Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X最新文献

{"title":"Recent developments and trends of biosensors based on carbon nanotubes for biomedical diagnosis applications: A review","authors":"Yan Zhang ,&nbsp;Junfeng Guo ,&nbsp;Zhaoxiang Tang ,&nbsp;Chuyue Tang ,&nbsp;Yiang Li ,&nbsp;Xu Tao ,&nbsp;Binghua Zhou ,&nbsp;Wan Chen ,&nbsp;Lin Guo ,&nbsp;Kanglai Tang ,&nbsp;Taotao Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2023.100424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2023.100424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biosensing platforms have become increasingly important in our daily lives due to their ability to provide real-time monitoring with low cost, high sensitivity, and specificity. Carbon nanotubes possess unique optical, electrical, and physical/chemical characteristics that can significantly enhance the electron transfer rate in biosensors, thereby improving sensing performance and enabling rapid detection of biochemical molecules and electrophysiological signals. Additionally, carbon nanotubes facilitate high-resolution imaging detection of cells and tissues. The bio-nano platform based on carbon nanotubes holds excellent potential for integrating diagnosis and treatment to achieve precision medicine goals. As a result, carbon nanotube-based biosensors are emerging as the most promising candidate for medical diagnostics. This paper reviews the synthesis of carbon nanotubes, their application in sensors for medical diagnosis, and their potential use in remediation therapy. Furthermore, it explores the existing limitations and future development trends of carbon nanotubes in the medical field. This interdisciplinary research offers abundant opportunities for researchers interested in carbon nanotube synthesis, medical diagnostics, and regenerative therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100424"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590137023001279/pdfft?md5=781ab2485f63894d28fcf755600ab554&pid=1-s2.0-S2590137023001279-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138744440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on current race for Covid-19 diagnosis","authors":"Kanchan Karki ,&nbsp;Sonali Priyadarshini ,&nbsp;Piyush Kumar ,&nbsp;Sanjay Kumar ,&nbsp;R.S. Kundu ,&nbsp;Krishna Pal Singh ,&nbsp;Aryan Singh Lather ,&nbsp;Kanika Poonia ,&nbsp;Anuj Nehra","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2023.100432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2023.100432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The enduringsevere acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) global health has led to a huge market to design affordable point-of-care (PoC) examination tools and skilled laboratory procedures for its recognition. Most of the available tests for early discovery of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids are built on the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); however, isothermal nucleic acid amplification tests, comprising amplification based on transcription and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based methods, may act as favourable substitutes to the RT-PCR ideal assay. RT-PCR is an appropriate quantitative assay which requires skilled labour, sophisticated instrumentation, but time consuming. Therefore, cannot be deployed immediately in distant and asset-limited areas. A few more serological tests like rapid antigen tests, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in addition lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), may as well be helpful in certain large sample settings however each have their own technical limitations. Thus, taking view of the present scenario; for fast, subtle, highly accurate and cost-effective detection of Covid-19, progressive nano-based biosensors can be alternative tools to control of this pandemic of the upcoming one also. In this comprehensive review, we have presented a wide investigational description of currently available covid-19 diagnostics assays, with a detailed idea about nano-biosensors-based detection approaches. This review paper also highlighted the assets and liabilities of prevailing technologies as well as approaches to further optimising the rapid and efficient diagnostics of Covid-19.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100432"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590137023001358/pdfft?md5=62dfbb661dfdde0aa25bfec7fc08324c&pid=1-s2.0-S2590137023001358-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138716701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Multiple and simultaneous detection for cytokines based on the nanohole array by electrochemical sandwich immunoassay” [Biosens. Bioelectron.: X 14 (2023) 100387]","authors":"Han Na Suh ,&nbsp;Sung-Hoon Yoon ,&nbsp;Yoo Min Park ,&nbsp;HyungJin Kim ,&nbsp;SangHee Kim ,&nbsp;JuKyung Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2023.100423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2023.100423","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100423"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590137023001267/pdfft?md5=a9b8246621f944cfc7e9de9039cb3adf&pid=1-s2.0-S2590137023001267-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138561247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technologies for non-invasive physiological