Bioelectrochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Spectroelectrochemical analysis of membrane permeation mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptide-modified fluorescent proteins","authors":"Hiroki Sakae ,&nbsp;Kaho Takada ,&nbsp;Chitose Maruyama ,&nbsp;Yoshimitsu Hamano ,&nbsp;Hirohisa Nagatani","doi":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.109054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.109054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) can translocate substances into cells and have potential as molecular carriers in drug delivery system (DDS). In order to elucidate the cellular internalization mechanism of cargoes utilizing CPPs, the interfacial behavior of fluorescent protein, monomeric Azami-Green (mAG) modified with two types of CPPs, ε-poly-<span>l</span>-lysine (εPL) and octa-arginine (R8), was studied at the liquid|liquid interface as a model of biomembrane surfaces. CPP-unmodified mAG and R8-mAG showed the aqueous adsorption process at the water|1,2-dichloroethane interface. On the other hand, εPL-mAG was transferred across the interface accompanied by the adsorption steps at both sides of the interface. Spectroelectrochemical analysis indicated that the adsorption of mAG was facilitated at the phospholipid-modified biomimetic interface. In the presence of CPPs, the adsorption of mAG on the membrane surface was inhibited by competitive adsorption with εPL, whereas the phase transfer of mAG readily occurred due to the disturbance of the membrane structure by R8. Although the R8-mAG behaves in a similar membrane reaction mechanism to the unmodified mAG, the phase transfer efficiency of εPL-mAG was improved by suppressing the interaction with the phospholipid membrane. Therefore, the membrane permeation of mAG was successfully achieved by the modification with εPL. Present findings demonstrated that εPL is a promising CPP for the membrane permeation of proteins with a high hydrophilicity and molecular weight.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":252,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectrochemistry","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 109054"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2-Azido-4-nitrophenol is a light-sensitive antibacterial protonophore","authors":"Alexander M. Firsov ,&nbsp;Ljudmila S. Khailova ,&nbsp;Pavel A. Nazarov ,&nbsp;Maxim Ukraintsev ,&nbsp;Roman S. Kirsanov ,&nbsp;Sergei I. Kovalchuk ,&nbsp;Konstantin G. Lyamzaev ,&nbsp;Alisa A. Panteleeva ,&nbsp;Galina A. Korshunova ,&nbsp;Elena A. Kotova ,&nbsp;Yuri N. Antonenko","doi":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.109055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.109055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The azide-containing analogue 2-azido-4-nitrophenol (NPA) of the classical mitochondrial uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) was actively used in 1970s as a tool for searching the binding sites of OxPhos uncouplers on mitochondrial proteins. Here, we report data on the protonophoric, uncoupling and cytotoxic activity of this compound. Artificial bilayer lipid membrane (BLM) experiments revealed much higher potency of NPA compared to DNP in the induction of proton-selective transmembrane electric current. Accordingly, NPA was more effective than DNP in both decreasing membrane potential and stimulating respiration of isolated rat liver mitochondria. NPA also exhibited higher depolarizing and cytotoxic activity towards mammalian cell culture, and was more potent than DNP in suppressing growth of both gram-negative (<em>Escherichia coli</em>) and gram-positive (<em>Bacillus subtilis</em>) bacteria. In all these systems, the activity of NPA but not that of DNP was abolished upon UV illumination. As shown by capillary electrophoresis and LC-MS analysis, UV light induced degradation of NPA to products lacking protonophoric activity, unlike DNP, which appeared to be light-insensitive. Therefore, NPA can be considered as a light-sensitive protonophore that is able to inhibit bacterial growth and promote mitophagy in mammalian cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":252,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectrochemistry","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 109055"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boron-doped-diamond coupling with gold nanoparticles to prepare a simple and highly rigid aptasensor for detection of bleomycin","authors":"Yilin Liu ,&nbsp;Lingfeng Wan ,&nbsp;Danhong Zhang ,&nbsp;Yibo Ma ,&nbsp;Danni Hu ,&nbsp;Hongdong Li ,&nbsp;Chunli Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.109052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.109052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Bleomycin (BLM), an essential antitumour medication in clinical applications, has detrimental effects on human health when it appears in an ecological environment, even at trace concentrations. It is desirable to detect trace amounts of BLM by a fast, simple, and efficient method, however, the traditional technologies (e.g., high-performance liquid chromatography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, etc.) generally require expensive equipment and a complicated process, and/or have the disadvantages of long-time running times and poor repeatability. Electrochemical biosensors have been proposed as a fast, easy, sensitive, and cost-effective method for the detection of BLM, and finding a suitable work electrode plays a crucial role in realizing highly performance detection.