Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X最新文献_第9页

Molecular imprinting and nanomaterial synergy for lactate detection 乳酸检测的分子印迹和纳米材料协同作用

IF 10.61

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100659

Christopher Animashaun , Gymama Slaughter

{"title":"Molecular imprinting and nanomaterial synergy for lactate detection","authors":"Christopher Animashaun , Gymama Slaughter","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based electrochemical sensors have emerged as promising non-enzymatic platforms for the selective and stable detection of clinically and environmentally relevant biomarkers. This review provides a critical, comprehensive analysis of recent advances in MIP-based lactate sensing, with particular emphasis on hybrid systems that integrate conductive nanomaterials including gold and silver nanoparticles, laser-induced graphene, and reduced graphene oxide. These synergistic combinations leverage enhanced surface area, electrical conductivity, and molecular recognition to improve sensor sensitivity, selectivity, and long-term operational stability. Key fabrication strategies, such as electropolymerization, green nanomaterial synthesis, and surface imprinting, are critically examined for their roles in optimizing imprinting sensitivity and electron transfer efficiency. Application areas span real-time lactate monitoring in wearable health devices to environmental surveillance in complex matrices. Despite significant progress, challenges related to reproducibility, template removal efficiency, fouling resistance, and scalable manufacturing persist. The review concludes by outlining future directions, including integration into flexible and paper-based platforms, and the development of smart, implantable systems. With continued innovation, MIP-based lactate sensors are poised to become essential components in next-generation point-of-care diagnostics and environmental monitoring technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100659"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Smartphone-based colorimetric detection of urinary glucose using a novel green and red/green approach 基于智能手机的尿葡萄糖比色检测，采用一种新颖的绿色和红/绿方法

IF 10.61

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100650

Tileshwar Sahare, Simran Rana, Badri Narayana Sahoo, Milan Khanda, Abhijeet Joshi

{"title":"Smartphone-based colorimetric detection of urinary glucose using a novel green and red/green approach","authors":"Tileshwar Sahare, Simran Rana, Badri Narayana Sahoo, Milan Khanda, Abhijeet Joshi","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urine dipsticks are commonly used to detect pathological changes in urine due to their low cost and easy operation, having glucose parameter to detect glucosuria. Despite their advantages, the urine dipstick is ineffective in the early detection of diabetes due to its limitations in the detection of glucose below 100 mg/dl. Here, we present a novel, cost-effective ambient ring light-based smartphone platform to accurately estimate urinary glucose concentrations in lower points utilizing glucose sensors obtained from commercially available urine dipsticks (Mission® and Recombigen™). Glucose sensors changed color from green to brown with the increasing glucose concentration, resulting in a response time of 5 min. In this study, smartphone was used to capture images and analyze Red-Green-Blue (RGB) profiles, extracted with the help of an open-source smartphone-android-based Color Picker app. G intensity was determined to be inversely proportional and R/G intensity to be directly proportional to the increasing glucose concentration. LOD was found to be 6.2 and 24 mg/dl for Mission® glucose sensors with G and R/G respectively. On the other hand, Recombigen™ dipstick glucose sensors, LOD was evaluated as 5.8 and 16 mg/dl with G and R/G respectively. This smartphone-based assessment of glucose using dipsticks can be beneficial in the current screening and diagnostics sector of earlier detection of glucose in urine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100650"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A smart hip implant with embedded multidirectional sensing and wireless load monitoring for enhanced orthopedic care 一种内置多向传感和无线负荷监测的智能髋关节植入物，用于增强骨科护理

IF 10.61

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100648

Leila Donyaparastlivari, Alwathiqbellah Ibrahim

{"title":"A smart hip implant with embedded multidirectional sensing and wireless load monitoring for enhanced orthopedic care","authors":"Leila Donyaparastlivari, Alwathiqbellah Ibrahim","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the development, integration, and experimental validation of a smart total hip replacement (THR) system that combines piezoelectric load sensing, energy harvesting, and wireless data transmission. The implant incorporates seven piezoelectric sensors embedded within the femoral head, strategically positioned using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to identify high-strain contact zones during gait. A customized cam-driven benchtop setup simulated cyclic loading at walking (2 Hz), jogging (3 Hz), and running (4 Hz) frequencies to evaluate the sensor system under physiologically relevant conditions. The results confirmed the implant’s ability to capture localized load variations with high spatial fidelity and repeatability, as sensor output correlated strongly with applied force across dynamic trials. RMS voltage-load profiles and calibration curves were established, enabling accurate quantification of transmitted joint forces. Additionally, the harvested signals demonstrated sufficient power output for wireless communication and potential onboard functionality, positioning the device as a self-sustained biomechanical monitor. This multifunctional platform represents a significant advancement in orthopedic implant technology, offering real-time, in vivo assessment of implant loading to support personalized rehabilitation strategies, early failure detection, and long-term postoperative care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100648"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

