BioelectrochemistryPub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109230
Xiaolin Zhang, Zhicheng Li, Fangfang Yang, Jieyu Zhang, Jing Yu, Li Wang, Shufeng Liu
{"title":"Engineering a flat-lying three-stranded duplex probe for catalytic DNA circuit toward enhanced electrochemical biosensing","authors":"Xiaolin Zhang, Zhicheng Li, Fangfang Yang, Jieyu Zhang, Jing Yu, Li Wang, Shufeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nucleic acid probe design and immobilization are fundamental to the high performance of biosensors. However, the dependence on elaborate fabrication processes or meticulous optimization of probe immobilization poses challenges to achieving reliable bioanalysis and high sensing efficiency. Herein, we report an effective strategy for constructing electrochemical DNA biosensor that leverages a catalytic DNA reaction on a uniquely designed three-stranded duplex (TSD) probe. The TSD probe is engineered with an internally positioned thiol group to adopt a favorable flat-lying immobilization orientation. Compared to conventional upright TSD probe, the flat-lying design facilitates a more accessible interface and more stable assembly density with reduced dependence on immobilization concentration. This flat-lying system demonstrated superior sensing performance, including a faster reaction rate (completed within 1.5 h vs. 2.5 h for upright probes) and a lower detection limit of 244 fM for target, which is about 40-fold better than the upright configuration. The sensor also demonstrated excellent selectivity against mismatched sequences, better reproducibility and was successfully applied for target detection in diluted serum. This work presents a novel and facile probe design and immobilization paradigm that eliminates the traditional need for complex density optimization, offering a robust sensing platform for highly sensitive and efficient DNA detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":252,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectrochemistry","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 109230"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BioelectrochemistryPub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109231
Lucie Žaloudková , Vojtěch Hamala , Peter Šebest , Marek Zelinka , Hana Černocká , Jindřich Karban , Veronika Ostatná
{"title":"Electrochemical sensing of organoferrocene ligand interaction with serum albumin in dimethyl sulfoxide media","authors":"Lucie Žaloudková , Vojtěch Hamala , Peter Šebest , Marek Zelinka , Hana Černocká , Jindřich Karban , Veronika Ostatná","doi":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protein-ligand interactions are crucial for understanding biochemical reactions and pathways, as well as for the design of new therapeutics. In this work, we compare the electrochemical behavior of four neutral organoferrocene ligands that differ in the number of monosaccharide and ferrocene units. The presence of a carbohydrate moiety results in increased hydrophilicity, while ferrocene units increase hydrophobicity, which significantly influences interactions with the surface, as well as with serum albumin. The adsorption of di-ferrocene ligands on the electrode surface and to serum albumin is more pronounced than that of mono-ferrocenes. Additionally, di-ferrocene ligands require dissolution in organic solvents, such as dimethyl sulfoxide, which also influences ligand-electrode and ligand-protein affinities. The conclusions of our work highlight the importance of ligand nature in determining the dissociation constant and mutual interactions with proteins, including those where ligands bind non-specifically. Electrochemical methods are suitable for studying the interactions of hydrophobic ligands with proteins because the ligands are typically present at micromolar concentrations to ensure their solubility in water. In addition, these methods exhibit high sensitivity to subtle structural changes of the protein.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":252,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectrochemistry","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 109231"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Examination of influence of microfluidic flow and antibody orientation on biosensor performance: A case study with CA125 electrochemical biosensor","authors":"Neelam Vishwakarma , Shubham Kumar Patial , Mayank Garg , Suman Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.109213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.109213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ovarian cancer has always posed a challenge to the healthcare industry due to a lack of early diagnosis methods, attributed to the absence of identifiable symptoms, thereby earning it the name “silent killer”. Even though the traditional diagnostic methods provide some diagnostic capabilities, they still face several bottlenecks, highlighting the need to develop a robust, sensitive and accurate biosensor, specific to ovarian cancer biomarkers. In this study, an electrochemical platform with the microfluidic method of sample introduction was analyzed to detect cancer antigen 125 (CA125), a prominent biomarker in ovarian cancer patients. The platform was decorated with alkylamine-functionalized