LIFE: International Journal of Health and Life-Sciences最新文献

{"title":"HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS' SAFETY MEASURES AND AWARENESS IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE HOSPITAL LABORATORIES IN BURAYDAH, AL QASSIM","authors":"Shuaa Z Alshammari, U. Irfan","doi":"10.20319/LIJHLS.2018.43.102117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20319/LIJHLS.2018.43.102117","url":null,"abstract":"Medical laboratories in general operate with various hazardous chemicals. The storage, usage and knowledge about the hazardous chemicals are important aspects of safety measures employed in Medical Laboratories. This comparative study explores the differences in safety measures and knowledge of chemical safety among laboratory employees in Public (PBL) and Private (PRL) Hospital medical laboratories. This cross-sectional study was conducted in randomly selected Public and Private Hospital laboratories in Buraydah, Al Qassim, in 2013. The study was designed to: estimate the proportion and types of the hazardous chemicals used in the laboratories with a chemicals list; to assess safety measures currently being practiced with a standard chemical safety measures checklist; and to assess laboratory employee awareness on chemical safety with an interview schedule. Public Laboratories showed better results as compared to the Private Laboratories, in that their employees were more disciplined in wearing Personal Protection Equipment, and the laboratory was active in managing chemical accidents and its consequences. Whereas the Private Laboratories had better results on four aspects, namely: better storage and handling of hazardous chemicals; neutralizing hazardous chemicals; better precautions established for hazardous chemical use; and better assessment of chemical toxicity, as compared to the Public Laboratories. There were subtle differences between the Public and Private medical laboratories on chemical safety measures. The differences recorded were mainly in storage and handling of hazardous chemicals; the proportion and types of hazardous chemicals used; employee discipline on chemical safety measures; assessment of chemical toxicity; and in managing chemical accidents in the laboratories. Article DOI:  https://dx.doi.org/10.20319/lijhls.2018.43.102117 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.","PeriodicalId":260489,"journal":{"name":"LIFE: International Journal of Health and Life-Sciences","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121582026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SHORT TERM HEALTH IMPACT ASSSESSMENT OF INDOOR AIR QUALITY IN A MADRID OFFICE","authors":"R. S. José, J. Perez, L. Perez, R. M. G. Barras","doi":"10.20319/LIJHLS.2018.43.86101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20319/LIJHLS.2018.43.86101","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is a short term health impact assessment of indoor pollution. To know the indoor pollution is necessary to get information about outdoor pollution and meteorological conditions. In this work, the outdoor data coming from a mesoscale meteorological and air quality simulation with WRF/Chem. Effects on health of different ventilation modes and indoor emission scenarios have been analyzed for the NO2 and PM2.5 pollutants. A general office building located in Madrid has been simulated with the EnergyPlus model during full year 2016.  The energy model includes the Generic Contaminant Model so the simulation system is an integrated framework for indoor pollution and energy demand. Results show that when the emitting sources are active, ventilation through windows improves health and if there are no active sources, the health of the building occupants is slightly deteriorated by the outdoor pollution. Ventilation during all year increases the demand of gas for heating four times. The health impacts of emitting sources are highest in the warm months due to the operation of the air conditioning system. The health impact of indoor emission sources is higher than the outdoor pollution. People in the zone where the emitting sources are located would experience a mortality and morbidity of 2.5 times more than in the non-emitting zones. Article DOI:  https://dx.doi.org/10.20319/lijhls.2018.43.86101 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.","PeriodicalId":260489,"journal":{"name":"LIFE: International Journal of Health and Life-Sciences","volume":"219 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115177530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE EFFECT OF OLDER PEOPLE’S ADAPTATION TO OLD AGE ON THEIR HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE","authors":"Guler Duru Asiret, H. Yiğit","doi":"10.20319/LIJHLS.2018.43.1425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20319/LIJHLS.2018.43.1425","url":null,"abstract":"The changes that occur with age affect the older people’s quality of life. This study aimed at determining the effect of older people’s adaptation to old age on their health-related quality of life. This descriptive study was conducted with 250 older people that applied to the outpatient clinics of the