2011 Integrated Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance Conference Proceedings最新文献

{"title":"FIS-B service tiering and recommended avionics processing algorithms","authors":"P. Freeman, Michael A. Garcia, Ralph Smith","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935268","url":null,"abstract":"Flight Information System — Broadcast (FIS-B) is one of the services provided by ITT's Surveillance and Broadcast Services System (SBSS) under contract to the FAA. This paper describes the technical details of a tiered service structure which has been implemented to provide a more efficient usage of bandwidth available to the FIS-B service over the UAT RF frequency. The paper begins with a background description of the FIS-B service implementation and the bandwidth constraints of the UAT RF frequency. Succeeding sections describe the FIS-B tiering concepts and motivations, Service Volume design examples, predicted airspace coverage, an implementation and testing schedule, description of the impact to existing UAT avionics/displays, recommended algorithms for airborne processing of FIS-B data, and a summary description of a sample FIS-B data set.","PeriodicalId":263977,"journal":{"name":"2011 Integrated Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance Conference Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128516412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of magnetic variation and station declination for heading (VX) and course (CX) leg types","authors":"M. Cramer, A. Herndon, Sam Miller","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935359","url":null,"abstract":"Leg types, also known as path terminators, are used in aircraft navigation to define paths as routes for RNAV equipped aircraft. Many leg types are specifically defined to cause the Area Navigation (RNAV) system to emulate the actions that an aircrew would take when flying the route manually based on the text and other depictions on the chart. Some emulate magnetic headings or courses, which, for various reasons, can lead to differences between what the procedure designer intended and what the RNAV system displays or flies. Two in particular are in common use individually and in combination, and this paper will explore the potential for unexpected differences in the resulting paths. These two are the heading type (Vx) which may be used where the procedure or airspace designer calls for a heading to some type of termination, and the Course type (Cx) which may be used where designers wish to fix the aircraft path over the ground using a course defined by a navigational aid (NAVAID). Issues arise because of the need to implement magnetic courses and headings in an RNAV system that navigates in a true north reference frame. Given that the Earth's magnetic field orientation varies with location on the Earth (hence true north and magnetic north change relative to each other), changes with time, and that NAVAIDS and runways are marked/oriented in the magnetic reference frame of the time they are surveyed, care must be taken to make the RNAV system emulate the procedure intent; this paper will describe and summarize those cautions and issues.","PeriodicalId":263977,"journal":{"name":"2011 Integrated Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance Conference Proceedings","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134474072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SystemwideModeler: A fast-time simulation of the NAS","authors":"William A. Baden, David J. Bodoh, Ashley G. Williams, P. Kuzminski","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935275","url":null,"abstract":"The National Airspace System (NAS) is a complex network of air transportation resources that serves tens of thousands of flights every day. The Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) is intended to improve the performance of the NAS. To evaluate the aggregate and network effects of growing demand and NextGen improvements, analysts often use fast-time simulation models of NAS operations. Developed by the MITRE Corporation, systemwideModeler simulates the progress and interactions of flights as they use hundreds of airports and airspace sectors. Capacity-constrained resources such as airports or en route sectors anticipate congestion and react by constraining when and how flights use them. Constraints are respected via delay absorption, rerouting, airframe reassignment, and cancellations. Resource models can be summoned as needed to best represent the scenario of interest. This paper describes the use and design of systemwideModeler, explains how key component models work to represent airport congestion management, en route congestion management, and fleet management, and identifies ongoing research activities.","PeriodicalId":263977,"journal":{"name":"2011 Integrated Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance Conference Proceedings","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116149900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using real-time aircraft reports of wind and environmental parameters to enable dynamic cockpit-based wake tools","authors":"Arthur P. Smith","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935355","url":null,"abstract":"The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is implementing the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) in the U.S. National Airspace System (NAS). The MITRE Corporation's Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (MITRE/CAASD) is supporting the FAA in this mission, and conducts research activities that assist the FAA in leveraging emerging aircraft capabilities. A key area of research is evaluating the feasibility of delegating longitudinal (i.e., in-trail) aircraft spacing to pilots even during low visibility conditions. Longitudinal spacing is needed for avoiding collisions but also for wake turbulence avoidance. As longitudinal spacing is delegated to the flight crew, flight deck-based wake tools are needed to support the task. The pilots need to increase their situational awareness not only of the nearby aircraft but of the wakes that these aircraft produce. The current spacing provided by controllers is dictated by conservative assumptions regarding wake turbulence propagation. Wake turbulence is influenced by the characteristics of the aircraft that produced it as well as winds and