{"title":"The influence of atmospheric pressure on the space charge of multilayered epoxy: a study using the thermal step method and the thermally stimulated discharge currents technique","authors":"S. Malrieu, J. Castellon","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1999.804601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1999.804601","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the authors study the part played by the atmospheric pressure upon the space charge of a multilayered epoxy used in power electronics. The samples were then subjected to high electric fields (7.3 kV/mm) at -30/spl deg/C, 25/spl deg/C and 125/spl deg/C with 27 mbar, 400 mbar, 1 bar atmospheric pressure. Periodically, space charge measurements were made using the thermal step method. The measurements were correlated with thermally stimulated discharge currents experiments, which give the energy levels and the density of the traps. The results prove that the atmospheric pressure acts on the space charge amplitude (whatever the temperature may be -30/spl deg/C, 25/spl deg/C or 125/spl deg/C).","PeriodicalId":267509,"journal":{"name":"1999 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (Cat. No.99CH36319)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126964364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Morphology and the electro-mechanical breakdown model in polyethylene","authors":"G. Greenway, A. Vaughan, S. Moody","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1999.807893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1999.807893","url":null,"abstract":"The composition and crystallisation conditions of binary HDPE/LDPE polyethylene blends have been used as tools for morphological control. In particular, crystallinity has become an independent variable free from the effects of segregated low molecular weight material. Blends with an extensive, space-filling spherulitic morphology are shown to have high breakdown strengths, this is discussed with reference to the electro-mechanical breakdown model. Self-seeding techniques and the addition of dibenzylidene sorbitol as a nucleating agent have been used to induce increased nucleation densities and orientation. No deleterious effects on breakdown strength are observed.","PeriodicalId":267509,"journal":{"name":"1999 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (Cat. No.99CH36319)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127722746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measurements of electric current through a liquid-air interface in corona discharge","authors":"F. Vega, A.T. Perez","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1999.807930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1999.807930","url":null,"abstract":"Corona discharge from a point provides an ion source and can induce electrohydrodynamic (EHD) instabilities on layers of dielectric liquids. A first instability is associated with the classical EHD instability of a layer of insulating liquid subjected to unipolar injection. A second instability, referred to as rose-window, is characterized by larger cells and appears also in ohmic liquids. The electric current through the liquid is an important variable in the study of the instabilities that appear on the layer. We have measured the electric current for different liquids, as a function of the thickness of the layer, the height of the point, and the imposed voltage.","PeriodicalId":267509,"journal":{"name":"1999 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (Cat. No.99CH36319)","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126850766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Montanari, D. Fabiani, L. Bencivenni, B. Garros, C. Audry
{"title":"Space-charge and conduction-current measurements for the evaluation of aging of insulating materials for DC applications","authors":"G. Montanari, D. Fabiani, L. Bencivenni, B. Garros, C. Audry","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1999.804587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1999.804587","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the measurement of charging current and space charges as the tool to obtain early indications of aging occurring in XLPE specimens under DC electrical stress. A sample of flat specimens was subjected to DC electrical field of 45 kV/mm under vacuum, at room temperature. For 1700 hours. At different aging times, some specimens were removed from the aging cell and measurements of the above-mentioned properties performed, with the main aim to investigate for electrical threshold evolution with time. The threshold was inferred by space charge observations and conduction current measurements, performed at different values of electrical field and room temperature. Moreover, microstructural investigation was carried out by small-angle X-ray scattering, SAXS, technique. It is shown that the electrical threshold is a sensitive indicator of aging, decreasing as stress time increases and displaying variations after times several order of magnitude lower than the expected insulation life. Likewise, SAXS measurements provide indication of sub-microcavity length variation with aging time.","PeriodicalId":267509,"journal":{"name":"1999 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (Cat. No.99CH36319)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121248287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recovery voltage measurements on XLPE cables","authors":"P. Morshuis, H. J. V. Breen, J. Smit, G. Urbani","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1999.807869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1999.807869","url":null,"abstract":"The dielectric response provides information on the physical and chemical structure of a material. For aging processes that affect physically and/or chemically insulating materials, the change in polarization phenomena can be exploited to monitor insulation degradation. One economic way for estimation of the dielectric response are recovery voltage measurements (RVM). Originally, recovery voltage measurements have been used to assess the depolymerization of the paper insulation in transformers. In this paper, it is discussed to what extent RVM can be applied to evaluate the condition of XLPE cables. An adoption of the common RVM test circuit is presented in order to ensure reproducible and meaningful results. Two models have been developed to explain the RVM spectra obtained from unaged cables and a cable containing water trees.","PeriodicalId":267509,"journal":{"name":"1999 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (Cat. No.99CH36319)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121828273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Nakano, A. Maeda, H. Furuhashi, T. Yoshikawa, Y. Uchida, K. Kojima, A. Ohashi, S. Ochiai, M. Ieda, T. Mizutani
