Chem最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Hyperspace mapping and iterative dimensionality reduction reveal radical cascade networks controlled by perovskite-type catalysts 超空间映射和迭代降维揭示了钙钛矿型催化剂控制的自由基级联网络
IF 23.5 1区 化学
Chem Pub Date : 2026-03-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2026.102987
Yanqiu Jiang, Louis Gadina, Juan Carlos Ahumada, Yankai Jia, Wai-Shing Wong, Jongyeon Kim, Bartosz A. Grzybowski
{"title":"Hyperspace mapping and iterative dimensionality reduction reveal radical cascade networks controlled by perovskite-type catalysts","authors":"Yanqiu Jiang, Louis Gadina, Juan Carlos Ahumada, Yankai Jia, Wai-Shing Wong, Jongyeon Kim, Bartosz A. Grzybowski","doi":"10.1016/j.chempr.2026.102987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2026.102987","url":null,"abstract":"Organic reactions are often simplified as linear equations, obscuring the complexity of competing pathways. This work advances a hyperspace framework that reconceptualizes reactions as dynamic networks embedded in multidimensional condition “hyperspaces.” Using robot-assisted experimentation and AI-guided dimensionality reduction, we explore radical cascades involving 2-vinylpyridine and <em>tert</em>-butyl hydroperoxide and catalyzed by previously untested perovskite-like materials. Our pipeline reveals that distinct catalyst compositions unlock up to ten discrete products, including several synthetically valuable ones. The study highlights three key insights: the balance between broad hyperspace exploration and practical dimensionality reduction, the link between hyperspace composition and network structure, and the use of catalysts to steer network-wide reactivity.","PeriodicalId":268,"journal":{"name":"Chem","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147519114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spin-dependent isotopic fractionation of L-methionine l -蛋氨酸的自旋依赖同位素分馏
IF 23.5 1区 化学
Chem Pub Date : 2026-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2026.102993
Ofek Vardi, Nir Yuran, Ella Manuela Jakob, Gili Ben-Nissan, Shira Yochelis, Michal Sharon, Yossi Paltiel
{"title":"Spin-dependent isotopic fractionation of L-methionine","authors":"Ofek Vardi, Nir Yuran, Ella Manuela Jakob, Gili Ben-Nissan, Shira Yochelis, Michal Sharon, Yossi Paltiel","doi":"10.1016/j.chempr.2026.102993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2026.102993","url":null,"abstract":"Distinct isotopic fractionation in biomolecules, compared with atmospheric values, reflects their biosynthetic origin. Monitoring these fractionation changes offers a valuable approach for probing early metabolic networks. A key question in the study of life’s origins is the role of electronic spin and magnetic surfaces in symmetry breaking and the emergence of homochirality. Here, we used magnetic filters to show that the dynamical interaction with the magnetic surfaces changes the isotope fractions of <sup>13</sup>C L-methionine compared with <sup>12</sup>C L-methionine. Specifically, mass spectrometry analysis reveals that the isotopic fractionation of both natural and ¹³C-enriched L-methionine is influenced by electron spin-dependent interactions.","PeriodicalId":268,"journal":{"name":"Chem","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147507696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Skeletal editing by iron-catalyzed carbene insertion of trichloromethanes 由铁催化的三氯甲烷插入碳的骨骼编辑
IF 23.5 1区 化学
Chem Pub Date : 2026-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2026.102968
Bethany M. DeMuynck, Ethan E. Hyland, Hojin Kim, Victoria L. Menches, Anna M.M. Vernier, Zhang Wang, David E. Olson, Mark D. Levin, David A. Nagib
{"title":"Skeletal editing by iron-catalyzed carbene insertion of trichloromethanes","authors":"Bethany M. DeMuynck, Ethan E. Hyland, Hojin Kim, Victoria L. Menches, Anna M.M. Vernier, Zhang Wang, David E. Olson, Mark D. Levin, David A. Nagib","doi":"10.1016/j.chempr.2026.102968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2026.102968","url":null,"abstract":"Direct interchange between five- and six-membered nitrogen heterocycles by skeletal editing is valuable in drug discovery. Specifically, inserting a carbon atom into oxidatively prone indole affords metabolically stable quinoline. However, tailored reagents for this transformation are limited by safety, availability, and generality. Here, we introduce a C-insertion method that employs stable, commercially abundant trichloromethanes (as chlorocarbene precursors) and simple iron catalysts (FeCl<sub>2</sub>) to directly transform indoles to diverse quinolines. This highly practical method allows rare access to direct C-H and C-D insertion (essential analogs in medicinal chemistry) and many other pharmacophores. Mechanistic studies show key differences in