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In this work, based on a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode, coupling with gold (Au) nanoparticles, we design an electrochemical aptasensor for sensitive and specific detection of BLM, featuring a synergistic assembly of aptamers, Au nanoparticle<strong>s</strong>, and BDD film. The BLM aptasensor presents a wide linear range in 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁷-1.0 × 10⁻⁸ mol L⁻¹, and achieves a limit of detection as low as 8.5 × 10⁻¹⁸ mol L⁻¹. The examinations of trace BLM serum also present a large region of 1.0 × 10⁻¹³-1.0 × 10⁻⁹ mol L⁻¹. Besides, the interfering tests exibit that the relative responses (RR, %) are ranged from −4.1 % to 6.4 % in five similar structure interfer, and the daily RRs varies between between −3.3 % and 7.3 % in comparison to the 100 % for the first day, which domenstrating the high stability and repeatability and accuracy of the aptasensor.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>The innovative aptasensor consisting of β-mercaptohexanol (MCH), Aptamers, Au-NPs, and BDD (MAA-BDD) for the electrochemical detection of trace BLM is of excellent sensitivity, specificity, rigidity, and repeatability, which is suitable for further practical applications on trace BLM detection in various environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":252,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectrochemistry","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 109052"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144678890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microfluidic photoelectrochemical immunosensor based on BiOCl@au/CdS heterojunction for the trace detection of liver cancer marker","authors":"Yu Zeng ,&nbsp;Wenlin Feng ,&nbsp;Xiaozhan Yang ,&nbsp;Xin Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.109047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.109047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid and accurate monitoring of vitamin K deficiency or prothrombin induced by vitamin K antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) is crucial for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of liver cancer. Here, a novel immunosensor for PIVKA-II detection is proposed by integrating a microfluidic device and a photoelectrochemical sensor. Firstly, BiOCl@Au composite and CdS photoactive material were synthesized using the solvothermal method, then were sprayed onto the laser-etched fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) surface, and the formed heterojunction can suppress the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. The gold nanoparticles, with localized surface plasmon resonance effects, not only enhanced light absorption but also promoted electron transfer. Furthermore, a microchannel fabricated by photolithography was combined with the FTO substrate, and PIVKA-II capture antibodies were modified on the heterojunction surface for the specific capture of PIVKA-II. The microfluidic immunosensor exhibits a good linearity from 0.1 pg/mL to 100 ng/mL, with a detection limit of 0.078 pg/mL (S/N = 3). Additionally, this sensor shows good selectivity, stability, reproducibility, excellent anti-interference ability and reliability in monitoring the trace liver cancer marker PIVKA-II.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":252,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectrochemistry","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 109047"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using exogenous quinones as electron carriers from the photosynthetic chain to produce electricity – An “open-ended” photoelectrochemical story starring microalgae?","authors":"Adnan Sayegh ,&nbsp;Guillaume Longatte ,&nbsp;Léna Beauzamy ,&nbsp;Eric Labbé ,&nbsp;Olivier Buriez ,&nbsp;Jérôme Delacotte ,&nbsp;Manon Guille-Collignon ,&nbsp;Frédéric Lemaître","doi":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.109050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.109050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photosynthesis is an important process in Nature that allows the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy. In the current context of research of renewable energies, it could be relevant to divert the electron flow of the photosynthetic chain towards a collecting electrode. In our research group, we have been working for ten years on a strategy involving a suspension of microalgae in the presence of exogenous quinones as redox mediators. The quinone form is thus reduced by the algae under light while the resulting hydroquinone form is oxidized at the collecting electrode surface. In this context, it becomes fundamental to understand how a given quinone affects the photocurrent produced in terms of intensity and stability. The aim of this article is to summarize our main results in this field and to complete them with some unpublished data treatments. Although the structure-activity relationship of the quinones remains to be discovered, these results give an overview of the current questions, the key parameters to consider, being E° and logP, and the future studies to be performed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":252,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectrochemistry","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 109050"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning O2 enzymatic reduction: Roles of methionine-rich domains and electrochemical metalation of active centers","authors":"Vita Saska ,&nbsp;Paolo Santucci ,&nbsp;Anne de Poulpiquet ,&nbsp;Didier Gasparutto ,&nbsp;Umberto Contaldo ,&nbsp;Ievgen Mazurenko ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Lojou","doi":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.109051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.109051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CueOs are multicopper oxidases which feature a methionine rich domain (Met-rich) covering the first electron acceptor and proposed to play roles in enzymatic catalysis. However, how these domains impact catalysis is still a matter of debate. In this work, we compare O₂ reduction at gold electrodes according to the Met-rich content of two CueOs from <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Hafnia alvei</em> bacteria. The extent of electrocatalysis is shown to depend on the type of CueO adsorbed on the gold surface, with activity being nearly zero when using the CueO protein containing the largest Met-rich domain. To clarify the role of Met-rich domains, CueO engineering was additionally performed by deleting Met-rich domains or exchanging them between the two proteins to create chimeric enzymes. Using a combination of electrochemistry, surface plasmon resonance and molecular dynamic simulation, we demonstrate that the Met-rich domain induces steric hindrance that affects the electron transfer process. In addition, a progressive and potential dependent increase in the catalytic currents is observed. We demonstrate that this activation process is associated with the incorporation of copper cofactors in the immobilized proteins by electrogenerated Cu⁺. This electrochemically induced CueO metalation paves the way for the large-scale production of multicopper oxidases (MCO) followed by in vitro maturation, as high copper concentrations are toxic in vivo.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":252,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectrochemistry","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 109051"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating muscle contractions during pulsed field ablation by utilizing intersegment delays","authors":"Sabrina N. Campelo ,&nbsp;Zaid S. Salameh ,&nbsp;Kenneth N. Aycock ,&nbsp;Melvin F. Lorenzo ,&nbsp;John H. Rossmeisl ,&nbsp;Rafael V. Davalos","doi":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.109049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.109049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pulsed field ablation (PFA) uses low energy electric fields to ablate soft tissues, such as cancerous tumors or aberrant heart muscle via irreversible electroporation (IRE). The primary mechanism of cell death is an induced electric potential across the cell membrane, creating long-lived pores. However, an induced transmembrane potential will also excite neurons, causing undesirable muscle contractions. Biphasic pulsing and higher frequency waveforms are effective nerve excitation mitigation strategies, but also limit treatment volume. Here, we utilize a single, extended delay between two symmetrical biphasic pulsing trains, called an intersegment delay (ISD), for reduced muscle contractions. An ISD of 250 μs was found to increase the threshold for nerve stimulation (66 V/cm vs 63 V/cm), leading to a ∼ 30 % decrease in physical acceleration, while not significantly impacting the lethal electric field threshold (769 V/cm vs 787 V/cm) compared to the continuous waveform. The refined electrical waveform design presented in this study mitigates muscle contractions without compromising ablation volume. Thus, introducing an ISD presents a refined approach to electroporation-based treatments, potentially enhancing their clinical utility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":252,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectrochemistry","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 109049"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renewable DNA tetrahedron Interface enabling ultrasensitive detection of copper via synergetic enhancement of click chemistry and DNAzyme catalysis","authors":"Tai Ye,&nbsp;Yimin Xu,&nbsp;Haohao Chen,&nbsp;Shuying Yue,&nbsp;Mei Xue,&nbsp;Chenyang Li,&nbsp;Min Yuan,&nbsp;Jinsong Yu,&nbsp;Hui Cao,&nbsp;Liling Hao,&nbsp;Xiuxiu Wu,&nbsp;Fengqin Yin,&nbsp;Fei Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.109048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.109048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Copper is an essential trace element that plays critical roles in numerous physiological processes, including mitochondrial respiration, antioxidant defense, and neurotransmitter biosynthesis. However, an imbalance in copper homeostasis can lead to severe health disorders. Copper deficiency is linked to diseases such as anemia and neutropenia, while copper overload is associated with neurodegenerative diseases like Wilson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. The sensing performance of copper-mediated click chemistry is hindered by poor nucleic acid ligation efficiency and the difficulty in removing ligation products. To overcome these issues, we developed a renewable framework nucleic acid sensing interface for the ultrasensitive detection of copper ions, leveraging the synergistic effects of click chemistry and DNAzyme catalysis. For the first time, we found that the