Research and Training Hospital of Aksaray University between the dates of 15 January and 15 June 2017. The study data were collected by using an introductory information form, “Assessment Scale of Adaptation Difficulty for the Elderly (ASADE)” and “Nottingham Health Profile (NHP)”. The study data were assessed by using descriptive statistical methods, Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis, Spearman Correlation Test and multilinear regression model. This study found that older people’s adaptation to old age and their health-related quality of life were at a good level. As their score from ASADE increased, their score from NHP increased (r=0.742, p<0.001). In addition, adaptation to old age, gender and expressed health status had a statistically significant on the quality of life (p<0.005). We suggest that the health personnel assess adaptation to old age, which is one of the factors affecting the quality of life, and increase the quality of life by conducting interventions to increase the adaptation to old age.Article DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.20319/lijhls.2018.43.1425 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.","PeriodicalId":260489,"journal":{"name":"LIFE: International Journal of Health and Life-Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115618144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANALYSIS AND REVIEW OF PRESCRIBING CLINICAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF NHS SECONDARY SECTOR","authors":"Bandar Mohammad Al-Garni","doi":"10.20319/LIJHLS.2018.43.6071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20319/LIJHLS.2018.43.6071","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) is an important and emerging area of research. Therefore, the study of CDSS form an important field of information technology (IT) used in health care industry. Diagnosis and decision making form an integral part of CDSS. Based on the healthcare data and patient’s medical history, CDSS performs recommendation, which helps healthcare professionals to diagnose properly and make clinical decisions accordingly. In this paper, we present analysis and review of prescribing CDSS within the context of the secondary sector of the United Kingdom (UK) National Health Service (NHS). It was observed that prescribing CDSS enhances the safety of patients by reducing medication errors that occur during traditional prescribing (non-electronic prescribing). The reduction of medical errors is due to the efficiency of prescribing CDSS in facilitating health care providers with a holistic view of patient health records and any drug allergy or drug-drug interactions. This study showed that successful adoption of CDSS within the NHS secondary sector faces challenges such as physician acceptance, training, and interoperability. Article DOI:  https://dx.doi.org/10.20319/lijhls.2018.43.6071 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.","PeriodicalId":260489,"journal":{"name":"LIFE: International Journal of Health and Life-Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125476688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSMENT RATING OF FE, CU AND ZN IN WATER AND IN TISSUES OF LUCIOBARBUS CALLENSIS (VALENCIENNES, 1842) AND CYPRINUS CARPIO CARPIO (LINNAEUS, 1785) AT K'SOB RESERVOIR (M'SILA - ALGERIA)","authors":"F. Mimeche, Y. Nouidjem, Leila Boudiaf, Nardjis Medjenah, Hayet Mimeche, Soumia Djamai, Radhouane Alouani","doi":"10.20319/LIJHLS.2018.43.0113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20319/LIJHLS.2018.43.0113","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine Fe, Cu and Zn in K’sob reservoir water (Msila - Algeria) and to estimate their concentration in the tissues of Cyprinus carpio carpio and Luciobarbus callensis, as an indicator of the quality of this aquatic ecosystem. The choice of these species is mainly based on endemism criteria; the Carp fish is representative species of the invasive fish communities but the Barbel is an endemic species inhabiting the course of a Wadi and the K’sob reservoir. Our study conducted from January to May 2014 with a monthly monitoring in order to analysis the concentration of the heavy metals in water and fish tissues. The reservoir water show different values of heavy metals between high concentration of Cu and a medium for Fe and Zn. While the higher concentrations of Copper were obtained from carp and important values of Iron and Zinc are shown in both species. These values appear compatible with our fish’s habitat and its diet. Article DOI:  https://dx.doi.org/10.20319/lijhls.2018.43.0113 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.","PeriodicalId":260489,"journal":{"name":"LIFE: International Journal of Health and Life-Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127848901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMBATING SECOND HAND SMOKING WITH COMMUNITY PARTICIPATING ‘SMOKE FREE ZONES’: SRI LANKA EXPERIENCES","authors":"T. Prakash, S. Kumara, H. Niwarthana, T. Abeynayake, P. Abeykoon, Prabhath Pallewaththa","doi":"10.20319/LIJHLS.2018.43.7285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20319/LIJHLS.2018.43.7285","url":null,"abstract":"Although