Min Liang, Kun Zeng, Ruibin Xiong, Bin Su, Jianqun Liu, Shuli Chen, Zujian Wang, Rongbing Su, Ying Liu, Zhengqian Fu, Chao He
{"title":"Simultaneous achieving giant piezoelectric charge and voltage coefficients in holmium-doped Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 single crystals","authors":"Min Liang, Kun Zeng, Ruibin Xiong, Bin Su, Jianqun Liu, Shuli Chen, Zujian Wang, Rongbing Su, Ying Liu, Zhengqian Fu, Chao He","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2025.161167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.161167","url":null,"abstract":"The piezoelectric charge coefficient (<em>d</em><sub>33</sub>) and piezoelectric voltage coefficient (<em>g</em><sub>33</sub>) are critical parameters for piezoelectric materials, with their product, <em>d</em><sub>33</sub> × <em>g</em><sub>33</sub>, serving as the figure of merit (FOM) for piezoelectric energy harvesters. While large <em>d</em><sub>33</sub> and <em>g</em><sub>33</sub> values are typically achieved individually in piezoelectric materials, obtaining both simultaneously remains a significant challenge. By leveraging the ABO<sub>3</sub> perovskite structure of relaxor ferroelectric single crystals, an unprecedentedly ultrahigh <em>d</em><sub>33</sub> × <em>g</em><sub>33</sub> value has been realized in holmium-doped Pb(Mg<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>-PbTiO<sub>3</sub> (PMN-PT) single crystals. This system reports average values of <em>d</em><sub>33</sub>, <em>g</em><sub>33</sub> and <em>d</em><sub>33</sub> × <em>g</em><sub>33</sub> of 4400 pC N<sup>−1</sup>, 45.2 × 10<sup>−3</sup> Vm N<sup>−1</sup> and 199 pm<sup>2</sup> N<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Notably, the <em>d</em><sub>33</sub> × <em>g</em><sub>33</sub> value surpasses that of other Pb-based relaxor ferroelectric crystals. Atomic-scale analysis attributes the giant piezoelectric properties to the introduction of holmium ions, which disrupt long-range ferroelectric ordering, forming slush-like multipolar states with the relatively large nano-tetragonal phase in the local structure. This promotes polarization rotation and lattice distortion, enhancing piezoelectric performance. Thus, this study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms behind high piezoelectric properties, positioning this advanced crystal for potential applications in piezoelectric sensors, energy harvesters, and related technologies.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143570303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunxiang Zhang , Derui Xu , Xiaohui Wang , Hongsheng Shen , Bin Chen , Qian Liu , Yating Cui , Xinmiao Hou , Siyu Zhao , Qing Song , Xichuan Li , Xinghua Jin
{"title":"Enhanced NIR-triggered photo-to-chemo conversion based on plasmonic heterojunction nanozyme for tetra-hybrid antineoplastic therapy","authors":"Yunxiang Zhang , Derui Xu , Xiaohui Wang , Hongsheng Shen , Bin Chen , Qian Liu , Yating Cui , Xinmiao Hou , Siyu Zhao , Qing Song , Xichuan Li , Xinghua Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2025.161306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cej.2025.161306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photo-activated thermal and dynamic therapy is confirmed as a secure modality for tumor ablation due to its non-invasiveness. However, photothermal and photodynamic therapy in phototherapy often do not have uniform wavelengths due to the different materials used, and the infrared light used in photothermal therapy is considered difficult to excite photosensitizers such as porphyrins. Herein, a plasmonic heterojunction nanozyme with a core–shell structure and bimetal nodes (Cu & Mn) was designed. The excitation wavelength of photo-to-chemo conversion in the photodynamic effect of porphyrin is adjusted by using the surface plasmon resonance and heterojunction to achieve the result of simultaneous excitation of photothermal and photodynamic effects by near-infrared light. Results showed that the kinetic size of Bi@MOF was 110 nm, with heterojunction features, which were characterized by reduced impedance, enhanced photocurrent response, and staggered band crossing. Physical and chemical characterization illustrated that Bi@MOF heterojunction could change the wavelength required for the photodynamic effect of porphyrin-based metal–organic framework from 650 nm to 808 nm by surface plasmon resonance-induced high-energy excitons generation as well as shortened Stokes shifts. At the same time, the bimetal in the nanozyme can generate the reactive oxygen species storm through the bimetal-enhanced Russell mechanism and the tumor microenvironment-responsive Fenton reaction and photodynamic effect. Cell and animal tests illustrated that the glutathione oxidase-like activity of nanozymes can trigger ferroptosis in cancer cells, further disrupting intracellular redox homeostasis. Finally, a hybrid nanotherapy system was created, which realizes the integration of four therapies, including photothermal, photodynamic, chemodynamic, and ferroptosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"509 ","pages":"Article 161306"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143560975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C.M. Costa, R.S. Pinto, J.P. Serra, J.C. Barbosa, R. Gonçalves, S. Lanceros-Méndez