sensing: Status, challenges, and future horizons","authors":"Yang Yu ,&nbsp;Bhavya Jain ,&nbsp;Gautam Anand ,&nbsp;Mahdi Heidarian ,&nbsp;Andrew Lowe ,&nbsp;Anubha Kalra","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2023.100420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2023.100420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Non-invasive techniques have become increasingly vital in modern medicine, providing valuable diagnostic information without invasive procedures. These techniques encompass a diverse range of procedures, including imaging scans, blood tests, urine tests, and genetic testing, enabling the investigation of various conditions without device insertion. In contrast to conventional invasive methods, non-invasive diagnostics have numerous advantages, including reduced complications, shorter recovery times, improved patient comfort, and lower costs. As a result, the exploration of alternative diagnostic approaches has become imperative. This article provides a comprehensive overview of advances, challenges, and opportunities in the realm of non-invasive diagnostic techniques. It delves into a detailed exploration of non-invasive techniques, including photoplethysmography (PPG), electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG), electrocardiography (ECG), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound (US), and electrical impedance tomography (EIT) discussing their origin, underlying principles, instrumentation, and applications in various medical fields. Furthermore, the advantages and limitations of various Surface Measurement and Imaging Modalities techniques are thoroughly compared and analysed. The article also addresses these challenges and highlights emerging technologies and methodologies that offer solutions. More importantly, we propose several promising directions for future research and development of non-invasive diagnostic techniques.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100420"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590137023001176/pdfft?md5=ae254e55cee3c5fe47473dce542697ad&pid=1-s2.0-S2590137023001176-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138493894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in multiplex aptasensor detection techniques for food-borne pathogens: A comprehensive review of novel approaches","authors":"Annu Mishra ,&nbsp;Souradeep Roy ,&nbsp;Naasrin Israel Shaikh ,&nbsp;Pooja Malave ,&nbsp;Ankita Mishra ,&nbsp;Md. Anish Alam ,&nbsp;Yashswee Ghorpade ,&nbsp;Mohd. Rahil Hasan ,&nbsp;Anam Nizam","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2023.100417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosx.2023.100417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Food-borne pathogens pose significant risks to public health and food safety, necessitating the development of rapid, sensitive, and multiplex detection techniques. Biosensor is one of the important tool to detect the analyte with high sensitivity. Now a days multiplex based approaches were in high demands due to its various advantages. One of the important advantages of multiplex aptasensor is it can detects various food borne pathogens on a single platform which also reduced the coast of detection and shows high selectivity due to integration of multiplex platform with aptamer. The emergence of aptamers as versatile recognition elements is discussed, emphasizing their advantages over antibodies in terms of stability, cost-effectiveness, and ease of synthesis. A critical analysis of state-of-the-art multiplex aptasensor platforms is then presented. These platforms encompass a wide range of detection modalities, such as electrochemical, optical, and microfluidic systems. Moreover, the review explores recent examples of multiplex aptasensor applications for detecting a variety of Food-borne pathogens, including bacteria (e.g., Salmonella, <em>Escherichia coli</em>, Listeria) and viruses (e.g., Norovirus, Hepatitis A). The discussion encompasses both in vitro and on-site detection scenarios, demonstrating the versatility and potential impact of multiplex aptasensors across different stages of the food supply chain. The paper concludes by highlighting the transformative potential of multiplex aptasensor detection techniques in enhancing food safety, public health, and surveillance strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100417"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590137023001140/pdfft?md5=c03fab3649647713eda50148e4daeecf&pid=1-s2.0-S2590137023001140-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138490228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atomic layer deposition-fabricated two-dimensional MoO3-WO3 nanohybrid thin-film electrode for ultrasensitive and interference-free detection of dopamine","authors":"Nasrin Siraj Lopa ,&nbsp;Mohammad Karbalaei Akbari ,&nbsp;Hong Liang Lu ,&nbsp;Serge Zhuiykov","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2023.100419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosx.2023.100419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors and their hybrid electrodes show great promise in the advancement of neural sensors for detecting neurotransmitters either through implantation on the brain's surface or by direct detection in biological fluids. This research demonstrated the fabrication of a sub-10 nm thick 2D