graphene sheets (A<sub>f</sub>GSs) and antibody aligner to act as bio-conjugation and signal-enhancing agents. Thorough structural and functionalization characterizations of the nanomaterial and sensing platform were performed. The study presents a detailed comparison of the performance of both static (drop-cast) and microfluidic sensing platforms for CA125 biomarker concentrations in the 0.0001–1000 U/mL range, with a Limit of Detection (LoD) of 6.17 μU/mL for microfluidic systems and 2.67 μU/mL for static systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":252,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectrochemistry","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 109213"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145897939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BioelectrochemistryPub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.109214
Hasret Turkmen , Mustafa Şen
{"title":"Time-resolved, label-free electrochemical monitoring of neurotoxicity via differential pulse voltammetry","authors":"Hasret Turkmen , Mustafa Şen","doi":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.109214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.109214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neurotoxicity assessment is crucial for ensuring the safety of pharmaceuticals and chemicals while protecting public health by identifying hazardous substances. Here, a simple and innovative electrochemical neurotoxicity assay was presented using a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) integrated petri dish platform. This system serves as a rapid, quantitative, and time-resolved alternative to standard neurotoxicity assays such as the MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test and is particularly suited for drug development studies. Briefly, the surface of SPCEs were modified with poly-<span>l</span>-lysine (PLL) to enhance both the electrochemical signal and the adherence of human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. Electrochemical measurements were taken in 0.5 mM [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3−/4−</sup> whose non-toxic effect was confirmed, and a good relationship was observed between electrochemical signal and cell viability. The electrochemical platform was then successfully tested to assess the toxic effects of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and doxorubicin. These findings demonstrate the platform's potential for routine electrochemical neurotoxicity evaluation and emphasize the feasibility of using a cell-based analytical system for toxicity screening applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":252,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectrochemistry","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 109214"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145897940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BioelectrochemistryPub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109241
Emily Hellwich , Maria Luisa Barcena , Pamela Sowa , Vitalij Novickij , Igor Tsaur , Tilman E. Schäffer , Aleksander Kielbik
{"title":"Extracellular Ca2+ drives cytoskeletal remodeling and cell swelling following nanosecond pulsed electric field exposure","authors":"Emily Hellwich , Maria Luisa Barcena , Pamela Sowa , Vitalij Novickij , Igor Tsaur , Tilman E. Schäffer , Aleksander Kielbik","doi":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cell swelling and cytoskeletal disruption are known to be secondary effects of cell membrane permeabilization induced by nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs). In this study, we used healthy and cancer urothelial cells to investigate the role of Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx on cytoskeleton remodeling and morphological changes of cells following exposure. A train of 200 nsPEFs (300 ns pulse duration, 10 Hz), delivered via contact electrodes, effectively permeabilized the cell membrane in an isosmotic physiological solution. Subsequent shrinkage of the actin cortex and a reduction in actin fluorescence were observed only in the presence of extracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup>. In its absence, no significant changes in the phalloidin-stained actin cortex were detected. Time-lapse imaging using scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) revealed that a significantly greater and more immediate increase in projected cell area and cell volume occurred after nsPEFs exposure in a solution containing Ca<sup>2+</sup> compared to a solution without Ca<sup>2+</sup>. These findings demonstrate that Ca<sup>2+</sup> is a key driver of actin cytoskeleton disintegration and morphological changes following membrane permeabilization with nsPEFs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":252,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectrochemistry","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 109241"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BioelectrochemistryPub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2025-12-29DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.109208
Adrijana Savevska , Yuanyuan Guo
