Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X最新文献

{"title":"Integration of dual-emission fluorescent nanosensor and machine learning for simultaneous detection of dopamine and homovanillic acid","authors":"Marjan Koushkestani ,&nbsp;Fatemeh Nabizadeh Shahrbabak ,&nbsp;Somayeh Jafarinejad ,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Hormozi-Nezhad","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dopamine (DA) is a crucial neurotransmitter involved in various brain functions, including the regulation of mood, management of reward pathways, and control of movement. Homovanillic acid (HVA), which is a major metabolite of dopamine serves as an indicator of dopamine metabolism in the body. Simultaneous detection of DA and HVA together can help researchers gain insights into DA dynamics and their impact on neuropsychological disorders such as schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. In this study, we designed a ratiometric fluorescent probe based on the quenching of red quantum dots for the quantification and discrimination of DA and HVA in urine samples. The ratiometric technique employs blue carbon dots as a reference, and machine learning techniques, pattern recognition, and regression were used to statistically assess the collected data. Principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis were utilized to classify the dataset into several groups. Partial least-squares regression was employed to assess the analytes quantitatively. The results demonstrated a linear relationship between the gathered responses and concentrations throughout broad ranges of 2.76–20 μg mL⁻¹ for DA and 3.09–20 μg mL⁻¹ for HVA, with detection limits of 0.92 and 1.03 μg mL⁻¹ for DA and HVA, respectively. Through successful validation in intricate urine matrices, the practical application of this ratiometric fluorescent probe was confirmed. Our ratiometric fluorescent probe enables accurate quantification and effective visual detection, assisting in the early diagnosis of neurological diseases. Several neurological and mental problems may be identified simultaneously by combining machine learning techniques with the proposed fluorometric sensor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100760"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond resolution: AI-powered subcellular bioimaging for next-generation smart diagnostics","authors":"Andrés F. Luis-Robles,&nbsp;Juan P. López-Martínez,&nbsp;Arturo Jiménez-Sánchez","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dynamic landscape of subcellular imaging is entering a transformative era fueled by synergistic advances in fluorescent probe design and artificial intelligence (AI). In this review, we discuss how AI techniques, such as deep learning for image denoising and super-resolution, and neural networks for predicting molecular probe behavior, directly address critical bottlenecks in bioimaging, including phototoxicity, low spatiotemporal resolution, and the quantification of complex dynamic phenotypes. We envision an integrated framework for next-generation “smart bioimaging sensors.” This framework establishes a closed loop where AI not only analyzes subcellular images but also guides the design of target-specific probes and optimizes experimental imaging parameters in real-time. Special attention is given to lipid droplet dynamics, mitochondrial potential fluctuations, and membrane remodeling events, as promising indicators in cancer, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases. Ultimately, we envision that this closed-loop integration of molecular sensing and computational intelligence will give rise to systems that autonomously interpret and adapt to subcellular dynamics, paving the way for personalized, image-based diagnostics and intelligent therapeutic monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100749"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential pulse voltametric determination of deferasirox in pharmaceutical formulation and biological fluids using gold screen-printed electrodes, electrochemical investigation and computational study","authors":"Ghadeer A.R.Y. Suaifan ,&nbsp;Asmaa Alnajajrah ,&nbsp;Ward Abu Jbara ,&nbsp;Amr A. El-Mousa ,&nbsp;Doha A.I. Al-Omari ,&nbsp;Mohammad F. Khanfar ,&nbsp;Mayadah Shehadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deferasirox (DFX) is a commonly utilized iron chelation therapy designed to manage iron overload in patients with thalassemia who require regular blood transfusions. Despite its efficacy, the prolonged use of DFX poses potential toxicities, underscoring the need for the development of a reliable and efficient method for detecting DFX in pharmaceutical dosage forms and clinical settings. This study developed an effective electroanalytical sensor for the detection of DFX using a screen-printed gold electrode. Differential pulse voltammetry under basic conditions (pH 13) detected a single anodic peak current at 0.45V. The calibration curve of DFX was found to be linear in concentrations ranging from 1.0 × 10⁻⁴ μmol L⁻¹ to 1.0 × 10³ μmol L⁻¹ in buffer, 2.0 × 10⁻² μmol L⁻¹ to 4.0 × 10² μmol L⁻¹ in urine and 2.0 × 10⁻² μmol L⁻¹ to 3.0 × 10² μmol L⁻¹ in serum, with LOD of 1.0 × 10 ⁻⁴ μmol L⁻¹ in buffer, and 2.0 × 10⁻² μmol L⁻¹ in urine and serum, respectively. Density functional theory was performed to highlight the stability of the hexadentate coordination of DFX with iron. Based on theoretical calculation, the HOMO–LUMO energy gap for [Fe-DFX], high spin, [Fe-DFX] low spin and [Fe(DFX)₂]₃ complexes are 0.144, 0.232, and 0.245 eV, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100765"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradable wearable sensors for rapid non-destructive analysis of pesticides on plants and foods","authors":"Samiris Côcco Teixeira ,&nbsp;Nathalia O. Gomes ,&nbsp;Sergio A.S. Machado ,&nbsp;Taíla Veloso de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Nilda F.F. Soares ,&nbsp;Paulo A. Raymundo-Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wearable sensors technology in plant monitoring is emerging, disruptive and innovative tools offering new opportunities to enhance agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability as highlighted