H. Sellinschegg, A. Smalley, G. Yoon, D.C. Johnson, G. Nolas, M. Kaeser, T. Tritt
{"title":"Synthesis of filled skutterudite compounds with varied degree of filling","authors":"H. Sellinschegg, A. Smalley, G. Yoon, D.C. Johnson, G. Nolas, M. Kaeser, T. Tritt","doi":"10.1109/ICT.1999.843402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT.1999.843402","url":null,"abstract":"Filled skutterudite antimonides are an example of electron crystal and phonon-glass materials as originally proposed by Slack (1994). A properly optimized compound should exhibit high electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficients in combination with a very low thermal conductivity, thus resulting in a high value for ZT. In skutterudites, the low thermal conductivity results from the incoherent rattling of the loosely bound ternary atom in the oversize cage-like frame structure. Filled CoSb/sub 3/ compounds with fillings higher than 25% are very difficult if not impossible to synthesize by standard solid state synthetic methods. By using a multilayer technique and depositing Angstrom-thick layers of the individual elemental reactants that interdiffuse upon annealing and can form skutterudite compounds upon annealing. In this study, close to completely filled CeCo/sub 4/Sb/sub 12/ and LaCo/sub 4/Sb/sub 12/ samples have been prepared and the synthesis of a Ce/sub x/Co/sub 4/Sb/sub 12/ and a La/sub x/Co/sub 4/Sb/sub 12/ series are presented.","PeriodicalId":253439,"journal":{"name":"Eighteenth International Conference on Thermoelectrics. Proceedings, ICT'99 (Cat. No.99TH8407)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121856212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrated thermoelectric cooling modules and blocks","authors":"A. Demidov, A. Holopkin, V. Penkin","doi":"10.1109/ICT.1999.843377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT.1999.843377","url":null,"abstract":"A new design of integrated thermoelectric cooling modules (ITCMs) was developed. The ITCM consists of a standard thermoelectric cooling module and two metal radiators in form of needles, fins, and so on soldered to outer metallized sides of ceramic plates of standard modules. The operation of the soldering of radiators can be combined with the operation of the assembling of modules. In result the ITCM manufacturing cost can be drastically reduced. Elimination of thermal conductive grease that is used in traditional devices considerably increases the ITCM efficiency. The ITCMs were used in thermoelectric (TE) blocks with heat exchangers of both air-air and air-water types. Especially high efficiency was reached in air-water cooling TE blocks. The radiators of the one ITCM side were inserted into the holes of the water heat exchanger and sealed there by an elastic epoxy compound. The radiators had direct contact with water. The radiators of the opposite ITCM side were inserted into the air duct of TE bloc. Proposed design of TE blocks has the following advantages: no special demands to geometrical characteristics and tolerances, high cooling capacity and low manufacturing cost. The typical TE bloc with heat exchangers of air-water type had the following characteristics: number of ITCMs-36, consumed electric power-1500 W, air temperature decrease-up to 30/spl deg/C for air flow of 150 m/sup 3//h.","PeriodicalId":253439,"journal":{"name":"Eighteenth International Conference on Thermoelectrics. Proceedings, ICT'99 (Cat. No.99TH8407)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121986982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Pustovalov, V. Gusev, A. Borshchevsky, A. Chmielewski
{"title":"Experimental confirmation of milliwatt power source concept","authors":"A. Pustovalov, V. Gusev, A. Borshchevsky, A. Chmielewski","doi":"10.1109/ICT.1999.843440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT.1999.843440","url":null,"abstract":"The results of development and tests of mini RTG, milliwatt power source (PS) are presented. The development of PS model is based on the standard Light Weight Radioisotope Heater Unit (RHU) of 1.0 W thermal power, fueled by Plutonium-238. This RHU was successfully used on the spacecraft Galileo, Cassini, Mars Pathfinder etc. The computations were carried out and the optimum parameters of PS, for which maximum power can be achieved, were determined. Experimental samples of two PS modifications, equipped with electrical equivalents of RHU and thermoelectric batteries (TEB) made of Bi-Te-Sb-Se alloys, were fabricated: PS-1 (with one RPIU) and PS-2 (with two RI-IUs). The results of experimental tests have confirmed that an electrical power level of 25 mW can be achieved in PS-I and of 53 mW-in PS-2. The analysis of the calculations and experiments shows that the electrical power of PS-2 can be increased up to 70 mW at 5 V.","PeriodicalId":253439,"journal":{"name":"Eighteenth International Conference on Thermoelectrics. Proceedings, ICT'99 (Cat. No.99TH8407)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127430931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermoelectric properties of bismuth-silica nanocomposites","authors":"F. Brochin, B. Lenoir, X. Devaux, H. Scherrer","doi":"10.1109/ICT.1999.843412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT.1999.843412","url":null,"abstract":"Bulk bismuth-silica nanocomposites have been prepared via powder metallurgy to study the influence of silica inclusions on the transport properties of Bi-based materials. Bi-SiO/sub 2/ ultrafine powders were produced by an arc-plasma processing. TEM investigations revealed the presence of a nanometric silica shell around each Bi grain. The nanocomposite powders were cold pressed and sintered close to the melting temperature of bismuth. The electrical resistivity was measured from 5 K to 300 K, the thermoelectric power, the thermal conductivity and the thermoelectric figure of merit were measured from 65 K to 300 K. The transport properties of pure single crystalline and polycrystalline bismuth are compared to those of nanocomposite materials.","PeriodicalId":253439,"journal":{"name":"Eighteenth International Conference on Thermoelectrics. Proceedings, ICT'99 (Cat. No.99TH8407)","volume":"1631 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133760711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PbTe-based quantum-dot thermoelectric materials with high ZT","authors":"T. Harman, P. Taylor, D. Spears, M. P. Walsh","doi":"10.1109/ICT.1999.843386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT.1999.843386","url":null,"abstract":"Following the experimentally observed Seebeck coefficient enhancement in PbTe quantum wells in Pb/sub 1-x/Eu/sub x/Te/PbTe multiple-quantum-well structures which indicated the potential usefulness of low dimensionality, we have investigated the thermoelectric properties of PbSe/sub x/Te/sub 1-x//PbTe quantum-dot superlattices for possible improved thermoelectric materials. We have again found enhancements in Seebeck coefficient and thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) relative to bulk values, which occur through the various physics and materials science phenomena associated with the quantum-dot structures. To date, we have obtained ZT values approximately double the best bulk PbTe values, with ZT as high as about 0.9 at 300 K and conservatively estimated values as high as 2.0 at higher temperatures.","PeriodicalId":253439,"journal":{"name":"Eighteenth International Conference on Thermoelectrics. Proceedings, ICT'99 (Cat. No.99TH8407)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128297718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phonon drag and inelastic electron scattering by acoustic phonons in semiconductor superlattice","authors":"Y. Ivanov, M. Vedernikov","doi":"10.1109/ICT.1999.843372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT.1999.843372","url":null,"abstract":"The electron relaxation time due to acoustical phonon scattering, the electrical conductivity, and the phonon-drag thermopower of semiconductor superlattices with quasi-two-dimensional quantum wells and quasi-one-dimensional quantum wires are calculated. The inelasticity of the scattering of charge carriers is taken into account. It is shown that the phonon-drag thermopower of a superlattice can be three orders of magnitude greater than the corresponding thermopower of a bulk semiconductor.","PeriodicalId":253439,"journal":{"name":"Eighteenth International Conference on Thermoelectrics. Proceedings, ICT'99 (Cat. No.99TH8407)","volume":"225 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131936496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis on thermo-mechanical stress of thermoelectric module","authors":"Y. Hori, D. Kusano, T. Ito, K. Izumi","doi":"10.1109/ICT.1999.843396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT.1999.843396","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the thermo-mechanical performance of thermoelectric modules. A heat cycle test was performed in order to analyze the thermo-mechanical performance of modules of three different cross sectional area of elements. Modules of all the three types declined in generated output with the increase of heat cycles. It is considered that the decline of generated output was caused by the increase in the internal electrical resistance of each module. The increase of internal electrical resistance was caused by the poor contact between a thermoelectric element and a Cu electrode due to the deterioration of the solder at the contact with the increase of heat cycles.","PeriodicalId":253439,"journal":{"name":"Eighteenth International Conference on Thermoelectrics. Proceedings, ICT'99 (Cat. No.99TH8407)","volume":"54 24","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114046390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. J. Poon, T. Tritt, Y. Xi, S. Bhattacharya, V. Ponnambalam, A. Pope, R. Littleton, V. M. Browning