β-Cyclodextrin-conjugated butein as a selective electrochemical molecular trafficking system for bilastine β-环糊精共轭丁蛋白作为胆碱的选择性电化学分子运输系统

IF 10.61

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100647

Ramya Kanagaraj , Shanmugam SenthilKumar , Gururaja Perumal Pazhani , Murugan Veerapandian

引用次数: 0

Digital sensing technologies in cancer care: A new era in early detection and personalized diagnosis 数字传感技术在癌症治疗：早期检测和个性化诊断的新时代

IF 10.61

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100651

Muge Yucel , Ahmet Önder , Tolunay Kurt , Berfin Keles , Merve Beyaz , Yaren Karadağ , İrem Yaşyerli , A. Irem Celik , Fatih Sema , Senem Tetik , Sanem Dinçkal , Soner Karabacak , Palaniappan Alagappan , Bo Liedberg , Umit Hakan Yildiz

{"title":"Digital sensing technologies in cancer care: A new era in early detection and personalized diagnosis","authors":"Muge Yucel , Ahmet Önder , Tolunay Kurt , Berfin Keles , Merve Beyaz , Yaren Karadağ , İrem Yaşyerli , A. Irem Celik , Fatih Sema , Senem Tetik , Sanem Dinçkal , Soner Karabacak , Palaniappan Alagappan , Bo Liedberg , Umit Hakan Yildiz","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Digital sensor platforms are systems that integrate sensors with digital technology, which revolutionize data collection, processing, and transmission for enabling real-time, high-precision and automated diagnostics. These platforms often serve as the backbone of modern monitoring systems, enabling real-time data acquisition and analysis for a wide range of applications. Recent advancements in digital sensor platforms have paved the way for transformative innovations in cancer diagnosis. These cutting-edge technologies offer unprecedented opportunities to facilitate early detection, improve diagnostic accuracy, and personalize treatment methods. This review explores the landscape of digital sensor platforms in the context of cancer diagnosis, providing an overview of their principles, functionalities, and clinical applications. The review further illustrates that biosensors, lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices and wearable sensors have leveraged on nanotechnology, biorecognition materials and artificial intelligence (AI) for revolutionizing cancer diagnosis. It consolidates the recent advances in digital sensor platforms for cancer diagnosis and the associated critical challenges, such as regulatory concerns, standardization, and ethical considerations. Further, the review summarizes the feasibility for the integration of digital sensor platforms with routine clinical practices for the development of efficient cancer diagnosis and treatment methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100651"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and analysis of a magneto-resistance-based device to mitigate risks from high magnetic field exposure 设计和分析一种基于磁电阻的装置，以减轻高磁场暴露的风险

IF 10.61

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100654

Kazi Mustafizur Rahman, Md Mushfiqur Rahman, Sadia Islam, Hasib Md Abid Bin Farid, Md Faysal Nayan

{"title":"Design and analysis of a magneto-resistance-based device to mitigate risks from high magnetic field exposure","authors":"Kazi Mustafizur Rahman, Md Mushfiqur Rahman, Sadia Islam, Hasib Md Abid Bin Farid, Md Faysal Nayan","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The motivation is to develop a device for pacemaker-implanted patients that would automatically alert them in an intense magnetic field. Moreover, the employees working near any strong magnetic environment would benefit by avoiding high exposure. This research delves into a comprehensive process for the implementation and characterization of such a wearable based on the magnetoresistance effect, which is a function of the magnetic field. The program executes on the Arduino IDE platform. Samples are taken for varying magnetic flux density along each axis, for changes in distance of 2.5 mm. The calculations take place accordingly and provide outputs in microtesla units. Subsequently, the device is analyzed by plotting the responses, and it also helps to understand the working procedure. For a certain axis, the magnetic field is generally stronger than others. The goal is to determine the highest absolute value at any instance, including the Earth's geomagnetic field of 22–67 μT. Regulatory standards are followed to divide the magnetic flux density into four states: power saver (below 150 μT), safe (150–500 μT), unsafe (500–750 μT), and danger (over 750 μT). These values consist of ±20 μT error, which is quite insignificant. Depending on the state, the novel device generates different warning signals to mitigate risk from magnetic fields. From the error bar plot, it is realized that the percentage of error decreases while calculating higher magnetic flux. The errors could be reduced remarkably by ensuring better calibration and compensation techniques in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100654"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Face-wearable integrated bioelectronics for quantitative, automated diagnosis of blepharospasm 用于定量、自动诊断眼睑痉挛的可穿戴式集成生物电子学