MoO₃-WO₃ heterostructure electrode via atomic layer deposition (ALD) for the first time to detect dopamine (DA). The developed thin-film with uniform surface morphology possessed monoclinic and orthorhombic crystal structures of WO₃ and MoO₃, respectively, with the presence of oxygen vacancies and their sub-stoichiometric phases. The MoO₃-WO₃ sensor showed excellent catalytic activity for the interference-free detection of DA by suppressing the redox activity of common interferences, ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). The ultra-sensitivity of DA oxidation can be ascribed to the effective electrostatic interaction and chemical coordination between the positively charged DA (at pH 7.0) and the MoO₃-WO₃. In contrast, the predominant electrostatic repulsive force between the negatively charged AA and UA (at pH 7.0) and the MoO₃-WO₃ suppressed their electrochemical responses. The sensor showed a nanomolar detection limit (20 nM) and a wide linear range for DA detection, which is highly appropriate for its determination in biological samples. Additionally, the sensor demonstrated excellent electrochemical stability, high reproducibility, and good recoveries of DA determination in diluted human serum samples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100419"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590137023001164/pdfft?md5=39809feb9d68a736dd473ead13db15ee&pid=1-s2.0-S2590137023001164-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138430707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosensors based on single or multiple biomarkers for diagnosis of prostate cancer","authors":"Yuanjie Teng ,&nbsp;Wenhui Li ,&nbsp;Sundaram Gunasekaran","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2023.100418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2023.100418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Prostate cancer is the second deadliest cancer among men and poses a threat to the health of elderly men. Current methods of diagnosing prostate cancer including digital rectal tests or determining the increase in prostate-specific antigen level in serum are still not effective and hence can lead to overtreatment. New prostate cancer biomarkers in blood, urine, or tissues are reported and the methods for their accurate detection are being pursued. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of the recent literature reporting the biosensors for prostate cancer detection. The focus of the review was to evaluate and compare the design and performance of biosensors based on single and/or multiple biomarkers. The continual emergence of new biomarkers promotes the specificity of biosensors. And the joint detection of multiple biomarkers promotes the accuracy of biosensors. However, it is necessary to correctly screen the biomarker types and combinations because having more biomarkers does not necessarily guarantee improved biosensing performance. Furthermore, this review especially highlights the potential of artificial intelligence and machine learning tools and methodologies in prostate cancer biosensing because of their ability to recognize weak and complex signals, which will effectively improve the specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of biosensors. The combination of machine learning and multiple biomarkers biosensors is a trend in the development of prostate cancer diagnosis. However, most of the current work still focuses on the classification of non-cancer and cancer. The use of linear regression and other tools for quantification to distinguish different stages of cancer is urgently needed for development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100418"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590137023001152/pdfft?md5=67c86c5a25462a63926b07ca4b07abd1&pid=1-s2.0-S2590137023001152-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135715596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel MB-tagged aptasensor for Aflatoxin B1 detection in food using Fe3O4 nanoparticles substantiated with in silico modelling","authors":"Lyndon Naidoo ,&nbsp;Gloria Ebube Uwaya ,&nbsp;Florian Meier ,&nbsp;Krishna Bisetty","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2023.100416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2023.100416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Aspergillus</em> fungi species found in wheat, maize, rice, and other agricultural products produce the carcinogenic mycotoxin known as Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), which can cause cancer in animals and humans. Consequently, recent interest has surged regarding the need for inexpensive, selective, and sensitive sensors to detect AFB1 in food. An ultrasensitive electrochemical aptasensor for AFB1 analysis was constructed using carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (cMWCNTs) and iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles (NP) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The peptide bond formation by EDC coupling between the aptamer and cMWCNTs-Fe₃O₄ NP composite exhibited a strong anodic redox response from AFB1 using cyclic voltammetry (CV) in this study. Applying differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), the GCE/cMWCNTs-Fe₃O₄ NP aptasensor exhibited very low limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 0.43 fg mL⁻¹ and 1.44 fg mL⁻¹ respectively over a calibration ranging from 0.50 fg mL⁻¹ to 5.00 fg mL⁻¹. For actual sample analysis, excellent spike recoveries from 95 to 105% were obtained for corn and rice flour. Single particle ICP-MS (spICP-MS) confirmed the average mass-based diameter of the synthesized Fe₃O₄ NPs to be in the nano-range (<em>d</em> <span><math><mrow><mo>≈</mo></mrow></math></span> 20 nm), the properties of which are essential for the facilitation of strong electron transfer in DPV sensing. Finally, density functional theory and molecular docking studies predicted the sensing mechanism and supported deductions based on the AFB1 capture by the employed aptamer respectively. As part of South Africa’s quality control and regulatory frameworks, this study aims to contribute toward the prevention of AFB1 exposure in foods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100416"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590137023001139/pdfft?md5=8692e3e4ba3ce345dbcd1d7dad61a26f&pid=1-s2.0-S2590137023001139-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135610330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epitope imprinting of Sip D protein of Salmonella Typhi bacteria through multiple monomers approach","authors":"Ritu Singh ,&nbsp;Mahesh L. Nair ,&nbsp;Richa Raghuwanshi ,&nbsp;Gopal Nath ,&nbsp;Meenakshi Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2023.100415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biosx.2023.100415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Typhoid fever is an endemic disease in India. An early stage detection of this disease will reduce the burden on healthcare industry and prevent many fatalities. Here a MIP sensor is fabricated to detect <em>Salmonella typhi</em> bacteria through its antigenic epitope sequence identified through immunoinformatic tools. Epitope imprinting through multiple monomers was utilized to deposit the sensing matrix on gold coated electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) electrode. Methacrylic acid, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine and benzyl methacrylate were used as monomers while ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as crosslinker and azobisisobutyronitrile was used as initiator. The analytical performance of MIP-EQCM sensor was studied by electrochemical as well as piezoelectric measurements. Selectivity of sensor was examined thorugh mismatched peptide sequences and certain plasma proteins also. The detection limit was found to be 0.27 ng mL⁻¹ by DPV and 0.87 ng mL⁻¹ by piezoelectric measurements. The sensor exhibited high selectivity towards imprinted epitope. Additionally, the sensor demonstrated the specific and selective detection in real sample of typhoid infected patients. Thus, the proposed MIP-EQCM sensor could be proposed as diagnostic tool for typhoid fever.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100415"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590137023001127/pdfft?md5=74d31837a4286c9c5c02f87eb1ebf406&pid=1-s2.0-S2590137023001127-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135615588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of anti-SARS CoV-2 antibodies in human serum by means of Bloch surface waves on 1D photonic crystal biochips","authors":"Agostino Occhicone ,&nbsp;Alberto Sinibaldi ,&nbsp;Daniele Chiappetta ,&nbsp;Paola Di Matteo ,&nbsp;Tommaso Pileri ,&nbsp;Norbert Danz ,&nbsp;Frank Sonntag ,&nbsp;Peter Munzert ,&nbsp;Matteo Allegretti ,&nbsp;Valentina De Pascale ,&nbsp;Chiara Mandoj ,&nbsp;Francesco Michelotti","doi":"10.1016/j.biosx.2023.100413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosx.2023.100413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents the development and characterization of a disposable biochip for the detection of antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, a well-known target for vaccine and therapeutic development. This biochip is based on a one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) deposited on a plastic substrate and designed to sustain Bloch surface waves (BSW) in the visible range. The experimental phase was carried out using the biochip in conjunction with a custom-made optical read-out platform capable of real-time refractometric detection and fluorescence-based end-point measurements. Our biochip was functionalized by immobilizing the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein onto the surface using a silanization process. Human serum samples, including a negative control and a positive sample from a recovered COVID-19 patient, were tested on the biochip. The experimental results show that the biochip discriminates between positive and negative samples in a label-free refractometric mode down to a 1:10 dilution of the sera and in quantum dot amplified refractometric and fluorescence mode down to 1:100 dilution. The results demonstrate the potential of the disposable biochip for sensitive and specific detection of COVID-19 antibodies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":260,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100413"},"PeriodicalIF":10.61,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590137023001103/pdfft?md5=98e957a09e012f8f401248f6030807ef&pid=1-s2.0-S2590137023001103-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138086069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}