Chemical Engineering Journal最新文献

{"title":"The oscillatory profile shape as design parameter for optimizing continuous oscillatory baffled reactors","authors":"Matthias Adams, Glen Vangrieken, Georgios D. Stefanidis, Tom Van Gerven","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2026.182037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2026.182037","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous oscillatory baffled reactors (COBRs) are widely used to achieve plug-flow even at low flow rates. Traditionally, an oscillatory motion with a sinusoidal profile has been applied to create this plug-flow. This work investigates the potential of using the shape of the oscillatory profile as a design parameter to enhance plug-flow behavior. The profiles studied are asymmetric deviations from the commonly used symmetrical waves, meaning that the forward or backward motion occurs faster than the opposite stroke. It is demonstrated that profiles with a greater imbalance between the forward and backward strokes result in improved plug-flow behavior. Particle image velocimetry reveals that these asymmetric profiles excite additional superharmonic oscillations on top of the main excitation frequency. These additional oscillations most likely introduce more radial mixing events, resulting in the observed improvement in plug-flow behavior. Wavelet analysis shows that these superharmonics are only briefly present after the rapid forward or backward movement and disappear during the slower opposite stroke. Furthermore, the analysis reveals a positive correlation between the plug-flow behavior and the relative magnitude of these superharmonics compared to the excitation frequency. Therefore, it can be concluded that the shape of the oscillatory profile significantly influences COBR performance. This finding provides researchers with a deeper understanding of COBRs and offers engineers greater flexibility in designing COBRs for industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149123410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Memristor-driven localized Joule heating in a ZnO/CeO2 bilayer enables low-temperature CO detection","authors":"Mohsin Ali, Ibtisam Ahmad, Syed Ameer Hamza, Umar Ijaz, Hee-Dong Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2026.182602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2026.182602","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon monoxide (CO) is a highly toxic gas and a critical early indicator for fire detection, yet current metal oxide sensors rely on power-consuming external heaters for thermal activation. Here we demonstrate a self-heating memristor-based CO sensor with an ITO/ZnO/CeO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> architecture that eliminates the requirement for an external heat source. Localized Joule heating generated within the memristive ZnO layer intrinsically activates the CeO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> sensing material. Optimized with a 75 nm ZnO layer, the device achieves an ideal localized thermal regime of ~322 K while drawing only 13.2 μW, roughly three orders of magnitude below the power required by conventional micro-hotplate sensors. This enables highly reliable CO detection (1–50 ppm) with peak response occurring at room and low operating temperatures. Our approach significantly reduces the thermal budget and simplifies device architecture, providing a highly scalable platform for ultra-compact, energy-efficient early fire warning systems.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"182602"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149123414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multilayer Janus-based printed flexible electrodes with broad bioelectrical compatibility for multi-modal health monitoring","authors":"Wen Xu, Xiaolin Guo, Lingling Wu, Haonan Jia, Pei Pan, Jun Li, Jianhua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2026.182682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2026.182682","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible bioelectronic systems have shown great potential for continuous physiological monitoring, yet signal instability and insufficient multimodal coordination under dynamic conditions remain key challenges. Here, we report a Janus Flexible Electrode System (JFES) integrating printed Ag/PEDOT composite electrodes, electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) membranes, and an elastomeric adhesive interlayer for simultaneous acquisition of electrophysiological and strain signals. Benefiting from the dual-surface functional partitioning and stress-buffered multilayer structure, the device exhibits excellent flexibility, strong skin adhesion, stable electrical performance, and a high EMG signal-to-noise ratio of approximately 36 dB. Through feature-level EMG–strain fusion assisted by a lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN), the system achieves a gesture-recognition accuracy of 94.34%, outperforming the EMG-only model. Furthermore, in vivo experiments on anesthetized mice demonstrate the system's capability for synchronous recording of tail-pinch-associated cortical potentials and strain responses. Quantitative ECoG analysis shows stimulation-induced redistribution of spectral power within 0.5–30 Hz, while the strain channel captures corresponding mechanical responses. This study provides a scalable and reliable Janus electrode strategy for multimodal bioelectronic interfaces, bridging electrophysiological and mechanical signal monitoring toward intelligent health diagnostics and neurophysiological applications.