{"title":"Next generation sustainable lithium-ion batteries: Micro and nanostructured materials and processes","authors":"C.M. Costa, R.S. Pinto, J.P. Serra, J.C. Barbosa, R. Gonçalves, S. Lanceros-Méndez","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2025.161337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.161337","url":null,"abstract":"There is a drive to reduce fossil fuels dependence of society through the implementation of eco-friendlier renewable energy generation systems. However, the energy generated from renewable sources must be properly managed to guarantee the daily energy supply in different scenarios and conditions. To achieve that, energy storage systems, such as electrochemical batteries, can be implemented due to their high performance. Lithium-ion batteries are widely used energy storage systems for a variety of applications including smartphones, laptops, electric vehicles, or home storage systems. However, an increasing dependence on this technology will also lead to an increasing demand for lithium and other materials required for battery manufacturing, placing pressure on environmental issues that modern society faces nowadays and on the policies regarding decarbonization and reduction of greenhouse gases emissions. Physical and chemical properties of the materials present in batteries are responsible for their behavior and electrochemical performance, being therefore interesting the development of more sustainable materials for a next generation of environmentally friendlier batteries.In this scope, a comprehensive state-of-the-art on sustainable materials and processes for the different components of lithium-ion batteries is presented with a focus on environmental impact and sustainability. The characteristics of active materials for anode and cathode, their microstructures, processing and integration techniques, allowing to enhance the electrochemical performance of batteries, are discussed. Regarding separators, the sustainable membranes as well as solid electrolytes are presented and discussed. Further, the main processes for the fabrication of the different battery components are addressed, focusing on environmental impact, recycling methods and circular economy considerations.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"87 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143570250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Detection of breast cancer related biomarkers in serum using an electroetching-biosensor with sub-typing recommendations","authors":"Xiaofang Liu, Zhihao Yang, Feng Yang, Huan Rong, Danqun Huo, Tingxiu Xiang, Changjun Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2025.161313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.161313","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid biopsy is an efficient, real-time method for monitoring cancer progression. In breast cancer sub-typing, it holds potential for providing rapid and comprehensive cancer characterization, including molecular subtypes, predictive prognosis, and personalized treatment options. In this work, we designed an Electroetching-Biosensor that generates output signals from the etching of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). These nanoparticles are enriched and embedded within a metal–organic framework based on a prussian blue analog, forming a 3D multicavity structure that enhances focused etching and signal amplification. The HKUST-1@PBA@AuNPs can specifically capture the targets, which in turn protect the AuNPs from etching. Thus, the etching response of AuNPs is proportional to the target concentration, enabling the quantitative detection of four biomarkers. The Electroetching-Biosensor offers a detection range spanning at least five orders of magnitude, with a detection limit as low as μU/mL or pg/mL. Its performance is highly consistent with gold standard methods. Furthermore, 24 clinical samples of breast cancer are analyzed. Based on the immunohistochemistry subtyping results, a recommendation for liquid biopsy-based subtyping has been proposed.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143570255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Near-infrared light-triggered in situ self-assembly nanomedicine for treating antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection","authors":"Yu Zhang, Chunhua Ren, Huayang Liu, Jingyi Duan, Mengyao Wang, Ziao Zhou, Jinyou Duan, Huaimin Wang, Xiaoli Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2025.161303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.161303","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are increasing at an alarming rate, posing a significant threat to global health and highlighting the urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies. Herein, we developed a near-infrared (NIR) photoactivatable amphiphilic precursor molecule of peptide-vancomycin conjugate (PFTV), which could in situ self-assemble into a nanogermicidal agent on bacterial surfaces upon exposure to NIR light. This approach aimed to effectively treat infections caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). Our findings indicated that the in situ self-assembly of PFTV triggered by NIR light demonstrated superior antiplanktonic activity compared to free vancomycin, with the minimum inhibitory concentration reduced by two orders of magnitude. Additionally, this strategy enhanced PFTV penetration and removal of VRE biofilms, achieving a bacterial killing efficiency of 99%. Mechanistic studies revealed that the combination of PFTV and NIR light treatment eradicated antibiotic-resistant bacteria via two main actions: membrane perturbation and disruption of cellular homeostasis. Furthermore, the in situ self-assembly of PFTV upon NIR light irradiation demonstrated significant therapeutic efficacy in treating VRE-induced infections and accelerating wound healing in vivo by mitigating inflammation responses and promoting neovascularization. This work has reported an on-demand activated strategy to facilitate peptide-antibiotic conjugate in situ self-assembly into a multivalent nanoantibacterial agent, which could provide novel paradigm for targeted drug delivery and combating multidrug-resistant pathogens.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huan Tang, Jie Zhou, Tong Yang, Hai-Ning Lyu, Zheng Chu, Ying Zhang, Ang Ma, Junzhe Zhang, Yuqing Meng, Chong Qiu, Sheng-Tao Yang, Jigang Wang, Zipeng Gong