IF 10.61

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100677

Hojoong Kim , Hoodam Kim , Seungpyo Kang , Gamze Kilic-Berkmen , Kyoungmin Min , H.A. Jinnah , Woon-Hong Yeo

{"title":"Face-wearable integrated bioelectronics for quantitative, automated diagnosis of blepharospasm","authors":"Hojoong Kim , Hoodam Kim , Seungpyo Kang , Gamze Kilic-Berkmen , Kyoungmin Min , H.A. Jinnah , Woon-Hong Yeo","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Blepharospasm (BSP) is a neuro-ophthalmologic disorder marked by excessive blinking and involuntary contractions of the muscles around the eyes. Current standard clinical evaluations rely mainly on subjective assessments, often resulting in inconsistencies and human errors in diagnosis and severity monitoring. Here, we introduce a wireless, face-wearable, all-in-one bioelectronic system designed to continuously capture high-fidelity electrooculograms and electromyograms as a quantitative tool for diagnosing BSP. This device features soft membrane sensors and integrated circuits that ensure skin conformity, allowing for highly accurate signal detection on the face. The wearable system has been optimized in both design and functionality to detect a wide range of BSP-related issues across multiple patients, such as increased blink rates, eyelid fluttering, and prolonged eye closures. Our study shows that the normal blink frequency is similar (p = 0.546); however, the BSP group exhibits longer durations and higher amplitudes (p < 0.005). Partial blinks are more frequent and have higher amplitudes, but similar durations (p < 0.005). Long blinks are different in both frequency and duration, but not amplitude (p < 0.01). Flutter events also show group differences in frequency (p < 0.01) and duration (p < 0.005), with no amplitude difference (p = 0.168). A machine learning-based prediction model demonstrates an accuracy of 81.5 % and an F1-score of 0.814 when validated against expert-annotated video data. Overall, the combination of wireless soft bioelectronics and advanced machine learning algorithms, presented in this work, shows a first-of-a-kind approach to effectively and accurately diagnosing BSP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100677"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nanostructure modified carbon thread as wearable patch for enzymatic and non-invasive monitoring of glucose from human samples 纳米结构修饰的碳线可穿戴贴片用于人体样品中葡萄糖的酶促和无创监测

IF 10.61

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100653

Jithin Thomas Chacko , K. Niyas , Anson T. Mathew , P Abdul Rasheed

{"title":"Nanostructure modified carbon thread as wearable patch for enzymatic and non-invasive monitoring of glucose from human samples","authors":"Jithin Thomas Chacko , K. Niyas , Anson T. Mathew , P Abdul Rasheed","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional blood-based glucose detection methods are invasive, inconvenient, and unsuitable for continuous monitoring, highlighting the critical need for a non-invasive alternative. To address this urgent need, we developed a non-invasive and wearable electrochemical glucose sensor patch based on a platinum-copper (Pt-Cu) nanocomposite electrodeposited on carbon cloth thread (CCT) electrode after functionalizing with an electropolymerized polyphenol (Pphe)-glucose oxidase (GOx) film. The immobilization of GOx via the formation of a polyphenol film was done by electropolymerization of phenol in presence of GOx. The detection capability of the developed sensor was evaluated by chronoamperometry analysis and found that the sensor is able to detect glucose with wide linear detection range from 100 to 1500 μM with an ultra-low limit of detection (LOD) of 31.1 μM and 64.4 μM for artificial sweat and urine respectively. In addition, the developed sensor is found to be reproducible, repeatable and highly selective in presence of common interfering molecules present in the human samples. Furthermore, the developed sensor was seamlessly integrated into a wearable prototype device on a commercial bandage with custom made potentiostat circuit called Nanopot. The developed wearable prototype sensor system also exhibits a wide linear detection range from 300 to 1500 μM and a promising LOD of 25.8 μM. These results further validate the reliability, consistency, and practical applicability of the sensor system with a promising potential to address the urgent demand for non-invasive, painless and user-friendly diabetes management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100653"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dry-printed carbon nanotube film based electrochemical immunosensor for total testosterone detection 基于干印碳纳米管薄膜的总睾酮检测电化学免疫传感器