{"title":"Bandgap features and thermoelectric properties of Ti-based half-Heusler alloys","authors":"S. J. Poon, T. Tritt, Y. Xi, S. Bhattacharya, V. Ponnambalam, A. Pope, R. Littleton, V. M. Browning","doi":"10.1109/ICT.1999.843331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT.1999.843331","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic transport properties of narrow-gap TiNiSn and presumed wider-gap TiCoSb half-Heusler alloys are investigated by systematically doping the three sublattice sites. The two alloys are found to exhibit different doping trends. While all three sites in TiCoSb can be doped to enhance semimetallic behavior, only the Ti and Ni sites in TiNiSn can be efficiently doped. Meanwhile, several 3d dopants are found to lead to more localized electronic properties. These findings, together with results on Hall effect and thermopower measurements, have shed light on the bandgap structure of these metal-based semiconductors. Power factor and dimensionless figure of merit ZT reaching /spl sim/5.7/spl times/10/sup -3/ W/m-K/sup 2/ and /spl sim/0.5 at 680 K, respectively, are obtained in the Sb-doped (TiHf)NiSn system. The quite favorable thermoelectric parameters obtained in these low-mobility alloys are attributed to the existence of a moderately heavy electron band mass.","PeriodicalId":253439,"journal":{"name":"Eighteenth International Conference on Thermoelectrics. Proceedings, ICT'99 (Cat. No.99TH8407)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122984276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Pope, R. Littleton, J. Jeffries, T. Tritt, M. Feuerbacher, R. Gagnon, S. Legault, J. Strom-Olsen
{"title":"High temperature electrical transport in Al-Pd-Mn quasicrystals","authors":"A. Pope, R. Littleton, J. Jeffries, T. Tritt, M. Feuerbacher, R. Gagnon, S. Legault, J. Strom-Olsen","doi":"10.1109/ICT.1999.843419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT.1999.843419","url":null,"abstract":"We report measurements of the electrical conductivity /spl sigma/(T) and the Seebeck coefficient /spl alpha/(T) of a Czochralski-grown single phase quasicrystal of icosahedral Al/sub 70.8/Pd/sub 20.9/Mn/sub 8.3/ in the temperature range between 5 and 600 K. The electrical conductivity /spl sigma/(T) is only weakly temperature dependent. The values of the conductivity fall in the range between 630 and 740 (/spl Omega/ cm)/sup -1/. The Seebeck coefficient, /spl alpha/(T), increases monotonically with increasing temperature, reaches a maximum of 110 /spl mu/V/K at around 500 K after which the thermopower begins to decrease with increasing temperature. The power factor, /spl alpha//sup 2//spl sigma/T, is obtained from the electrical conductivity and thermopower data and at T=600 K, the power factor of icosahedral Al/sub 70.8/Pd/sub 20.9/Mn/sub 8.3/ reaches 0.5 W/m-K. This indicates that quasiperiodically structured alloys may be promising materials for thermoelectric applications at temperatures above room temperature.","PeriodicalId":253439,"journal":{"name":"Eighteenth International Conference on Thermoelectrics. Proceedings, ICT'99 (Cat. No.99TH8407)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123862558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Layered (IV-VI)-(V-VI)-materials for low dimensional thermoelectric structures","authors":"J. Nurnus, H. Bottner, H. Beyer, A. Lambrecht","doi":"10.1109/ICT.1999.843483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT.1999.843483","url":null,"abstract":"(IV-VI)-(V-VI) nanostructures are new systems, which could be used both for the reduction of thermal conductivity and for MQW structures to enhance electrical conductivity. We report on both first steps: IV-VI on V-VI and V-VI on IV-VI growth in the bismuth telluride/lead telluride material system using molecular beam epitaxy. Bismuth telluride layers were grown using element sources, PbTe and PbSe can be grown using the binary compounds. n-PbTe and n-PbSe as well as n-bismuth telluride layers were grown epitaxially on [111]-barium fluoride-substrates. [111]-barium fluoride is probably the best suited substrate for both IV-VI and V-VI-materials due to its small lattice mismatch. The IV-VI-initial-layers were overgrown with n-bismuth telluride, while the V-VI-initial-layers were overgrown with PbTe or PbSe. We report on growth characteristics analysed by AFM, ECP, SEM and SIMS, depending on various growth conditions like substrate temperature and layer thickness. The results taken from as grown samples and after annealing procedures are discussed with respect to the crystal structures accordingly and the ternary phase diagram of bismuth telluride/lead telluride.","PeriodicalId":253439,"journal":{"name":"Eighteenth International Conference on Thermoelectrics. Proceedings, ICT'99 (Cat. No.99TH8407)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116036609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}