{"title":"Critical perspectives on thermally-drawn multimaterial and multifunctional fiber-based neural interface for neurochemical sensing and modulation","authors":"Adrijana Savevska , Yuanyuan Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.109208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.109208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Advanced healthcare and biomedical research require innovative approaches in the design and integration of materials for next-generation implantable biomedical devices. Recently, thermally drawn multimaterial and multifunctional fibers have been developed, which have significantly advanced biomedical implants with multifunctionality, miniaturization, and mechanical compliance with biological tissue. However, advances in their capabilities, particularly <em>in vivo</em> electrochemical sensing and modulation, remain limited. This review aims to bridge the gap between electrochemical sensing, thermally drawn fiber technology, and neurochemical monitoring and modulation. Recent advances in fiber-based electrochemical sensors are highlighted, with a focus on material selection, surface modification methods, and detection techniques. Despite significant progress in this interdisciplinary field, challenges persist in ensuring the long-term stability, biocompatibility, and scalability of these sensors within complex physiological environments such as the brain. In addition to mentioning the current limitations, we emphasize the potential of fiber probes to elevate fundamental life-science research and clinical diagnostics to a new level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":252,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectrochemistry","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 109208"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BioelectrochemistryPub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109227
Chunxiu Jiang , Meng Zhao , Anqing Li , Yahan Li , Pan Liu , Zhong Li , Fuhui Wang , Dake Xu
{"title":"Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans accelerates the crevice corrosion of 316L stainless steel in simulated oral environment","authors":"Chunxiu Jiang , Meng Zhao , Anqing Li , Yahan Li , Pan Liu , Zhong Li , Fuhui Wang , Dake Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metallic materials used in oral applications are simultaneously exposed to microbial colonization and crevices. Understanding the synergistic effects of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) and crevice corrosion is essential to ensure the long-term performance and safety of dental alloys. Herein, we systematically investigated the corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel (SS) under conditions with and without <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> and simulated crevices. <em>S. mutans</em> formed a dense biofilm on open surfaces, while looser biofilm was detected inside the crevice. Electrochemical tests, along with corrosion morphology and product analyses, demonstrated that both <em>S. mutans</em> and crevices independently increased the corrosion rate of 316L SS. Notably, their coexistence induced a pronounced synergistic effect, elevating the corrosion current density from 0.10 ± 0.03 μA cm<sup>−2</sup> (sterile, no crevice) to 4.35 ± 0.20 μA cm<sup>−2</sup>. The most severe corrosion occurred inside the crevice, with a maximum pit depth of 3.7 μm after 14 days. Mott–Schottky analysis further confirmed that the combined effect of biofilm and crevice impaired the integrity of passive film. Based on these results and classical theory, we proposed an accelerated corrosion mechanism whereby the synergistic effect between biofilms and crevice critically accelerated the corrosion of 316L SS in the oral environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":252,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectrochemistry","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 109227"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BioelectrochemistryPub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109226
Cam Abdullaeva , Daniel Coughlin , Nadiah Alyamni , Alexander G. Zestos
{"title":"Characterizing human endorphins with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry and carbon fiber microelectrodes","authors":"Cam Abdullaeva , Daniel Coughlin , Nadiah Alyamni , Alexander G. Zestos","doi":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Endorphins are three proteins that belong to a family of neuropeptides that regulate pain perception, mood, and immune function by targeting opioid receptors. The biological role of ꞵ-endorphin is well studied, but α- and γ-endorphins are less understood. By creating more fast and reliable methods of detection, we can progress towards determining the physiological role of each endorphin. Carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs) are promising sensors for biomolecule detection as they are small, cheap sensors that can target specific brain regions. Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is an electroanalytical technique, often coupled with CFMEs, that has been used to measure a variety of neurotransmitters (NTs) and neuropeptides. This method is of interest due to its exceptionally high temporal resolution, but it is also relatively affordable, minimally invasive, and biocompatible. Because the endorphins contain tyrosine, they can be easily measured with FSCV using a modified sawhorse waveform (MSW). Endorphins were detected at as low as nanomolar concentrations with high stability, exhibiting a mixed adsorption- and diffusion-controlled mechanism, and can be co-detected with small molecule NTs such as dopamine (DA). ꞵ-Endorphins saturated the electrode quicker due to its bulkier size, and the CFME was found to be significantly more sensitive to α-endorphin than γ-endorphin. Finally, we detected endorphins in brain samples for proof of principle analysis of the assay.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":252,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectrochemistry","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 109226"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146008077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BioelectrochemistryPub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109234
Bal-Ram Adhikari , Reem Elmahdy , Carlos A. Ramirez , Jacek Lipkowski , Aicheng Chen
{"title":"Electrochemical detection of thyroglobulin based upon biomimetic thyroid chemistry","authors":"Bal-Ram Adhikari , Reem Elmahdy , Carlos A. Ramirez , Jacek Lipkowski , Aicheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report on a novel nature-inspired electrochemical platform for the sensitive detection of thyroglobulin (Tg), a critical biomarker for monitoring treatment efficacy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer following thyroidectomy. Current Tg diagnostic strategies typically require multiple complex reactions that require various washing steps and stringent experimental protocols. For this study, we have successfully developed a lactoperoxidase (LPO) based Ag nanoparticles (AgNP) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanohybrid platform, on which LPO was immobilized through the creation of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) followed by EDC/NHS activation. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was employed to characterize the electrochemical behaviours of the rGO-AgNP nanohybrid, prior to and following the formation of the self-assembled monolayer (SAM). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to further investigate the behaviour of the rGO-AgNP nanohybrid, following the immobilization of LPO. Our study has shown that the developed biosensor demonstrated rapid, sensitive, and selective Tg detection over a broad linear range of 4.0–90.0 ng/mL with a low limit of detection of 0.75 ng/mL, highlighting its strong potential for biological and clinical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":252,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectrochemistry","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 109234"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146111806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Silica-detoxified perovskite ECL: Cas13a-triggered signal-on sensing with CsPbBr₃@SiO₂@Au","authors":"Kangqi Xie , Haozhen Ren , Dingpeng Ban , Luchang Chen , Xudong Xin , Jiayi Zhang , Qianli Tang , Longjian Huang , Jihua Wei , Kai Zhang , Xianjiu Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perovskite nanocrystals are attractive ECL emitters but suffer from poor water stability and potential toxicity. Here we report a signal-on electrochemiluminescent biosensor that integrates CsPbBr₃@SiO₂@Au nanocomposites with a CRISPR/Cas13a–Nb.<em>Bbv</em>CI amplification cascade for ultrasensitive microRNA detection. The CsPbBr₃ core provides bright emission, a conformal SiO₂ shell enhances water compatibility and suppresses ion leakage, and surface Au nanoparticles offer abundant sites for thiolated ferrocene-hairpin (Fc-HP) immobilization. In the resting state, proximal Fc efficiently quenches the CsPbBr₃ ECL. Target miRNA activates Cas13a to cleave a dumbbell probe and release an intermediate strand that hybridizes with Fc-HP; subsequent Nb.<em>Bbv</em>CI nicking removes Fc from the electrode and is recycled, producing robust signal restoration. Morphology (TEM), composition (EDS/XPS), and stepwise electrochemistry (CV/EIS) verify a core–shell–Au architecture and a reliably assembled interface that follows the expected quench→restore behavior. Under optimized conditions (0.5 mg mL<sup>−1</sup> CsPbBr₃@SiO₂@Au, 2.0 μM Fc-HP, 40 min target incubation, 100 mM TPrA, 120 s pre-reaction), the assay affords a 1 aM–1.0 × 10<sup>9</sup> aM linear range with an estimated limit of detection (LOD) of 1.86 aM. The sensor shows high specificity against homologous sequences and achieves 95.22%–104.61% recoveries with RSD < 5% in spiked serum. Pilot measurements distinguish patient serum samples from healthy controls, underscoring clinical potential. This modular platform couples stable perovskite ECL emission with programmable CRISPR chemistry, offering a sensitive, selective, and water-compatible route for microRNA analysis and readily extensible nucleic-acid diagnostics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":252,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectrochemistry","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 109243"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146103256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}