rate, reactivity, and selectivity of this iron carbene versus metal-free carbenes. In addition, the skeletal editing of several drug-like molecules is presented, including a one-step synthesis of a quinoline analog of the psychedelic indole lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). This analog exhibits lower potency and efficacy for activating 5-HT2A receptors, suggesting therapeutic potential with reduced hallucinogenic properties.","PeriodicalId":268,"journal":{"name":"Chem","volume":"199 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147519117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Conventional versus three-state helicity in chiral copolymers: Reversal dynamics and programmable chiroptical switches 手性共聚物中的常规与三态螺旋:反转动力学和可编程chiroptic开关
IF 23.5 1区 化学
Chem Pub Date : 2026-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2026.102988
Xiaoxiao Cheng, Zeyu Tang, Zixiang He, Zhenyang Zhou, Li-Li Han, Zhan-Wei Li, Wei Zhang
{"title":"Conventional versus three-state helicity in chiral copolymers: Reversal dynamics and programmable chiroptical switches","authors":"Xiaoxiao Cheng, Zeyu Tang, Zixiang He, Zhenyang Zhou, Li-Li Han, Zhan-Wei Li, Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.chempr.2026.102988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2026.102988","url":null,"abstract":"Here, we report the thermo-driven three-state helicity of amphiphilic copolymer (BCP) nanoassemblies in ethanol. These nanoassemblies are prepared by polymerization-induced chiral self-assembly, with core-shell structures containing a solvophilic poly(methacrylic acid) stabilizer and a solvophobic poly(methacrylate) core bearing chiral azobenzene (Azo) mesogens. Within the aggregated Azo core, the competition between the single intra-chain helix and the high-order superstacks formed by densely aggregated backbones enables the nanoassemblies to exhibit three types of chiroptical properties over a wide temperature range. Three helical states can be reversibly switched over multiple cycles. The helical transition dynamics were elucidated through solvent dissociation experiments, spectroscopic analyses, and a theoretical framework combining a cholesteric hard-core model with the exciton chirality theory. By regulating environmental stimuli and azobenzene isomerization, seven chiroptical switches with reversible responses were engineered for different scenarios.","PeriodicalId":268,"journal":{"name":"Chem","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147519119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A motif-based deep learning tool for the identification of unusual NADH-dependent imine reductases 一个基于基序的深度学习工具,用于识别不寻常的nadh依赖性亚胺还原酶
IF 23.5 1区 化学
Chem Pub Date : 2026-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2026.102956
Xin-Yuan Shen, Yu-Xuan Wu, Zhi-Feng Ma, Xiao Yi, Min Shi, Zhen-Yu Zhu, Tian Jin, Xiao-Yu Hu, Zi-Yi Huang, Yun-Fei Gao, Qi Chen, Hui-Qun Yu, Jian-He Xu, Gui-Sheng Fan, Gao-Wei Zheng
{"title":"A motif-based deep learning tool for the identification of unusual NADH-dependent imine reductases","authors":"Xin-Yuan Shen, Yu-Xuan Wu, Zhi-Feng Ma, Xiao Yi, Min Shi, Zhen-Yu Zhu, Tian Jin, Xiao-Yu Hu, Zi-Yi Huang, Yun-Fei Gao, Qi Chen, Hui-Qun Yu, Jian-He Xu, Gui-Sheng Fan, Gao-Wei Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.chempr.2026.102956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2026.102956","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional retrieval methods through sequence alignment algorithms often struggle to identify potential biocatalysts without a specific target sequence. Here, we report the discovery of 95 putative nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-dependent native imine reductases (IREDs), all previously unreported, using a deep learning approach leveraging a conserved cofactor-binding motif. The Protein Motif to Search (PM2S) method integrates rule-based approaches, dynamic programming, machine learning, protein language models (PLMs), and dense vector sparsification, enabling a more comprehensive retrieval based solely on motifs rather than sequences. Activity and biotransformation analyses confirmed that most tested enzymes preferred NADH as the cofactor when acting on imines and carbonyl compounds. Structural and mutagenesis analysis of enzyme-cofactor complexes provided insights into the molecular mechanism and binding conformation underpinning the preference for NADH. This study introduces a motif-based bioinformatics strategy for enzyme discovery, expands the repertoire of IREDs for amine synthesis, and broadens their application range in biosynthesis and chemical synthesis.","PeriodicalId":268,"journal":{"name":"Chem","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147524525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Out-of-equilibrium sensing with a chemically fueled molecular machine 用化学燃料分子机器进行非平衡传感
