Chemical Engineering Journal最新文献

{"title":"Endogenous stimuli-derived self-assembled DNA tetrahedron (MESH) for precise imaging and activatable mitochondrial interference therapy","authors":"Jichun Yang, Chenyu Sun, Yufang Zhang, Jianing Ji, Yuhan Wang, Qianqian Wu, Yan Zhao, Zhixin Cha, Yican Li, Xin Cui, Yao Luo, Sitong Wang, Zhizeng Wang, Sergio Benardini, Xiaohui Chen, Yang Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2025.169613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.169613","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer remains a great danger for health and well-being as well as a challenge for the sustainability of Health Systems worldwide. At the same time, tumor theranostics are hampered by limitations in imaging sensitivity, inadequate specificity, side effects and the emergence of therapeutic resistance. Tumor endogenous-activatable theranostic probes have emerged as critical tools for advancing precision diagnostics and targeted treatment of aggressive malignancies. In this study, we developed an endogenous stimuli-derived self-assembled DNA tetrahedron (MESH) nanodevice for simultaneous tumor visualization and activatable mitochondrial interference therapy. The DNA tetrahedron precisely recognized cancer cells via the Mucin-1 (MUC1) aptamer, and tumor-derived microRNA activated a strand displacement cascade amplification reaction to enable specifically and sensitively fluorescence imaging of malignant lesions. Concurrently, the in situ self-assembly process of DNA tetrahedron was initiated to form a DNA network under the stimulation of microRNA in cytoplasm. The self-assembled DNA network could selectively localize to mitochondria, acting as a polyanionic barrier that disrupts mitochondrial function and induces apoptosis. This endogenous tumor microenvironment-regulated morphological transformation between biocompatible DNA tetrahedral and DNA network with suborganelle interference functions might address the side effects and resistance issues of tumor treatment. The MESH provided a novel strategy for cancer imaging and mitochondrial manipulation through endogenous molecular-guided assembly with potential applications in theranostics.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145283569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulating the charge transport ability of the TiO2/CsPbI2Br perovskite interface layer by MoS2 nanoparticles for high-performance carbon-based all-inorganic perovskite solar cells","authors":"Zhaowei Huang, Lin Gao, Fengli Liu, Shihui Xu, Yaxuan Chai, Jing Li, Qing Yao, Haozhen Deng, Liuxue Sun, Jihuai Wu, Zhang Lan","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2025.169608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.169608","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon-based all-inorganic perovskite solar cells (C-IPSCs) have garnered significant attention due to their more cost-effective manufacturing processes. In this study, we synthesize MoS₂ nanoparticles through electrochemical intercalation and incorporate them into the interface between the TiO₂ electron transport layer and the CsPbI₂Br perovskite film, serving as a buried interface modification layer. The pristine van der Waals interface and the elevated carrier mobility of MoS₂ nanoparticles can significantly enhance the efficiency of carrier transport and extraction at the interface. Additionally, this configuration optimizes the energy level alignment between the photoactive layer and the electron transport layer. More critically, MoS₂ nanoparticles facilitate the release of residual stress during annealing, thereby substantially improving the crystal quality of the perovskite film. This improvement further mitigates defect state formation, which in turn reduces non-radiative recombination of charge carriers. Due to the synergies mentioned above, C-IPSC achieves a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.10 %. In addition, the device maintained 91 % of its initial PCE, demonstrating remarkable stability following 30 days of storage in an indoor environment at 25 °C and approximately 20 % relative humidity (RH).","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145283893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorine-free 2D MBene for dual ultra-sensitive and anti-interference ethylene sensor in plants","authors":"Nuo Li, Hongliang Zhu, Guangfen Wei, Miran Lakota, Anton Pleteršek, Xiaoshuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2025.169481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.169481","url":null,"abstract":"Pursuing plant-wearable ethylene sensors combining extreme sensitivity and environmental robustness faces fundamental material challenges in interfacial design and sustainable fabrication. We present a fluorine-free hydrothermal etching strategy that synthesizes Mo_1.33B₂T_x MBenes through HCl concentration-controlled crystallization (10–12 mol/L). The 11 mol/L-optimized MBene (B₁₁) features a compact lamellar architecture with 0.38 nm interlayer spacing and oxygen-rich terminals (XPS: 68.3 at.