tetrahedron DNA nanostructure (TDN) could enhance the G-quadruplex/Hemin complex catalysis activity in a noncovalent assembled fashion. This enhancement benefits from the negative charge microenvironment of the TDN skeleton, which improve the binding affinity of DNAzyme toward the positive charge substrate. Accompanying with increasing the local concentration of azide group modified strands, and improving accessibility of that, a high ligation efficiency of split G-rich sequence was implemented on the TDN scaffold <em>via</em> click-chemistry. This synergetic enhancement of click chemistry and DNAzyme catalysis enables ultrasensitive detection of copper ions, and the limit of detection was 28.1 pM, which is 200 times lower than that without TDN manner. More importantly, the click chemistry product can be removed by breaking Hoogsteen hydrogen bond in an alkaline condition, enabling a renewable sensing interface. Furthermore, this approach was also succeed applied for the alkaline phosphatase activity analysis. This work further extended the functional of TDN and provide a reference for the construction of TDN-based multifunctional sensing interface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":252,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectrochemistry","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 109048"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A high-sensitivity ECL biosensor for single-cell analysis: Integrating CRISPR/Cas12a and entropy-driven amplification","authors":"Jiaying Wang ,&nbsp;Yu Tian ,&nbsp;Kai Zhang ,&nbsp;Yi Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.109045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.109045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a homogeneous electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor for ultrasensitive detection of HEK293 cells by targeting the hERG potassium channel at the single-cell level. The biosensor integrates multiple signal amplification steps, including photocleavable DNA–antibody conjugates, entropy-driven strand displacement, T7 RNA polymerase-mediated transcription, and CRISPR/Cas12a-mediated trans-cleavage. This cascade enables precise and robust signal enhancement. A key feature of the system is its ability to generate a clearly measurable ECL response from as little as a single HEK293 cell, without the need for signal averaging. Specificity was confirmed using unrelated cell lines and mismatched DNA sequences, with minimal background observed in negative controls. Optimization of key parameters—such as enzyme concentrations, reaction times, and duplex composition—ensured consistent and reproducible performance. ECL measurements were conducted under a defined voltage scan (0–1.3 V) in a three-electrode system, and emission signals were recorded using a photomultiplier tube. This biosensor demonstrates the feasibility of single-cell detection with high sensitivity and specificity, offering a promising platform for future applications in cell-based analysis and molecular diagnostics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":252,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectrochemistry","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 109045"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impedimetric biosensor based on gold nanostructures and concanavalin A for glycoproteins detection","authors":"Diana R. Cunha,&nbsp;Marcela A. Segundo,&nbsp;M. Beatriz Quinaz","doi":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.109042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.109042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glycoproteins play critical roles in biological processes and serve as key biomarkers in diseases such as cancer. They also represent a significant category of biopharmaceuticals, such as monoclonal antibodies and therapeutic enzymes where glycosylation critically impacts their stability, efficacy, and immunogenicity. Consequently, reliable analytical methods are essential for assessing glycoproteins in both clinical diagnostics and biomanufacturing. In this work, it was developed a label-free impedimetric biosensor for glycoprotein detection using Concanavalin A immobilized on a self-assembled monolayer-modified screen-printed gold electrode. The biosensor construction was optimized through gold electrodeposition, mitigating batch-to-batch variability and improving sensor reproducibility, by combining an initial pre-treatment with potassium hydroxide + hydrogen peroxide with the electrodeposition of Au nanostructures. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was employed to monitor glycoprotein-lectin interactions, with invertase as a model glycoprotein. The biosensor demonstrated good sensitivity, achieving a detection limit of 0.19 nM for invertase and 0.69 μM for Rituximab (therapeutic mAb). Differences in glycan structure and charge influenced biosensor response. The sensor's applicability in biopharmaceutical analysis was validated through Rituximab detection in a surrogate cell culture supernatant, achieving a recovery of 101 %. These findings underscore the potential of Concanavalin A-based impedimetric biosensors for rapid, cost-effective tool for glycoprotein analysis in biopharmaceutical quality control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":252,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectrochemistry","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 109042"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}