IF 23.5 1区 化学
Chem Pub Date : 2026-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2026.102960
Maria-Carmen Temian, Benjamin M.W. Roberts, Stefan Borsley, Flavio della Sala, Zoe Ashbridge, David A. Leigh
{"title":"Out-of-equilibrium sensing with a chemically fueled molecular machine","authors":"Maria-Carmen Temian, Benjamin M.W. Roberts, Stefan Borsley, Flavio della Sala, Zoe Ashbridge, David A. Leigh","doi":"10.1016/j.chempr.2026.102960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2026.102960","url":null,"abstract":"Adaptive sensing underpins many biological processes. We present a strategy for artificial sensors that exploits the heightened responsiveness possible with out-of-equilibrium systems. We incorporate a Zn(II) allosteric binding site into a chemically fueled rotaxane information ratchet that catalyzes diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC) hydration. Zn(II) coordination shifts the macrocycle distribution on the rotaxane axle, and this redistribution changes the catalytic rate of fuel-to-waste conversion. This couples Zn(II) binding to the nonequilibrium steady-state (NESS) macrocycle distribution produced by catalysis. As a result, the rate of catalysis can be used to measure the concentration of Zn(II) over a range that is inaccessible to titration experiments carried out at equilibrium. The strategy may prove useful for developing broad-range sensors that function through chemically fueled adaptive sensing.","PeriodicalId":268,"journal":{"name":"Chem","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147519116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Synthetic amino acids for programming adaptive response in pyrazolate peptide frameworks 吡唑酸肽框架中编程适应性反应的合成氨基酸
IF 23.5 1区 化学
Chem Pub Date : 2026-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2026.102992
Víctor Carratalá, Alechania Misturini, Moussa D. Faye Diouf, Rebecca Vismara, Alejandro Lamas, Mauro Gemmi, Natalia M. Padial, Carlos Martí-Gastaldo
{"title":"Synthetic amino acids for programming adaptive response in pyrazolate peptide frameworks","authors":"Víctor Carratalá, Alechania Misturini, Moussa D. Faye Diouf, Rebecca Vismara, Alejandro Lamas, Mauro Gemmi, Natalia M. Padial, Carlos Martí-Gastaldo","doi":"10.1016/j.chempr.2026.102992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2026.102992","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving chemical stability and conformational flexibility within adaptive porous materials built from peptide bonds and amino acid chemistry remains a significant challenge in framework design. Here, we introduce an alternative synthetic platform that employs bispyrazolate amino acid dipeptides, enabling the integration of short, conformationally flexible peptides into pyrazolate frameworks built from rigid rod-type [Zn(<em>μ</em><sub><em>2</em></sub>-Pz)<sub>2</sub>] secondary building units. The nature of the amino acid side chain dictates both the dimensionality and the adaptive response of the resulting frameworks, allowing the controlled assembly of either three-dimensional (MUV-A) or layered two-dimensional (MUV-F and MUV-Y) architectures. Solvent-induced transformations reveal a continuum of dynamic responses, ranging from highly flexible reopening in MUV-A to solvent-selective switching in MUV-Y, governed by the interplay between backbone conformational freedom and host-guest interactions. This work establishes a general synthetic platform to program the dynamic behavior of chemically robust peptide-based frameworks, bridging reticular design with programmable adaptive porosity.","PeriodicalId":268,"journal":{"name":"Chem","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147507694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fabrication of corrugated halogen 2D metal-organic frameworks by means of F···Au coordination 利用F···Au配位制备波纹卤素二维金属有机骨架
IF 23.5 1区 化学
Chem Pub Date : 2026-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2026.102967
Jorge Labella, Adriana E. Candia, Jonas Björk, Tomás Torres, Jorge Lobo-Checa