%), enabling quantum-confined charge transfer (DFT: 0.98 e⁻) and record ethylene adsorption energy (−3.803 eV) via p-π* orbital hybridization. This atomic-level interface engineering yields a wearable biosensor with dual breakthrough performance: 0.01 ppm detection limit (lowest reported) with 30s response and < 8.92 × 10³ % resistance drift over 1000 bending cycles. A biomimetic encapsulation system combining electromagnetic shielding (42 dB SNR enhancement) and superhydrophobic PDMS suppresses 97.3 % environmental interference while maintaining epidermal conformability (Young's modulus: 2.4 MPa). Field deployments across postharvest species (kiwifruit ΔR/R₀ = 1.21; banana = 0.89; tomato = 1.57) demonstrate multispecies tracking accuracy (R² = 0.986 vs. GC–MS) with 92 % humidity immunity. Our work establishes three transformative advances: (1) the first eco-friendly MBene synthesis protocol, (2) a materials-by-design paradigm linking termination chemistry to sensing specificity, and (3) a modular sensor architecture bridging lab-scale innovation to agricultural IoT scalability.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145283570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medium-entropy oxyfluoride-derived catalytic nanoparticles for enhancement of dehydrogenation kinetics of magnesium hydride","authors":"Xiaoxia Chen, Xiaobin Shi, Qingan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2025.169437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.169437","url":null,"abstract":"Magnesium hydride has a hydrogen capacity of 7.6 wt%, thereby being believed as a potential candidate for solid-state hydrogen storage. Nevertheless, the slow dehydrogenation kinetics severely hampers its practical utilizations. Herein, a medium-entropy oxyfluoride (Ti_0.25V_0.25Nb_0.25Zr_0.25)O_1.5F_1.5 (MEOF) is synthesized as an additive to accelerate hydrogen release from MgH₂. After introducing the as-prepared oxyfluoride (10 wt%) into MgH₂, the superior dehydrogenation kinetics with an activation energy of 67.7 kJ mol⁻¹ is achieved. Even after fifty de/hydrogenation cycles, the dehydrogenation activation energy and capacity retention still remain at 70.7 kJ mol⁻¹ and 98.5 %, respectively; showing excellent cycle durability. Further investigation demonstrates that the significant kinetic enhancement is attributed to the synergistic catalysis of extremely dispersed transition metal phases which are <em>in-situ</em> formed in the preparation process of MEOF-doped MgH₂ composite. Meanwhile, the improvement of cycling durability is owed to the inhibitory effect of <em>in-situ</em> generated MgF₂ and MgO on crystallite growth and powder agglomeration. These results bring insight into the importance of multiphase synergy in improving hydrogen desorption performance of magnesium hydride.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145283573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecularly dispersed polyoxometalate clusters via polymeric ionic liquid for flexible zinc–air batteries","authors":"Hongdae Lee, Yoonbin Kim, Won Il Kim, Gun Jang, Jung Woo Hong, Jun Su Kim, Chengang Pei, Jin Suk Byun, Sang Joon Lee, Sung Oh. Moon, Young Soo Yun, Won-Chul Cho, Byung-Hyun Kim, Ho Seok Park","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2025.169642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.169642","url":null,"abstract":"Polyoxometalate (POM) exhibits strong Brønsted acidity, making it a promising catalyst; however, its application as an electrocatalyst is limited by a low electrical conductivity and non-uniform dispersion on the support due to bulky and insulating ligands. Here, we demonstrate molecularly dispersed polyoxometalate clusters supported on nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (NG) via a polymeric ionic liquid (PIL) linker forming POM/PIL/NG for flexible zinc–air batteries (ZABs). The molecularly dispersed POM clusters achieved bifunctional and high electrocatalytic activity of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) through a chemical modification with redox-active metal (Co), and enlarged redox-active surface area, and fast oxygen transport. Additionally, PIL improved the interfacial stability and ion transfer between POM and NG. Thus, POM/PIL/NG hybrid electrocatalysts achieved the outstanding catalytic activities, including a high onset and half-wave potential of ORR (E_on = 0.84 V, E_1/2 = 0.79 V) and a low OER overpotential (η₁₀ = 430 mV). Consequently, rechargeable ZABs with POM/PIL/NG delivered a high power density of 100.7 mW cm⁻² with stable voltage profiles over 340 cycles. Furthermore, quasi solid-state ZABs confirmed the potential as flexible energy storage devices, delivering a power density of 45.0 mW cm⁻² and powering various electronic devices in tandem cell configurations.