the overall smoking prevalence has shown a downward trend, second hand smoke (SHS) exposure remains a significant problem in Sri Lanka. Various attempts have been made to establish ‘Smoke Free Zones’ (SFZs) for combating SHS with the help of Public Health Inspectors (PHIs) who are regarded as the main coordinators of combating SHS at the grass root level. This study explored the lessons learnt from establishing SFZs in Sri Lanka and both qualitative and qualitative approaches were employed. There were 53 SFZs from 20 Districts that were studied, and the study consisted with three components. Chi – square test was performed to study the relationships between variables and qualitative data was analyzed through the framework analyzing method. All studied SFZs focused on reducing the availability of tobacco products by mobilizing retailers parallel to creating awareness among the stakeholders. The mean time taken to reach the maximum success is 9 (±8) months and mean sustained period is 16 (±12) months. Forty nine factors for establishing SFZs were identified and six factors have had statistically significant relationship with sustainability. Furthermore, ten constructive groups and twelve destructive groups as well as fifteen reasons for deteriorating the successes were encountered. Ten steps process for establishing SFZs in Sri Lanka was also Introduced. The study recommends employing the introduced 10 steps process to establishing SFZs in Sri Lanka and develops the strengths and opportunities while minimizing the weaknesses and threats to create a supportive environment prior to establishing SFZs and pay continuous attention  on the reasons for deteriorating success to improve the sustainability. Article DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.20319/lijhls.2018.43.7285 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.","PeriodicalId":260489,"journal":{"name":"LIFE: International Journal of Health and Life-Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115514619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STRESS, ANXIETY, AND DEPRESSION RELATIONSHIP AMONG UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS AND THEIR FINAL EXAM MARK","authors":"Elly Noerhidajati, Fadhli Rizal Makarim, Akhmad Ulil Albab","doi":"10.20319/LIJHLS.2018.43.2637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20319/LIJHLS.2018.43.2637","url":null,"abstract":"Medical students often experiencing a stressful environment in their medical school. Stress occurred in students that currently studying for examinations. Higher stressor expose leads to higher levels of anxiety and depression. High level of stress declines cognitive functioning and learning process in their medical academic process and cause mental health impairment. A prospective cross-sectional study with 26 end-stage medical students as a participant, the participant ordered to fill 3 section questionnaire that measures stress, anxiety, and depression. Final exam mark obtained from Indonesian Medical Education Institution Association (AIPKI) one month after the exam held. There is no significant relationship between stressor in all domain and anxiety, and there is a significant relationship between academic related stress, social related stress, and depression. There is no significant difference between stress, anxiety, depression and their final exam mark. In conclusion, there is a strong relationship between stress that leads to depression in undergraduate medical students. Therefore, a good coping mechanism of stress should be well managed in medical students. Article DOI:  https://dx.doi.org/10.20319/lijhls.2018.43.2637 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.","PeriodicalId":260489,"journal":{"name":"LIFE: International Journal of Health and Life-Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128080432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PHYSIOLOGY AND YIELD OF THREE SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX (L.) MERRILL) CULTIVARS DIFFERENT IN MATURITY TIMING AS AFFECTED BY WATER DEFICIENCY","authors":"O. Basal, A. Szabó","doi":"10.20319/LIJHLS.2018.43.4659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20319/LIJHLS.2018.43.4659","url":null,"abstract":"Water deficiency is globally increasing as a direct result of climatic changes, threatening food production stability, especially of drought-susceptible crops, to which soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) belongs. Soybean is mainly important because of its high protein and oil content. A field experiment was conducted in Debrecen, Hungary in 2017. Three soybean cultivars, different in maturity timing (very early-, early-, and middle-timing cultivars), were grown under two irrigation regimes; non-irrigated (NI) and fully-irrigated (FI) regime, in order to study the effect of water deficiency on the physiology and the yield of the above-mentioned cultivars. The yield of the three cultivars was increased when irrigation was applied, and though the increase was insignificant, yet the physiological traits were noticeably, and significantly in certain traits, different between