by World Economic Forum in Top 10 Emerging Technologies of 2023. On-site and nondestructive decentralized analysis of pesticides is essential for the effective management of agrochemicals on crops and foodstuff in precision agriculture and food safety that is not achievable with gold standard methods. Here, we develop eco-friendly substrates/support of biodegradable cellulose acetate (CA) films plasticized with diverse amounts of glycerol (GLY) or triethyl citrate (TEC) fabricated by casting method as a sustainable choice for portable sensing devices applications. The wearable devices containing full electrochemical sensing system were produced by screen-printing technology on green plasticized CA substrates to rapidly (3.28 min) and simultaneously detect agrochemicals directly on the surface of agricultural and food products. The wearable dual-sensor integrates diquat sensing by square wave voltammetry (SWV) with carbendazim and diphenylamine detection via differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) on a single platform with single microliter sample droplet. Reliable agrochemical measurements are conducted with low-cost environmentally friendly sensory platform (&lt;US$ 0.077 per unit) in fruits, vegetables, saliva and water samples coupled with a Sensit BT portable analyzer connected via Bluetooth to a smartphone, laptop or tablet. Our sustainable wearable dual-sensor exhibits an attractive analytical performance with robustness against severe bending strains, reproducibility and selectivity offering on-site rapid, continuous, cost-effective, simultaneous and reliable monitoring, addressing the existing gap in integrated approaches for multiplexed agrochemical detection in nondestructive decentralized analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100758"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosensing strategies for determination of adenosine-5′-triphosphate","authors":"Fahri Çatoğlu ,&nbsp;Mustafa Kemal Sezgintürk","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) is a fundamental biomolecule that supplies the energy required for virtually all biochemical reactions in living organisms and thus underpins the continuity of life. Rapid and accurate quantification of ATP is critically important in diverse fields such as biomedical research, food safety and clinical diagnostics. Recent advances in biosensor technologies have led to substantial progress in ATP determination methodologies. The use of biological recognition elements including aptamers, antibodies and enzymes in combination with optical or electrochemical transducers has enabled the development of modern biosensors offering high selectivity, enhanced sensitivity, low cost and real-time analysis capabilities. This review provides a comprehensive overview of ATP biosensors, outlining their classification, performance parameters, advantages and limitations, and highlighting emerging trends and future directions in this area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100751"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noise-reduced optical detection of miRNA-155 by porous silicon through Morlet wavelet phase analysis","authors":"Filiz Karakuş Başak","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porous silicon (pSi) reflectance-based optical biosensors are highly promising platforms for miRNA detection. However, reliable detection of very small effective optical thickness changes associated with miRNA binding remains challenging using conventional Reflective Interferometric Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (RIFTS). In this work, a reflectometric pSi thin-film biosensor was developed for miRNA-155 detection, and complex Morlet wavelet phase analysis (MWPA) was applied, for the first time in miRNA sensing, to suppress spectral noise in the reflectance spectra of the pSi thin film. Using MWPA, small optical thickness changes were detected with high confidence in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), yielding an ultralow LOD of approximately 0.13 pM. In contrast, detectable changes were observed in only 28% of the data when RIFTS was used, and the LOD was estimated at approximately 0.72 pM from data with poor reliability. High selectivity against mismatched miRNA-148 was also achieved. These results demonstrate the superiority of MWPA over RIFTS for the analysis of reflectance spectra from pSi nanostructures optimized for miRNA detection, providing a reliable and sensitive platform for label-free optical biosensing of miRNA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100752"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrocatalytic Zeolite 3A-based sensor for ultra-sensitive glucose monitoring","authors":"Salvatore Andrea Pullano,&nbsp;Marta Greco,&nbsp;Giuseppe Oliva,&nbsp;Laura Manin,&nbsp;Antonino S. Fiorillo","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-enzymatic glucose sensors allow ultralow trace detection in saliva and other biofluids of significant interest. We report a novel zeolite 3A–based non-enzymatic glucose sensor for indirect detection via zeolite electrocatalysis, leveraging its porous structure and ion-exchange properties for sensitive, stable sensing. A flexible sensor was fabricated by facile deposition of a zeolite/vegetable oil mixture onto a silver-coated Kapton substrate. The proposed transduction mechanism is based on the glucose-to-fructose isomerization, with charge variation mediated by the rapid deprotonation of hexoses, a process significantly faster than isomerization and closed-hexose anion formation. the sensor exhibited significantly higher sensitivity at lower glucose concentrations of 6.68 μA mM⁻¹·cm⁻². At lower concentrations, the linear regression coefficient was R² = 0.93, whereas at glucose concentrations above 2 mM, the sensitivity was set to 1.00 μA mM⁻¹·cm⁻².correlation coefficient decreased to R² = 0.87. The limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 0.1 μM. Overall, the wide linear range, cycle-to-cycle stability, and strong low-concentration sensitivity achieved here lay the groundwork for future validation in non-invasive biological matrices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100748"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146170623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid electrochemical biosensor with enhanced accuracy and repeatability using Pyrene NHS ester modified 3D graphene electrodes","authors":"Sophia Nazir ,&nbsp;David Jenkins ,&nbsp;Genhua Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A consistent and reproducible chemical modification of the transducer interface is essential to ensure effective immobilization of bioreceptors, thereby improving the sensitivity and reproducibility of biosensors. Although notable progress has been made in fabricating graphene-based biosensors, the effects of surface biofunctionalization on sensing performance remain not fully understood. This study shows that combining three-dimensional (3D) graphene foam electrodes with a straightforward, single-step surface biofunctionalization method is key to enhancing the performance of graphene-based biosensors. Specifically, it presents a single-step approach to functionalize the 3D graphene foam (Gii-Sens) with 1-pyrenebutyric acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (Pyrene-NHS ester). Electrochemical techniques, including cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), confirmed the successful attachment of Pyrene-NHS ester to the graphene foam surface, at levels sufficient to serve as a covalent linker for antibody attachment. The graphene structure was maintained through non-covalent functionalization, and the linker's functionality was verified using the functionalized Gii-Sens electrochemical sensor for detecting Tau-217 peptides. Measurements with the developed electrochemical sensor showed a linear response to Tau-217 peptides within the 1 fM to 1 nM concentration range, with a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.41 fM in both phosphate-buffered saline PBS and serum. The sensor's reproducibility and repeatability were tested using the standard addition method, resulting in a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 5%. Specificity was evaluated against Tau-181, Tau-441, amyloid proteins (Aβ_1-40 and Aβ_1-42), and bovine serum albumin (BSA).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100757"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"General modeling of graphene field-effect biosensors: Application to label-free DNA hybridization detection","authors":"Tarek El Grour,&nbsp;Francisco G. Ruiz,&nbsp;Felipe de Assis Dias,&nbsp;Enrique G. Marin,&nbsp;Andrés Godoy,&nbsp;Francisco Pasadas","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents a unified, physics-based modeling framework for predicting the electrical response of graphene-based field-effect biosensors (BioGFETs) under steady-state conditions, encompassing both electrolyte–semiconductor (ES) and electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (EIS) configurations. The biomolecular layer is represented as a charged, ion-permeable membrane, enabling a consistent treatment of diverse biofunctionalization strategies. The model self-consistently captures electrolyte electrostatics, including nonlinear screening effects and surface charge regulation arising from protonation and deprotonation processes, which play a central role in the electrostatic transduction of biomolecular interactions. These interfacial effects are coupled to a physics-based large-signal model of carrier transport in the graphene channel, allowing direct computation of the sensor electrical response under well-defined electrochemical sensing conditions. The resulting approach provides a compact, circuit-compatible description of BioGFET operation suitable for device- and circuit-level analysis. Implemented in Verilog-A, the framework is fully compatible with standard SPICE-like simulation tools, enabling device-circuit co-design. Model predictions show excellent agreement with experimental data reported for ES and EIS graphene BioGFETS operating as pH sensors and for label-free DNA hybridization detection. By combining electrochemical interface modeling with graphene channel transport within a unified compact framework, this work provides a robust and versatile CAD-oriented tool for the analysis and optimization of graphene-based BioGFET sensing platforms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100764"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated bowel sounds analysis in clinical practice: A review of technologies","authors":"Cheuk Lam Jeffrey Lui ,&nbsp;Varsha Asrani ,&nbsp;Anthony Phillips ,&nbsp;Prashanna Khwaounjoo ,&nbsp;John Windsor","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2026.100763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bowel sound analysis possesses significant diagnostic potential for gastrointestinal assessment yet clinical utility is minimal due to the subjectivity and inconsistency of traditional auscultation methods. This review examines the emerging field of automated bowel sound analysis focusing on its technological advancements, clinical applications, and diagnostic potential. A literature review adhering to PRISMA guidelines identified 56 relevant studies that explored hardware and software variations in signal acquisition and processing of bowel sound in a wide range of clinical settings. In the acute setting automated bowel sound analysis can potentiate early diagnosis of intestinal obstruction and risk stratify post-operative ileus. In chronic conditions long term bowel sound analysis can assess gastric motility. With technological advancements, hardware innovations such as the multichannel micro-electro-mechanical systems in conjunction with machine learning such as convolution neural networks showed most promise in improving sensitivity in automatically detecting and categorizing bowel sounds. Despite technological promise, challenges persist with regards to validity testing of emerging systems and standardization of bowel sound variance. The review emphasizes the need for a global bowel sound database to address the existing challenges. With further development, this objective, reliable, non-invasiveness, and low-cost modality could transform gastrointestinal diagnostics and monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100763"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}