IF 10.61

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100660

Narender Kumar Joon, Jane Besong-Ndika, Elisa Mikkonen, Ville Rajala, Samuel Dulay, Ilkka Varjos

{"title":"Dry-printed carbon nanotube film based electrochemical immunosensor for total testosterone detection","authors":"Narender Kumar Joon, Jane Besong-Ndika, Elisa Mikkonen, Ville Rajala, Samuel Dulay, Ilkka Varjos","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Testosterone (TST), a critical hormone for male health, requires precise monitoring due to the significant adverse effects of both deficiency and excess, including reproductive dysfunction, mood alterations, and metabolic imbalances. This study reports a novel electrochemical biosensor designed for rapid and sensitive point-of-care (POC) detection of total TST in serum samples. The sensing platform utilizes a cost-effective, roll-to-roll processed carbon nanotube (CNT) film as a scaffold. To create the biorecognition layer, bovine serum albumin-testosterone conjugate (BSA TST) was uniformly immobilized into the CNT film using an automated liquid dispensing system, enabling high-throughput and reproducible sensor fabrication. The biosensor employs a competitive immunoassay principle, where TST in the sample competes with immobilized BSA TST for the binding sites of antibody against TST horse-radish peroxidase conjugate (AbHRP). Amperometry at −0.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl ink was used to monitor affinity reaction upon addition of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> with 3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) redox mediator yielding a dynamic range of 82–1080 ng/dL. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 12.7 and 82 ng/dL were achieved respectively. Validation in spiked human serum demonstrated excellent performance, with quantifiable results aligning well with the established physiological range of TST in healthy males (186–1180 ng/dL), highlighting the potential of this biosensor for clinical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100660"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A self-powered photovoltaic colorimetric detector for sensing metal ions at ultralow concentrations 用于感应超低浓度金属离子的自供电光伏比色检测器

IF 10.61

Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100674

Wan-Jhen Wu , Chia-Yu Hsu , Shang-Yu Tsai , Po-Hsien Tseng , Yu-Ting Tai , Guan-Ling Hou , Yu-Sheng Lai , Fu-Hsiang Ko

{"title":"A self-powered photovoltaic colorimetric detector for sensing metal ions at ultralow concentrations","authors":"Wan-Jhen Wu , Chia-Yu Hsu , Shang-Yu Tsai , Po-Hsien Tseng , Yu-Ting Tai , Guan-Ling Hou , Yu-Sheng Lai , Fu-Hsiang Ko","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2025.100674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accumulation of toxic metal ions from industrial activities poses significant environmental and health risks, thus necessitating the development of portable, rapid, and highly sensitive detection systems. We report a self-powered photovoltaic colorimetric sensor that is capable of detecting Al<sup>3+</sup>, Fe<sup>3+</sup>, and Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions at nanomolar concentrations. Traditional spectrometer-based platforms are bulky and unsuitable for onsite applications, whereas conventional colorimetric sensors often suffer from limited sensitivity and poor reproducibility. To address these limitations, we utilize a rhodamine derivative (R6GH) that undergoes a ring-opening reaction upon interaction with target metal ions, which results in a visible color change under green LED illumination. The portable sensor integrates a Schottky junction that is fabricated by depositing gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO) onto an n-type silicon substrate via atomic layer deposition, which enables the efficient conversion of optical signals into electrical outputs. The device operates in dual detection mode. In voltage mode, the detection limits are 16 nM for Al<sup>3+</sup>, 22 nM for Fe<sup>3+</sup>, and 41 nM for Cu<sup>2+</sup>. In current mode, the respective detection limits are 26, 18, and 34 nM. Compared with conventional chemosensors, this system offers an improvement in sensitivity of up to two orders of magnitude. Additionally, the sensor demonstrates excellent signal reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 1.14 % across 560 switching cycles. The combination of high sensitivity, rapid response (<30 s), and stable, self-powered operation makes this device a promising candidate for real-time metal ion monitoring for the future of bioelectronic devices in healthcare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100674"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0