the two irrigation regimes. It was concluded that water deficiency affects the physiology and the yield of soybean, and that the effect output is cultivar-dependent. More traits at different growth stages are needed to best understand water deficiency influence on soybean. Article DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.20319/lijhls.2018.43.4659 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.","PeriodicalId":260489,"journal":{"name":"LIFE: International Journal of Health and Life-Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117302581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR IMPROVING CARE & SANITATION FACILITIES OF PUBLIC HEALTHCARE DELIVERY SYSTEM: A CASE STUDY IN INDIA","authors":"R. Debnath, Sumati Ray","doi":"10.20319/LIJHLS.2018.42.4765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20319/LIJHLS.2018.42.4765","url":null,"abstract":"In spite of being one of the fastest growing economies of the world, and having taken steps to improve the country’s health status after independence, India still has a long way to go. The healthcare system is challenging in India, particularly because of huge population size, economic and social factors coupled with the rising burden of both communicable and non-communicable diseases. Capital and technology perhaps are the most necessary conditions for achieving health gains, but experience in many countries confirms that they are not sufficient. Organizations must combine financial, physical and human resources for better performance. Public hospitals are heavily utilized by lower income groups of the society, up to ninety percent in case of free patients. While this is a good indication of the level of access of people to public health facilities, this also casts an obligation on the Government to improve their infrastructure and systems. Reports of numerous patients dying due to lack of oxygen supply in wards or wrong sterilization procedures, patients delayed admission and treatment due to shortage of medical staff or unavailability of necessary drugs and equipments in the hospital is prevalent. The primary objective of this paper is to investigate the quality of sanitation and care of a tertiary level public healthcare facility in India. Data was collected from the inpatients and support staff of the hospital by using standard instruments. All ethical guidelines were fulfilled. Infrastructural scarcity and manpower allocation were a major issue. Staffs were significantly more negative in rating many aspects of hospital services.  The researcher recommends accountability based work environment, periodic training modules for health workers, policy and infrastructural changes for improvement of the healthcare facilities. Article DOI:  https://dx.doi.org/10.20319/lijhls.2018.42.4765 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.","PeriodicalId":260489,"journal":{"name":"LIFE: International Journal of Health and Life-Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132338470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE EFFECTS OF N-FERTILIZER RATE ON THE PHYSIOLOGY AND THE YIELD OF SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX (L.) MERR.) UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION REGIMES","authors":"O. Basal, A. Szabó","doi":"10.20319/LIJHLS.2018.42.1533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20319/LIJHLS.2018.42.1533","url":null,"abstract":"Global Climatic changes are being more and more obvious, resulting in massive fluctuations in the food availability for the increasing world population because of the abiotic stresses resulted from these changes, with drought stress being one of the most serious stresses. Using mineral fertilization was introduced as a proposed solution to overcome the food gap resulted from the above-mentioned factors, but the negative effects of the mineral fertilization on both soil environment and food quality makes it necessary to come out with alternative solutions. Legume crops are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen by the symbiosis process, which reduces the need of mineral N. Soybean is one of the most important legumes with its high content of protein and oil, but is drought-susceptible. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of both drought stress and mineral N on the physiology and the yield of two soybean cultivars during 2017 growing season. The results showed that applying N-fertilizer enhanced the physiology of soybean plants, especially under drought conditions; yet, high rates of N-fertilizer did not result in better yield. It was concluded that the effects of drought stress on soybean are more serious and obvious than of the N fertilization. In addition, adding high rates of N-fertilizer is not always favorable, especially with the absence of drought stress conditions. Article DOI:  https://dx.doi.org/10.20319/lijhls.2018.42.1533 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.","PeriodicalId":260489,"journal":{"name":"LIFE: International Journal of Health and Life-Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117130774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}