Damana Melikishvili
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摘要

本文讨论在现代标准格鲁吉亚语中使用平行形式“qriste aġ-s-dga”或“qriste aġ-dga”的问题。通过对格鲁吉亚语多人称动词结构的历时性分析,认为该句法中aġ-s-dga不是单人称动词,而是双人称动词:aġ-s-dga igi mas (queyanasa /zeda/)(他从它(地球)之上升起)- queskneliT//jojoxeTiT (-gan)(来自地狱)。在这里,前缀s-是根据古格鲁吉亚语的规范正确使用的:它是与格(queyanasa)(在地球之上)中间接宾语的标记。“qristeġsdga !指的是独特而神圣的事件——基督的复活。只有在基督复活的节日上,才说:“qriste aġ-s-dga mkvdreTiT (queskneliT, jojoxeTiT), sikudilisa sikudiliTa damTrgunveli da saflavebis SinaTa cxovrebis mimniWebeli”(=基督从死里复活(从地狱),践踏死亡的死亡,并在那些在坟墓里赐生命):只有基督,践踏死亡,“aġ-s-dga queskneliT”(qvesknelidan, jojoxeTiT -gan)“(是从地狱复活),queyanasa (zeda)”(高于地球)。因此,通过格鲁吉亚分析和综合思维方式创造的多人称动词,将物理现象和形而上学现象彼此区分开来,并揭示了一个独特的事件-基督从死里复活的神圣奥秘。საკვანძოსიტყვები:ქართულიენა,ქართულიზმნისმრავალპირიანობა,კანონიკურიფორმა。关键词:格鲁吉亚语,格鲁吉亚动词的多人格,标准形式。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Kvlav krist’e aghsdga! /კვლავ „ქრისტე აღსდგა!” [Once Again Qriste Aġsdga! (Christ Is Risen!)]
The present paper deals with the problem of the use of parallel forms “qriste aġ-s-dga” - or “qriste aġ-dga” in the modern standard Georgian language. Based on the diachronic analysis of the system and construction of the polypersonal Georgian verb, it is argued that in this syntagma aġ-s-dga is not monopersonal, but a bipersonal verb: aġ-s-dga igi mas (queyanasa /zeda/) (he is risen above it (Earth) - queskneliT//jojoxeTiT (-gan) (from hell). Here the prefix s- is used correctly according to the norms of the old Georgian language: it is a marker of an indirect object in the dative case (queyanasa) (above Earth). “qriste aġsdga!” refers to the unique, sacred event - the resurrection of Christ. Only on the Feast of the Resurrection of Christ, it is said: “qriste aġ-s-dga mkvdreTiT (queskneliT, jojoxeTiT), sikudilisa sikudiliTa damTrgunveli da saflavebis SinaTa cxovrebis mimniWebeli” (= Christ is risen from the dead (from hell), trampling down death by death, and upon those in the tombs bestowing life): only Christ, trampling down death, “aġ-s-dga queskneliT” (qvesknelidan, jojoxeTiT -gan)” (is risen from hell), queyanasa (zeda)” (above Earth). Thus, through the polypersonal verb created by Georgian analytical and synthetical way of thinking, physical and metaphysical phenomena are distinguished from one another and a unique event is revealed - the sacral mystery of the resurrection of Christ from the dead.საკვანძო სიტყვები: ქართული ენა, ქართული ზმნის მრავალპირიანობა, კანონიკური ფორმა.Keywords: Georgian Language, Polypersonalism of Georgian Verbs, Canonical Form.
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