{"title":"Fabrication of corrugated halogen 2D metal-organic frameworks by means of F···Au coordination","authors":"Jorge Labella, Adriana E. Candia, Jonas Björk, Tomás Torres, Jorge Lobo-Checa","doi":"10.1016/j.chempr.2026.102967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2026.102967","url":null,"abstract":"Halogens have generally been discarded in the design of two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks (2D MOFs) due to their weak coordination ability. Here, this gap is closed by depositing bowl-shaped molecules on Au(111) under ultra-high-vacuum conditions to produce a monodomain, extended, and periodic halogen 2D MOF. By means of high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy, two distinct molecular arrangements formed at room temperature are disclosed, the first revealing a compact phase (kinetic product) and the second forming a porous, chiral phase comprising hexameric units via F···Au coordination (thermodynamic product). Notably, annealing to 470 K yields an ordered 2D MOF, in which native Au adatoms coordinate with six fluorine atoms. Bond-resolved atomic force microscopy confirms a non-planar geometry induced by the bowl-shaped precursors. Despite this corrugation and unconventional coordination, scanning tunneling spectroscopy and theoretical calculations reveal electronic conjugation. Altogether, this work introduces new concepts for the design of non-planar yet electronically conjugated 2D nanostructures.","PeriodicalId":268,"journal":{"name":"Chem","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147524524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Zeolite-based catalysts for methane conversion: Challenges and opportunities 基于沸石的甲烷转化催化剂:挑战与机遇
IF 23.5 1区 化学
Chem Pub Date : 2026-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2026.102986
Feng Li, Yuan Fang, Yaqi Lai, Liang Wang, Xiangju Meng, Feng-Shou Xiao
{"title":"Zeolite-based catalysts for methane conversion: Challenges and opportunities","authors":"Feng Li, Yuan Fang, Yaqi Lai, Liang Wang, Xiangju Meng, Feng-Shou Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.chempr.2026.102986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2026.102986","url":null,"abstract":"The strong growth in the consumption of natural gas is mainly due to its use as a fuel for energy and as a feedstock for industrial processes because it is a cleaner source than coal and oil. Because of this feature, there have been great efforts for the development of efficient technologies for methane conversion for a long time. The fundamental challenges for methane conversion are its stable molecular architecture—with the strongest known C–H bonds—and its lower activation energy than any molecular product of methane. Recently, zeolite-based catalysts with unique features of selective adsorption, precise assembly of active sites, and controllable composition have garnered considerable attention for methane conversions, such as methane dehydroaromatization (MDA), dry reforming of methane (DRM), partial oxidation of methane, complete oxidation of methane, and the selective catalytic reduction of NO<sub><em>x</em></sub> (CH<sub>4</sub>-SCR). This perspective briefly summarizes recent results from methane conversions, provides a couple examples of efficient methane conversion, and proposes the challenges and opportunities over zeolite-based catalysts, which should be helpful for the comprehensive utilization of methane and carbon neutrality in the future.","PeriodicalId":268,"journal":{"name":"Chem","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147507697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Cation Shuffle: Interplay of silylium, carbenium, and arenium ions in superelectrophile catalysis 阳离子洗牌:超亲电催化中硅、碳和arenium离子的相互作用
IF 23.5 1区 化学
Chem Pub Date : 2026-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2026.102959
Tobias Randt, Hendrik F.T. Klare, Martin Oestreich
{"title":"The Cation Shuffle: Interplay of silylium, carbenium, and arenium ions in superelectrophile catalysis","authors":"Tobias Randt, Hendrik F.T. Klare, Martin Oestreich","doi":"10.1016/j.chempr.2026.102959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2026.102959","url":null,"abstract":"Neutral main-group Lewis acids are established catalysts for a broad range of transformations in synthetic chemistry. Cationic versions thereof have become accessible with the advent of weakly coordinating anions (WCAs), also enabling the isolation of highly Lewis acidic intermediates. One such example is the family of tetravalent silicon cations often called silylium ions. Despite their stabilization by these counteranions or by an arene solvent, these fleeting intermediates are nevertheless characterized by an exceptionally high Lewis acidity. Their inherent halophilic nature equips them with the ability to activate even the most inert carbon–halogen bonds, thereby generating various reactive intermediates, such as carbenium ions and super Brønsted acidic Wheland complexes. In this perspective, our aim is to introduce the concept of <em>The Cation Shuffle</em>, where an interplay between silylium ions, carbenium ions, and Brønsted acidic arenium ions can be turned into meaningful chemical transformations. The underlying mechanisms of recently reported reactions will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":268,"journal":{"name":"Chem","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147490075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信
小红书