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149123377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-active-center-driven tannic-acid-protonated polyaniline/MOF-derived V4O7 hybrid cathode for high-rate and long-life aqueous zinc-ion batteries","authors":"Chengjie Yin, Rui Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2026.182722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2026.182722","url":null,"abstract":"Developing vanadium-based cathodes with high capacity, fast kinetics, and long-term cycling stability is crucial for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs). However, conventional vanadium-based cathodes suffer from severe vanadium dissolution, structural degradation, and sluggish Zn<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2+</ce:sup> diffusion. Herein, an organic/inorganic hybrid cathode, TA-PANI@V<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">7</ce:inf>, is rationally constructed by coupling MOF-derived V<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">7</ce:inf> with tannic-acid-protonated polyaniline (TA-PANI) to achieve synergistic regulation of the host framework and active interface. Structural characterizations reveal that TA-PANI preserves the V<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">7</ce:inf> crystal phase while optimizing interfacial wettability (contact angle from 99.46° to 19.04°), defect‑oxygen concentration, V<ce:sup loc=\"post\">4+</ce:sup>/V<ce:sup loc=\"post\">5+</ce:sup> electronic structure, and mesoporous architecture. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that TA-PANI<ce:inf loc=\"post\">100</ce:inf>@V<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">7</ce:inf> delivers 601.6 mAh g<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> at 0.1 A g<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> and maintains 274.9 mAh g<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> after 10,000 cycles at 10.0 A g<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> with 75.6% retention. TA-PANI regulation increases capacitive contribution to 92.84%, lowers charge-transfer resistance to 111 Ω, and accelerates Zn<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2+</ce:sup> diffusion. Ex situ characterizations reveal reversible intermediate-phase evolution and provide evidence consistent with proton-involved Zn-storage processes. More importantly, a dual-active-center-driven mechanism is proposed: the V<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf>O<ce:inf loc=\"post\">7</ce:inf> framework serves as the first active center for bulk Zn<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2+</ce:sup> intercalation and vanadium redox, while the TA-PANI interface acts as the second active center participating in ion adsorption and interfacial regulation through protonation/deprotonation and N/O-functional-group coordination. DFT calculations reveal that TA-PANI strengthens Zn<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2+</ce:sup> adsorption affinity (from −1.06 to −1.24 eV), optimizes charge distribution, and increases dissolution energy (from 4.87 to 5.96 eV), synergistically improving performance from thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives. This work advances cathode design from passive coating to active interfacial coupling, providing a new strategy for high-rate and long-life vanadium-based AZIBs.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149123373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexible self-healing and infrared-invisible vanillin-based polyurethane phase change thin-films for thermal management","authors":"Yupu Chen, Shichao Feng, Dongying Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2026.182758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2026.182758","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional phase change materials (PCMs) are typically rigid and brittle with poor cycling stability and limited processability. Moreover, incorporating functional components often causes a significant reduction in phase change enthalpy, and achieving a thin-film configuration usually comes at the cost of further enthalpy loss, severely limiting their thermal management applications. To address these challenges, we report a flexible, self-healing, and infrared-invisible phase change thin-film based on a vanillin-derived polyurethane skeleton. Multi-step synergistic reactions balance film flexibility and latent heat, avoiding the enthalpy loss trade-off of composite PCMs while retaining a high enthalpy of 101.8 J/g for a thin film. After 100 thermal cycles, the film delivers an enthalpy retention above 96%, proving markedly enhanced thermal stability. The introduced 4-aminophenyl disulfide endows the film with thermal/mechanical self-healing capability. The tensile strength reaches 9.14 MPa and increases by over 60% after heating at 80 °C for 3 h, confirming excellent self-healing ability, thermoplasticity, and adhesion. The film shows an average transmittance of only 2.46% in the 3–25 μm band, indicating good infrared shielding capability, validated by successful infrared image blending on a human hand and a heating plate. Further, the film cools low-power and high-power analog batteries by 4.0 °C and 12.7 °C respectively, while cooling the battery shell by 10 °C, reflecting significant cooling performance. Collectively, this work presents a promising strategy to break the trade-off between multifunctionality and phase change properties in phase change thin-films, offering a flexible, self-healing, and infrared-invisible PCM solution for advanced thermal management.