{"title":"Understanding the biological identity of metal-organic framework through profiling proteomic fingerprinting of protein corona","authors":"Huan Tang, Jie Zhou, Tong Yang, Hai-Ning Lyu, Zheng Chu, Ying Zhang, Ang Ma, Junzhe Zhang, Yuqing Meng, Chong Qiu, Sheng-Tao Yang, Jigang Wang, Zipeng Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2025.161320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.161320","url":null,"abstract":"Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered substantial interest in the biomedical field due to their unique physicochemical properties, such as high porosity and favorable biocompatibility. Upon exposure to biological environments, biomaterials interact with various proteins that adsorb spontaneously onto their surfaces, leading to the formation and evolution of a protein layer known as the protein corona (PC). However, the composition of the PC on MOFs and its influence on their biological identity remain poorly understood. In this study, we systematically examine protein corona formation on three types of MOF materials (ZIF-8, MIL-53(Fe), and UiO66) in serum, alongside their associated biological effects. Proteomics analysis revealed significant differences in protein corona composition across the three MOFs, particularly in the abundance and types of predominant proteins. Subsequent biological assessments indicated that PC formation mitigated the cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and immune response of macrophages toward MOFs. Regarding cellular uptake, protein corona formation markedly inhibited the uptake of ZIF-8 and MIL-53(Fe) by macrophages, while enhancing the internalization of UiO66 via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, microtubule-dependent transport, and phagocytosis. Additionally, the PC of these MOFs were enriched with opsonins and dysopsonins that influence phagocytosis. This study is the first to reveal the proteomic composition of PC on these three representative MOFs and to elucidate the role of PC in modulating the biological identities of MOFs in macrophage interactions. These findings offer valuable insights for advancing MOFs-based drug delivery systems in clinical applications and provide new perspectives for exploring the complex physiological behaviors of protein coronas on biomaterials.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143570248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Catalytic molten Zn-Bi alloys for methane pyrolysis","authors":"Taek Kim, Junyoung Lee, Yunhyeok Ko, Geun-Ho Chong, Dohyung Kang, Hyunguk Kwon","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2025.161304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.161304","url":null,"abstract":"Methane pyrolysis with molten alloy catalysts enables the production of large-scale, CO<sub>2</sub>-free hydrogen and valuable carbon byproducts. This work systematically screens molten alloy catalysts, determines reaction kinetics, elucidates detailed surface reaction mechanisms, and analyzes the structure of carbon byproducts using both computational and experimental methods. Several essential factors for designing Bi-based molten alloys suggest that Zn<sub>0.45</sub>-Bi<sub>0.55</sub> is a promising candidate among 20 binary alloys. We calculate the accurate free energy of activation for the initial C-H activation of methane using <em>ab initio</em> molecular dynamics and metadynamics simulations. The computed barrier is lower than those of molten binary alloys reported in the literature, and this has been validated by our reaction kinetics measurements on the Zn-Bi alloy. In methane activation, active metals (Zn) contribute to changing the charge states of base metals (Bi), facilitating C-H dissociation. Methane activation is more likely to occur through a surface-stabilized-like pathway rather than a radical-initiated pathway, which could provide crucial information for developing a descriptor to predict C-H activation energies on molten catalysts. A distinct feature of the surface-stabilized-like pathway, compared to solid surfaces, is that methyl does not necessarily bind to the active site immediately after C-H dissociation. We also investigate methane decomposition and carbon formation pathways using density functional theory calculations. The initial C-C bond can form either through CH<sub>3</sub>(g) radicals in the gas phase or via coupling reactions involving CH<sub>2</sub>* and CH*. Transmission electron microscopy of the carbon products shows a partially crystalline structure, suggesting their potential usage as high-value carbon.