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145283576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chlorine-anion doping enhances the metal-oxygen covalency of Bi0.5Sr0.5FeO3-δ air electrode: achieving superior catalytic activity for reversible solid oxide cells","authors":"Hui Ye, Zhipeng Miao, Yanfeng Fu, Pengkai Shan, Bin Qian, Lin Ge, Han Chen, Yifeng Zheng, Sheng Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2025.169403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.169403","url":null,"abstract":"Reversible solid oxide cells (RSOCs) offer a revolutionary pathway for sustainable energy conversion and storage; however, their commercial viability is severely limited by the suboptimal catalytic capabilities and long-term stability of air electrodes. Herein, this work presents a novel approach to concurrently enhance the catalytic activity, durability, and CO₂ tolerance of the Bi_0.5Sr_0.5FeO_3-δ (BSF) air electrode by substituting oxygen sites with chloride (Cl⁻) anion. Notably, the optimized Bi_0.5Sr_0.5FeO_2.95-δCl_0.05 (BSFCl5) electrode exhibits a remarkable 49 % reduction in polarization resistance (Rp) at 800 °C, while maintaining exceptional CO₂ tolerance—Rp remains unchanged even under 10 % CO₂. In full-cell configurations, BSFCl5 achieves a peak power density of 1.22 W cm⁻² (vs. 0.8 W cm⁻² for BSF) and an electrolysis current density of 2.33 A cm⁻² at 1.5 V in a 70 % CO₂/30 % CO atmosphere, representing a 52.5 % and 72.6 % improvement, respectively. The BSFCl5 half-cell and full-cell exhibit excellent operational stability over 350 h and 150 h, respectively. Combined density functional theory (DFT) simulations and comprehensive experimental characterizations elucidate that Cl doping strengthens the metal-oxygen (M<img alt=\"single bond\" src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" style=\"vertical-align:middle\"/>O) covalency, synergistically boosting the oxygen reduction/evolution reaction (ORR/OER) kinetics and stability. This work presents a highly anticipated design approach for the future design of air electrodes for RSOCs with excellent catalytic performance and stability.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145283884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable biomass enabled adhesive hydrogel electrolytes for highly stable and bendable zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors","authors":"Bohui Zheng, Hongwei Zhou, Huihui Zheng, Ping Wu, Kexuan Wang, Zhihan Qin, Hanbin Liu, Yao Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2025.169373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.169373","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs) containing hydrogel electrolytes exhibit superior advantages to most energy storage devices, but weak electrolyte-electrode interface and poor environmental adaptability of hydrogel electrolytes often limit the electrochemical performances of supercapacitors under specific conditions. Inspired by sustainable and highly sticky nature of crops containing rich amylopectin (Amy), molecular engineering of adhesive hydrogel electrolytes containing chemically cross-linked polyacrylamide (PAM) network semi-interpenetrated by Amy is proposed to address the above issues. Because of the branched molecular structure and abundant polar groups, Amy endows the hydrogel electrolytes with high adhesiveness, and high-concentration ZnCl₂ is introduced to make the hydrogel electrolytes excellent environmental adaptability. Well-constructed hydrogel electrolytes provide a robust electrolyte-electrode interface and lowered interfacial impedance. Consequently, high charge/discharge stability (&gt;32,000 cycles) and capacity retention (81 % after 32,000 cycles) have been achieved. Moreover, such ZHSCs also exhibit outstanding cycling stability in deformed states and subzero conditions. Bio-inspired adhesive hydrogel electrolytes herein are expected to provide a promising strategy for promoting the electrochemical performances of energy storage devices in harsh conditions.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145283575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of MUF/α-ZrP@MnHP@APP composite nanolayered flame retardant coating for application on expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam","authors":"Wei Zhang, Yifu Xiang, Wantong Jiang, Zhixin Yang, Linlin Zhang, Bin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2025.169600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.169600","url":null,"abstract":"To enhance the flame retardancy of expandable polystyrene (EPS) foam, this study employed nano‑zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP), sodium phenylphosphinate (PPNa), manganese nitrate tetrahydrate (Mn(NO₃)₂·4H₂O), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and melamine-modified urea-formaldehyde resin (MUF) as raw materials. By constructing an integrated MUF/α-ZrP@MnHP@APP composite flame-retardant coating on the surface of EPS foam, the flame retardancy of EPS foam was effectively enhanced. Results showed that the EPS/MUF/α-ZrP@MnHP@15APP composite achieved a UL94 vertical burning classification of V-0 and a horizontal burning classification of HB. Specifically, it exhibited a limited oxygen index (LOI) of 57.8 %, a flame growth index (FGI) of 0.22, and a fire performance index (FPI) of 0.33. Compared with pristine EPS, the total heat release (THR) of this composite decreased by 51.50 %, the total smoke production (TSP) decreased by 57.61 %, and the char residue ratio increased from 0.14 % to 29.15 %. Meanwhile, the coating demonstrates excellent mechanical properties, interfacial adhesion, and optical transparency, which effectively balances flame-retardant functionality with the inherent service performance of the base material. This provides an effective strategy for the safe and eco-friendly application of EPS-based thermal insulation materials, and offers significant practical application value along with promising promotion prospects.