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":"182758"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149123080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-step polymerization synthesis of aminated porous polymers for humidity-enhanced direct air capture","authors":"Anju Pal, Özlem Uguz Neli, Zoltán Bacsik, Béla Fiser, Sebastian Anila, Johanna Fricke, Dennis Prietzel, Danial Mazhar, Ashin Vadakke Kulangara, Niklas Hedin, Jiayin Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2026.182750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2026.182750","url":null,"abstract":"Deployment of direct air capture (DAC) is currently limited by sorbents with multistep synthesis, low capture capacities, slow kinetics, cycling instability, and/or high regeneration temperatures. Here, we report a one-step emulsion copolymerization of 4-vinylbenzylamine (VBA) and 1,4-divinylbenzene (DVB), in which cross-linked network formation and primary amine incorporation occur simultaneously, to prepare amine-rich porous frameworks chemically analogous to Lewatit VP OC 1065 for DAC. By varying the DVB:VBA ratio, adsorbents with different porosities and amine contents were synthesized, with amine loading being the most crucial parameter. The optimized sorbent features a CHN-derived amine loading of 5.6 mmol N g<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> and exhibits breakthrough-derived CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> uptakes of 0.54 mmol g<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> under dry conditions and 1.21 mmol g<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> at 80% relative humidity at 25 °C using a simulated DAC feed containing ~400 ppm CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> in N<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>. It reaches half of the equilibrium uptake within 2.6 min under pure CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> at 25 °C, exhibits a CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>-TPD maximum at ~60 °C, and maintains stable performance over 45 dry adsorption–desorption cycles and 10 humid breakthrough cycles. Infrared and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies reveal carbamate species, whose corresponding IR bands nearly disappear upon heating to 80 °C, supporting reversible CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> binding. Density functional theory calculations support that ammonium carbamate and hydrogen-bonded carbamic acid species can form in the proposed structure. This study demonstrates that incorporation of primary amines during polymerization provides a simple route to high-performance DAC sorbents with capture performance comparable to Lewatit VP OC 1065 and a lower CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> desorption peak temperature.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":"182750"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149123082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrient removal enhancement, membrane fouling mitigation and microbial community optimization of AAO-VMBR system for municipal wastewater treatment","authors":"Haowen Yan, Guiquan Du, Yunlin Wang, Jiahui Gao, Haixia Chen, Canhui Song, Jingqiu Sun, Faqian Sun, Chongjun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2026.182671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2026.182671","url":null,"abstract":"Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are widely used in municipal wastewater treatment but remain limited by high aeration demand and membrane fouling. Vibrating membrane bioreactors (VMBRs) mitigate fouling by generating surface shear through mechanical vibration, thereby reducing reliance on aeration. In this study, an anaerobic–anoxic–oxic process coupled with a vibrating membrane bioreactor (AAO-VMBR) was established to systematically evaluate the effects of mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), vibration amplitude (Amp), and vibration frequency (Freq) on pollutant removal and membrane fouling behavior. The relative influence of these parameters followed the order MLSS &gt; Amp &gt; Freq. Within the tested phases, the optimal overall performance was achieved at an MLSS concentration of 3000 mg/L, a vibration Amp of 5 cm, and a vibration Freq of 90 rpm, resulting in average removal efficiencies of 96% for chemical oxygen demand, 91% for NH₄<ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup>-N, 84% for total nitrogen, and 82% for total phosphorus. MLSS was identified as the primary factor governing fouling development, while the optimized condition prolonged a single stable filtration cycle to over 100 h, indicating enhanced fouling resistance. Microbial community and functional gene analyses further showed that the optimized conditions increased the relative abundance of <ce:italic>Nitrospira</ce:italic> in the membrane tank to 4.31% and maintained relatively high abundances of genes associated with nitrification, denitrification, and polyphosphate accumulation, including <ce:italic>nxrA</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>nirK</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>ppk1</ce:italic>. These results identify the key operational factors regulating AAO-VMBR performance and provide mechanistic evidence for optimizing low-fouling membrane bioreactor operation.