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143570249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ingenious design of manganese doped magnesium-aluminum layered double hydroxides to enable enhanced sonodynamic therapy","authors":"Tian Gan, Tian Zhang, Yike Fu, Xiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2025.161341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.161341","url":null,"abstract":"The development of highly potent sonosensitive semiconductors has been greatly inspired by the advancements in photocatalyst technology. The crucial aspect of their application lies in the effective separation of electron-hole pairs and the simultaneous inhibition of their recombination under ultrasound irradiation. In this study, we have successfully modified the p-type semiconductor MgAl-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) through ion doping and bovine serum albumin (BSA) anchoring, yielding a novel sonosensitizer, Mn-MgAl-LDH@BSA, which is instrumental in enhancing sonodynamic therapy (SDT) efficacy. The Mn ions within the LDH framework narrows the bandgap of the system and allows for more efficient generation of electron-hole pairs under ultrasonication. Moreover, the system utilizes Mn ions as doping centers to capture the activated electrons, thereby effectively preventing their recombination with holes. This process significantly boosts the interaction between activated electrons and oxygen, leading to a promotion in the generation of reactive oxygen species. Both <em>in vitro</em> and in vivo studies have confirmed the outstanding SDT performance of Mn-MgAl-LDH@BSA, which not only suppresses tumor growth effectively by 72.6% but also demonstrates excellent biocompatibility. In conclusion, this research presents a new avenue for the development of novel and effective ultrasound-driven treatment modalities.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"87 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143569834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nan Zhang, Lingyu Bai, Xiaxing Wei, Tao Li, Yuefeng Tang, Xibai Zeng, Zhongfang Lei, Jiong Wen, Shiming Su
{"title":"Promoted decomposition in straw return to double-cropped rice fields controls soil acidity, increases soil fertility and improves rice yield","authors":"Nan Zhang, Lingyu Bai, Xiaxing Wei, Tao Li, Yuefeng Tang, Xibai Zeng, Zhongfang Lei, Jiong Wen, Shiming Su","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2025.161309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.161309","url":null,"abstract":"Rice straw returned directly to the field offers various benefits, including improved soil structure, water conservation, and crop growth. However, straw decomposition can create unfavorable conditions, such as soil acidification and gleyization, that negatively impact rice growth. This study conducted three experiments to assess the effects of returning straw to double-cropping rice fields by screening for decomposing bacteria, nutrient release, and complete straw return. The results from these experiments indicated that the decomposition efficiency of straw significantly increased when both pig manure and straw were returned to the field simultaneously. Additionally, the introduction of exogenous calcium oxide increased the soil pH by more than 0.3, effectively preventing soil acidification. Furthermore, after four years of continuous straw return, the addition of calcium oxide or pig manure significantly increased the annual rice yield. These findings provide scientific evidence supporting the long-term advantages of incorporating straw return into the soil fertilization practices of double-cropping rice systems, highlighting the potential for sustained improvement in soil fertility.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhixuan Wang, Juanjuan Li, Ziwei Du, Lina Pang, Chao Liu
{"title":"Metal-free porphyrin porous organic cage for efficient iodine capture","authors":"Zhixuan Wang, Juanjuan Li, Ziwei Du, Lina Pang, Chao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2025.161326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.161326","url":null,"abstract":"A large amount of radioactive iodine, which is harmful to the environment and humans, is produced during the operation of nuclear power plants, and the design of adsorbents for the efficient adsorption of radioactive iodine should be further studied. In this work, porphyrin-based porous organic cage (POC), denoted as PTC-2H, was synthesized using dynamic covalent chemistry, and PTC-Zn was obtained by the post-synthetic modification of PTC-2H with Zn<sup>2+</sup>. Subsequently, the iodine capture performance was studied. The iodine capture capacity of PTC-2H reached 5.46 g g<sup>−1</sup>, exceeding the capacities reported for most POCs. Multi-spectral techniques confirmed that iodine adsorption occurs mainly through chemical adsorption, and porphyrin units together with imine bonds are the main active sites for iodine adsorption. Owing to the synergistic effect of the high specific surface area, large conjugated plane, and abundant N heteroatoms, PTC-2H exhibited a higher iodine capacity than other POCs. After the introduction of zinc ions into PTC-2H, PTC-Zn exhibited a lower iodine capacity (4.96 g g<sup>−1</sup>), which could be attributed to the loss of the –NH bonds in the porphyrin units. Thus, POCs containing porphyrin units were used in this study for iodine adsorption, and the positive effects of –NH bonds in the N<sub>4</sub> cavity of the porphyrin plane, together with the higher specific surface area of PTC-2H, on the iodine adsorption capacity are demonstrated proved for the first time. The insights obtained in this study are of great significance for exploring new materials with more functional groups for improving their iodine adsorption performance.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143569837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}