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145283579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photo-chargeable asymmetric supercapacitors based on FeVO4 dual-function photoelectrodes: A new energy harvesting and storage integrated device","authors":"Soraya Abedi, Mohamad Mohsen Momeni, Farzaneh Ghasemipur, Byeong-Kyu Lee, Hossein Farrokhpour, Fuxiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2025.169615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.169615","url":null,"abstract":"The efficient utilization of sustainable sunlight offers a practical approach to improving energy storage performance through photo-assisted mechanisms. Photo-supercapacitors are innovative devices that can capture and store renewable solar energy. This work successfully synthesized a novel FeVO₄/WTNs photoelectrode consisting of pseudocapacitive iron vanadate (FeVO₄) and photosensitive tungsten-doped titania nanotubes (WTNs) and used as a new photoelectrode to achieve high capacitance. The optimized FeVO₄/WTNs (sample S3) demonstrated a maximum specific capacitance of 37 mF/cm² at a current density of 0.05 mA/cm². This value significantly exceeds the capacitance observed in pure FeVO₄ and pristine WTNs, highlighting the enhanced electrochemical performance of the composite material. Under light illumination, this electrode reached the specific capacitance of 69.11 mF/cm², which corresponds to an increase of 85.9 % compared to dark conditions. A photo-assisted asymmetric supercapacitor using FeVO₄/WTNs and FeVO₄/FTO electrodes showed a specific capacitance of 0.75 mF/cm² at 0.01 mA/cm² under light irradiation. In contrast, the device tested without exposure to light, using a conventional method, delivered a capacitance of 0.56 mF/cm² at the same current density. When photocharged to 1.2 V under unbiased conditions, this device had a specific capacitance of 0.24 mF/cm². Remarkably, the device was able to generate a voltage of 1.2 V within 200 s by photocharging alone, eliminating the need for an external bias voltage. The device exhibited exceptional stability over 10,000 galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles and maintained 87.44 % capacity in the dark and 87.61 % under illumination. In this study, a simple approach to fabricate a photochargeable supercapacitor based on the FeVO₄/WTNs electrode is presented.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145283583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymmetric nano-disordering with favored charge and reaction kinetics to boost CO2 photoreduction with high stability","authors":"Yan Shen, Haojie Wang, Miao Jiang, Ziting Liu, Delong Chen, Chengfei Zhu, Yong Zhou, Zhigang Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.cej.2025.169616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2025.169616","url":null,"abstract":"CO₂ photoreduction is a promising approach to address global energy crisis and achieve carbon neutralization, yet the activity and stability are still far from satisfactory because of sluggish charge and reaction kinetics. Herein, we constructed a nanoscale asymmetric structure by integrating amorphous and crystalline nano-domains on two-dimensional ultrathin TiO₂ nanosheets, which exhibits a boosted CO₂ reduction activity with a CO production rate of 55.61 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹, and a prolonged stability with 8-cycle tests of 48 h in total, significantly outperforming its symmetric counterparts. In situ light-assisted surface photovoltage microscopy under CO₂ atmosphere and density functional theory calculations suggest that the asymmetric Fermi levels of the ordered and disordered nano-domains lead to electron density gradient along the nano-interfaces, enhancing the separation and migration of photogenerated charge carriers. Also, due to the asymmetric electron acceptor-donor capability of the two domains, the disordered domain serves as active sites for CO₂ reduction, while the ordered domain for water oxidation. The inverse electron flow directions on the two domains help to close the loop of electron transfer between redox sites, accelerating surface reaction kinetics. The simultaneous improvements of charge and reaction kinetics contribute to the excellent performance of the asymmetric catalyst, providing a new paradigm for designing photocatalysts through nanoscale disorder engineering.","PeriodicalId":270,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145283882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}