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149123406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All-in-one strain/humidity bimodal sensor with orthogonal readouts for epidermal sensing and contactless human-machine interaction","authors":"Siqi Lu, Yuming He, Yongjie Xu, Dejian Zhang, Yuchen Lyu, Xingyi Li, Zhiqiang Fang, Lingyu Zhao, Fang Xu, Jidong Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2026.182733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2026.182733","url":null,"abstract":"The biological sensory systems seamlessly integrate contact-based haptics with contactless environmental awareness. Despite the recent efforts in emulating these two sensing modalities within the electronic skins (e-skins), the current bimodal systems often suffer from drawbacks including signal coupling and architectural complexity. Herein, we report an all-in-one strain/humidity bimodal sensor featuring orthogonal readouts, through constructing a parallel-plate ionic capacitor architecture with asymmetric electrodes and three interconnect terminals. Leveraging the intrinsic piezoresistivity of graphene film and the moisture-induced densification at the electrode-dielectric interface, the device could output resistive response to strain and capacitive response to humidity, with spatially overlapped but electrically decoupled sensing units. Besides, the cross-responsivity between the two sensing modalities is restrained, facilitating the extraction of haptic and environmental stimuli from electrical recordings. When applied for epidermal physiological monitoring and human-machine interaction, the bimodal sensing modality enriches the acquired information and functionalities compared to the monomodal counterpart. This work provides a viable route toward biomimetic, multidimensional perception in next-generation wearables and robotics.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"149 1","pages":"182733"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149123088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dual-model framework for prediction and stability-constrained optimization of in-situ caproate production during mesophilic food waste fermentation","authors":"Xin Li, Chunchen Ye, Xuedong Zhang, Minhua Cui, Pengyao Wang, Bo Wu, Hale Ozgun, Mustafa Evren Ersahin, Hongbo Liu, Ze Zhu, Guoshuai Liu, Henri Spanjers, Jules B. van Lier","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2026.182688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2026.182688","url":null,"abstract":"Feedstock heterogeneity complicates stable caproate production during in-situ fermentation of food waste. This study developed a dual-model framework for single-stage mesophilic fermentation of unpretreated food waste, combining caproate prediction with an auxiliary soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) model. Nine individual machine-learning models were evaluated, and stacking ensembles were constructed from selected high-performing models. The stacking ensemble combining extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and k-nearest neighbors (KNN) achieved a mean R<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> of 0.82 and a mean RMSE of 3.24 g COD/L across 100 repeated model evaluations. SHAP and permutation-importance analyses ranked SCOD and hydraulic retention time (HRT) among the leading predictors of caproate concentration. The ensemble model was coupled with Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Simulated Annealing (SA) to develop three objective-specific process-optimization strategies. Experimental validation of two feedstock-specific operating conditions identified under the predicted-SCOD constraint using synthetic and cafeteria food waste gave caproate yields of 0.21 and 0.24 g COD/g VS, respectively. The corresponding measured caproate concentrations deviated from the model predictions by 13.9% and 12.9%, supporting the predictive consistency and experimental feasibility of the constrained optimization framework under the tested conditions.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149123113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slag-regulated pore structure and charge transport in geopolymer composites for triboelectric nanogenerators","authors":"Yingwu Zhou, Kang Jiang, Chen Zhang, Menghuan Guo, Yinghui Wu, YanJun Xiao, Feng Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2026.182710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2026.182710","url":null,"abstract":"Geopolymer materials offer a low carbon footprint, designable microstructure, and engineering adaptability for developing multifunctional infrastructure materials. However, conventional fly ash-based geopolymers suffer from low reaction activity, insufficient structural integrity, and poor charge transport capability, which limit their application in triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs).","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149123106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}