A smart hip implant with embedded multidirectional sensing and wireless load monitoring for enhanced orthopedic care

This study presents the development, integration, and experimental validation of a smart total hip replacement (THR) system that combines piezoelectric load sensing, energy harvesting, and wireless data transmission. The implant incorporates seven piezoelectric sensors embedded within the femoral head, strategically positioned using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to identify high-strain contact zones during gait. A customized cam-driven benchtop setup simulated cyclic loading at walking (2 Hz), jogging (3 Hz), and running (4 Hz) frequencies to evaluate the sensor system under physiologically relevant conditions. The results confirmed the implant’s ability to capture localized load variations with high spatial fidelity and repeatability, as sensor output correlated strongly with applied force across dynamic trials. RMS voltage-load profiles and calibration curves were established, enabling accurate quantification of transmitted joint forces. Additionally, the harvested signals demonstrated sufficient power output for wireless communication and potential onboard functionality, positioning the device as a self-sustained biomechanical monitor. This multifunctional platform represents a significant advancement in orthopedic implant technology, offering real-time, in vivo assessment of implant loading to support personalized rehabilitation strategies, early failure detection, and long-term postoperative care.