other atmospheric conditions. This information could conceivably be transmitted by each aircraft as it enters various phases of flight, such as the approach to an airport. A trailing aircraft could then use this information to construct a picture of the probable location of the wake which would increase the pilot's situational awareness of the wake. To make a realistic assessment of the location and strength of a wake vortex, real-time weather information needs to be known in the vicinity of the aircraft producing the wake. This paper addresses the quality of that information and how any uncertainty in this information will affect the estimate of the location and strength of wake using current wake dynamics estimating programs that could be used on an aircraft. There are systems currently on aircraft that transmit precisely this information to the ground. In the United States there are several airlines that participate in the Meteorological Data Collection and Reporting System (MDCRS) run by ARINC for the airlines. This data has been archived by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) since 2001. Using this data, we have found that there is uncertainty in wind and other atmospheric parameters, even in the approach phase of flight, over a short span of time. Using these results, we show the uncertainty in the wake positions and discuss the implications for using this information for cockpit visualization tools.","PeriodicalId":263977,"journal":{"name":"2011 Integrated Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance Conference Proceedings","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125215186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"US and European interoperability in the aviation domain","authors":"S. Ayhan, P. Comitz, D. Sweet, M. Vilaplana, Nicolas Peña Ortiz, D'Auria Giu Liano, D. Di Crescenzo, S. Bliesner, Sean Walden, Edgar Vanlieshout, Travis Reid","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935271","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the work that was done by Boeing Advanced Air Traffic Management (AATM), Boeing Research & Technology Europe (BR&TE), Selex Sistemi Integrati, and Boeing Networked Systems Technology (NST) on the European Commission SWIM-SUIT Interoperability project. This work was sponsored by the European Commission and the US FAA. The goal of this project was the implementation and demonstration of SOA compliant mediation and distribution services for the exchange of live surveillance, flight plans, and flight objects between US and European aviation systems. The mediation service provided transformation between flight data defined by ASDI, ERAM and ICOG schemas. The Surveillance data was represented using FAA and Eurocontrol schemas. In addition to operational capabilities, this work featured the use of an improved distributed messaging technology developed by IBM known as Responsive, Reliable, Real-Time (R3) messaging. R3 messaging provides deterministic Quality of Service (QoS) overlays for use in a federated Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) environment. In addition to the R3 technology, the project featured the use of Mashups. Mashups provide the capability for a user to dynamically combine data and services in user specified configurations, resulting in user defined lightweight network-enabled applications. This paper shows how the mediation, distribution, and messaging services were implemented, example results, and how this work could be leveraged to facilitate US and European interoperability in the aviation domain.","PeriodicalId":263977,"journal":{"name":"2011 Integrated Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance Conference Proceedings","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128951048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rule-based NOTAM & Weather notification","authors":"N. Zimmer, J. Schiefele, Keyvan Bayram, Theo Hankers, Sebastian Frank, T. Feuerle","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935352","url":null,"abstract":"Today, commercial airline pilots need to consider various sources of information during flight operation. The documentation is both available on paper or within a digital medium. The extensive amount of information is neither prioritized nor filtered, and therefore lead to information overflow. The consideration of all relevant information from the various sources is performed without electronic support and may potentially lead to misinterpretation of the context. It is also challenging to merge and evaluate all delivered information regarding specific phases of flight as well as unforeseen adversarial scenarios. Jeppesen, integrator for world wide aeronautical information and provider for airborne and ground systems such as Electronic Flight Bags (EFB) and dispatch systems, and Technische Universität Braunschweig, with its Institute for Flight Guidance, have jointly developed a rule-based weather and NOTAM notification system. In order to develop a cockpit notification system, a generic data format has been established that copes with all necessary message types used in commercial and general aviation. The paper discusses the rules and definitions required for the implementation of the concepts described above. It presents possible solutions for the integration into the airline cockpit workflow with the following key objectives: • Development of a concept of business rules for the Rule Based NOTAM and Weather Notification System • Connection of real-time NOTAM and weather source data to a data-driven EFB charting application to apply the business rules • Depiction of relevant NOTAM and weather information as notification to the pilots.","PeriodicalId":263977,"journal":{"name":"2011 Integrated Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance Conference Proceedings","volume":"218 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132332274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and simulation of a ground based sense and avoid architecture for Unmanned Aircraft System operations","authors":"K. Noth","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935356","url":null,"abstract":"The safe operation of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in the National Airspace System (NAS) requires a capability to sense and avoid other airborne targets. One solution is a Ground Based Sense and Avoid (GBSAA) concept, in which available radar surveillance information is fused in a specially tuned tracking system and provided to a ground observer and pilot through a UAS-centric display. Our current research focuses on assessing system performance for detecting pop-up, non-cooperative (non-transponding) airborne intruders. Detection and tracking of a new target depends on site-specific radar coverage performance and tracker filtering and initiation logic. Appropriate radar and tracking models enable simulation studies for assessing system performance in satisfying necessary sense and avoid functional requirements. This information will help identify needed changes in radar and tracking systems, modifications to the GBSAA concept of operation, and mission planning. Ultimately, a quantitative assessment of the GBSAA surveillance capabilities in detecting and tracking non-cooperative intruders will define where UAS can be safely operated in the NAS.","PeriodicalId":263977,"journal":{"name":"2011 Integrated Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance Conference Proceedings","volume":"43 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113988009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OFDM based data link for the DLR research aircraft ATRA","authors":"N. Schneckenburger, C. Klein, M. Schnell","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935261","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the new broadband data link radio (B-DLR), developed for the German Aerospace Center (DLR) research aircraft is presented. The link shares strong similarities with the L-band communication system L-DACS1, also partly developed at DLR. The paper presents details concerning both the design and implementation of B-DLR. This includes a description of the physical layer as well as all protocol functionalities implemented in B-DLR in a single upper layer. Additionally, details about the requirements on the hardware and software necessary in order to set up a bi-directional data transmission in real time are given.","PeriodicalId":263977,"journal":{"name":"2011 Integrated Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance Conference Proceedings","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116826797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using an equilibrium model to forecast airline behavior in response to economic or regulatory changes","authors":"J. Ferguson, K. Hoffman, L. Sherry, G. Donohue, Abdul Kara, Rosa M. Oseguera-Lohr","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935339","url":null,"abstract":"Government and industry are exploring approaches, such as technology (e.g. SESAR/NextGen) and market-based methods, to address the pervasive delays in the air transportation system. Resistance to some of the proposed market-based strategies are based on uncertainties of the societal and economic outcomes; specifically, there is a concern that fewer markets might be served, that service within existing markets might be decreased, that airfares might rise significantly and that airline profitability will suffer. This paper describes a comparison of the behavior of the air transportation system (e.g. markets served, airfares, delays, load factors, aircraft size) during the recent run-up in fuel prices at capacity-limited New York airports and non-slot controlled San Francisco and Philadelphia airports. The results of the modeled airline behavior shows: i. Airfares change in proportion to changes in fuel prices. ii. Flights per day and markets served change in proportion to changes in airport capacity limits. iii. Average aircraft size changes in proportion to changes in airfares, number of markets served, and number of flights per day. iv. Airline profitability changes in proportion to flights per day, airfares, and average aircraft size. The implications of these results are discussed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":263977,"journal":{"name":"2011 Integrated Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance Conference Proceedings","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123294844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agentfly: NAS-wide simulation framework integrating algorithms for automated collision avoidance","authors":"D. Sislák, P. Volf, Stepán Kopriva, M. Pechoucek","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935278","url":null,"abstract":"AgentFly is a software prototype providing a distributed architecture for large-scale NAS-wide simulation implemented as a multi-agent system. AgentFly is implemented on top of the Aglobe [1] platform which is both an implementation framework and a runtime engine for custom agents. It was selected over possible alternatives (e.g. JADE [2]) for its outstanding performance and scalability supporting seamless interaction among heterogeneous software, hardware and human actors. AgentFly system has been developed for over five years. It was initially built f or simulation-based validation and comparison of various approaches for autonomous collision avoidance algorithms adopting the free-flight concept. Later, AgentFly has been extended with high-level control algorithms providing tactical control — i.e. coordination of several autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). The same agents and algorithms integrated in AgentFly simulation are also deployed on real UAV platforms. Besides this UAV-related application, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) supports the application of the AgentFly system for simulation and evaluation of the future civilian air-traffic management system. AgentFly has been extended with high-fidelity computational models of civilian airplanes and a parallelization concept integrating dynamic load-balancing. The parallelized approach of AgentFly has been validated in simulation using data of a full civilian air-traffic touching NAS. Nowadays, AgentFly is being extended so that it provides a simulation of ATC functions for the NEXTGEN concept validation. There are being integrated ATC & NAS automation agents which are used to simulate human operation in ATM.","PeriodicalId":263977,"journal":{"name":"2011 Integrated Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance Conference Proceedings","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125356632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}