{"title":"Third harmonic generation of soluble vanadyl-phthalocyanine doped in polymer film","authors":"H. Nakano, A. Maeda, H. Furuhashi, T. Yoshikawa, Y. Uchida, K. Kojima, A. Ohashi, S. Ochiai, M. Ieda, T. Mizutani","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1999.804591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1999.804591","url":null,"abstract":"The third-order optical susceptibilities of PMMA thin films doped with soluble vanadyl-phthalocyanine derivatives ((t-Bu)/sub n/VOPc) were studied by Maker fringe method. We intended to control the molecular packing of VOPc in PMMA in order to improve third-order optical susceptibility (/spl chi//sup (3)/). For this purpose we selected soluble /sub n/VOPc derivatives and obtained a packing structure similar to the phase II of VOPc thin film. Packing control of the phthalocyanine molecules was carried out by exposing PMMA films to organic solvent vapour. PMMA thin films doped with (t-Bu)/sub 4/VOPc, (t-Bu)/sub 1.45/VOPc and (t-Bu)/sub 1.44/VOPc were treated with dichloroethane vapour in a desiccator at room temperature. The intensity of THG are in the order of (t-Bu)/sub 1.45/VOfc/PMMA>(t-Bu)/sub 1.44/VOPc/PMMA>VOPc(t-Bu)/sub 4/VOPc/PMMA. This means that the hyperpolarisability of (t-Bu)/sub n/VOPc molecule depends upon a number of tert-butyl radicals. The third-order optical susceptibility (/spl chi//sup (3)/) was estimated for (t-Bu)/sub 1.45/VOPc/PMMA. Its value was about 7/spl times/10/sup -12/ esu. This technique is useful to make optical waveguide.","PeriodicalId":267509,"journal":{"name":"1999 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (Cat. No.99CH36319)","volume":"672 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116103888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PD measurements in N/sub 2/-SF/sub 6/ gas mixtures","authors":"G. Schoffner, W. Boeck, F. Messerer, L. Michalik","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1999.804662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1999.804662","url":null,"abstract":"For the detection of partial discharges in SF/sub 6/ insulated switchgear several methods have been developed. Before applying these techniques in apparatus which apply N/sub 2/-SF/sub 6/ gas mixtures for insulation purposes it has to be investigated whether the discharge processes in the mixtures make their application possible. Therefore PD measurements with different defects, gas mixtures, gas pressures and PD measurement techniques have been carried out.","PeriodicalId":267509,"journal":{"name":"1999 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (Cat. No.99CH36319)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117096005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Itou, T. Nakiri, F. Zong-Huai, T. Takahashi, J. Suzuki, H. Miyata
{"title":"Electroluminescence in additive-contained low density polyethylene","authors":"T. Itou, T. Nakiri, F. Zong-Huai, T. Takahashi, J. Suzuki, H. Miyata","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1999.807874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1999.807874","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, using the block samples with needle-plane electrode system, the influence of additives such as cross-linking byproducts, dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and antioxidants (AO) on the electroluminescence (EL) inception voltage and emission intensity in LDPE-based materials was investigated and analysed. It was found that (1) cross-linking byproducts increase the EL intensity, but can not change the EL inception voltage; (2) DCP decreases the EL inception voltage, but increases the EL intensity; (3) the EL inception voltage of AO-added LDPE samples is higher than that of AO-free ones, whereas their EL intensity is much smaller than that of the AO-free ones.","PeriodicalId":267509,"journal":{"name":"1999 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (Cat. No.99CH36319)","volume":"333 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115459214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Corona-discharge-induced hydrophobicity loss and recovery of silicones","authors":"J. Kim, M. Chaudhury","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1999.807902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1999.807902","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of corona discharge on the hydrophobicity of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) used as high-voltage (HV) insulation and the subsequent recovery of hydrophobicity when exposure ceases is now a well-known phenomenon. Surface characterization studies have established that corona exposure in the laboratory forms a brittle, wettable, very thin silica-like layer on the surface of most PDMS elastomers, consistent with similar effects from radio-frequency plasma treatments. However, there is still considerable debate regarding the relative importance of the two major hydrophobic recovery mechanisms postulated, diffusion of low molecular weight (LMW) material and reorientation or overturn of treated chains in the surface region. This study used extracted PDMS and also PDMS with deliberately added LMW PDMS fluid. Contact angle and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to assess the effect of corona discharge voltage variation and aging at different temperatures. In all cases the familiar highly cross-linked silica-like layer is formed. Such a structure cannot readily reorient between hydrophilic and hydrophobic states implying that diffusion of LMW components is the key mechanism of hydrophobic recovery. These latest studies of PDMS systems, solvent extracted to be free of diffusible species, also shows hydrophobic recovery suggesting that LMW PDMS might be produced in-situ by depolymerization.","PeriodicalId":267509,"journal":{"name":"1999 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (Cat. No.99CH36319)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115355062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Agnel, P. Notingher, A. Toureille, J. Castellon, S. Malrieu
{"title":"Study of space charge dynamics directly on power cables using the thermal step method","authors":"S. Agnel, P. Notingher, A. Toureille, J. Castellon, S. Malrieu","doi":"10.1109/CEIDP.1999.804590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CEIDP.1999.804590","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, many studies concerned with space charge have been performed on slabs and films made of materials for power cables. The structure of a cable and the distributions of the electrical and thermal stresses in the cable are different from a plaque-type sample. The thermal step method for space charge measurements (TSM) is directly applicable both to plaque-type samples and to insulating components of various geometries, with thicknesses up to 20 mm (cables, electrical machines windings, circuit boards, capacitor films). This work presents applications of the TSM to power cables. By using two different techniques of applying the thermal step (outer cooling and inner heating), we study the appearance and the evolution of the space charge within cable insulation as well as the effect of the manufacturing process on the radial and angular symmetry of a high voltage cable.","PeriodicalId":267509,"journal":{"name":"1999 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (Cat. No.99CH36319)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115763887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}