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Time-Resolved Laser Calorimetry of Photoinitiated Processes 光引发过程的时间分辨激光量热法
Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/laca.1990.tuc2
J. M. Harris, P. E. Poston, P. Stone, X. Zhu
{"title":"Time-Resolved Laser Calorimetry of Photoinitiated Processes","authors":"J. M. Harris, P. E. Poston, P. Stone, X. Zhu","doi":"10.1364/laca.1990.tuc2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/laca.1990.tuc2","url":null,"abstract":"Photothermal spectroscopy with pulsed laser sources is developing into\u0000 a powerful method for determining nonradiative, excited state quantum\u0000 yields and decay kinetics of molecules in solution. The measurement is\u0000 an example of photocalorimetry where the heat given off by the decay\u0000 of excited states and/or photoproducts is observed as an increase in\u0000 the sample temperature. Photoacoustic spectroscopy with a pulsed laser\u0000 and a high bandwidth piezo electric transducer allows the\u0000 time-dependence of the heat release from excited states to be measured\u0000 directly with submicrosecond time resolution. The instrument signature\u0000 on the heat signal for this method, however, is not ideal for\u0000 determining the photoreaction kinetics of the sample due to acoustic\u0000 resonances and lack of any low-frequency response.","PeriodicalId":252738,"journal":{"name":"Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128602629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Secondary Laser Emission from Underwater Plasma Induced by Laser Breakdown of Ultrafine Particle 超细粒子激光击穿诱导水下等离子体二次激光发射
Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/laca.1992.mb2
T. Kitamori, Masato Nakamura, T. Sawada
{"title":"Secondary Laser Emission from Underwater Plasma Induced by Laser Breakdown of Ultrafine Particle","authors":"T. Kitamori, Masato Nakamura, T. Sawada","doi":"10.1364/laca.1992.mb2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/laca.1992.mb2","url":null,"abstract":"Laser breakdown spectroscopy for analyzing ultrafine particulates in liquids has been proposed.1) The laser breakdown of an ultrafine particle is induced by irradiation of a focused pulsed laser. Acoustic emission from plasma was applied for particle counting and plasma emission was used for elemental analysis.","PeriodicalId":252738,"journal":{"name":"Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133581835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Resonant Laser Ablation: Threshold Behavior and Semiquantitative Aspects 共振激光烧蚀:阈值行为和半定量方面
Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/laca.1994.thb.3
J. Anderson, G. Eiden, N. S. Nogar
{"title":"Resonant Laser Ablation: Threshold Behavior and Semiquantitative Aspects","authors":"J. Anderson, G. Eiden, N. S. Nogar","doi":"10.1364/laca.1994.thb.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/laca.1994.thb.3","url":null,"abstract":"Ever since the first report of laser action, it has been recognized that laser ablation (evaporation/volatilization) may provide a useful sampling mechanism for chemical analysis. In particular, laser ablation is rapidly gaining popularity as a method of sample introduction for mass spectrometry. Since its original description, numerous research papers and review articles have appeared on various aspects of laser mass spectrometry.1,2 While most laser ablation/mass spectrometry has been performed with fixed frequency lasers operating at relatively high intensities/fluences (≥108 W/cm2, ≥1 J/cm2), there has been some recent interest in the use of tunable lasers to enhance the ionization yield of selected components in an analytical sample. This process has been termed resonant laser ablation (RLA).3–5 Potential advantages of RLA include: 1) simplification of the mass spectrum, by enhancement of signal from the analyte of interest; 2) improvement of the absolute detection limits by improving the ionization efficiency, and 3) improvement in relative sensitivity by reduction of spurious signal in the detection channel of interest (due to bleed through from adjascent mass channels or from isobaric interferences).","PeriodicalId":252738,"journal":{"name":"Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133437781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adsorbates at Interfaces studied by Nonlinear Optics 非线性光学研究界面上的吸附
Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/laca.1990.ma3
Viola Vogel, Xuhua Xiao, C. Mullin, Y. Shen
{"title":"Adsorbates at Interfaces studied by Nonlinear Optics","authors":"Viola Vogel, Xuhua Xiao, C. Mullin, Y. Shen","doi":"10.1364/laca.1990.ma3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/laca.1990.ma3","url":null,"abstract":"Second-order nonlinear optical techniques have been demonstrated to be highly surface specific. The adsorption of monolayers at various interfaces, e.g., metal/vacuum, glass/water or water/air, etc., can be probed with a submonolayer sensitivity. Detailed molecular information, such as the mean orientational distribution of the surface molecules, the surface concentration of adsorbates, the nonlinearity of adsorbates, and so on, can be deduced from the measurements.","PeriodicalId":252738,"journal":{"name":"Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis","volume":"183 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132401987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Application Of Diode Lasers To Atmospheric Diagnostics 二极管激光器在大气诊断中的应用
Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/laca.1994.wb.1
J. A. Silver, D. Hovde, D. Bomse, D. Oh, D. Kane, A. Stanton
{"title":"Application Of Diode Lasers To Atmospheric Diagnostics","authors":"J. A. Silver, D. Hovde, D. Bomse, D. Oh, D. Kane, A. Stanton","doi":"10.1364/laca.1994.wb.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/laca.1994.wb.1","url":null,"abstract":"Diode lasers provide reliable, inexpensive and compact sources of light readily usable for the detection of virtually any small molecule in the gas phase. In particular, near-infrared and visible diodes exhibit properties especially attractive to real-world measurement applications: operation at room temperature, fiber optic compatibility and minimal power requirements. These lasers can be used in rugged instruments designed for long-term, unattended operation. In this paper, a diverse range of applications in atmospheric sensing is discussed.","PeriodicalId":252738,"journal":{"name":"Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121783352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Near-Field Optics for Exceeding Diffraction Limits in Spectroscopy and Microscopy. 光谱学和显微镜中超过衍射极限的近场光学。
Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/laca.1992.ma2
T. Harris, J. Trautman, E. Betzig
{"title":"Near-Field Optics for Exceeding Diffraction Limits in Spectroscopy and Microscopy.","authors":"T. Harris, J. Trautman, E. Betzig","doi":"10.1364/laca.1992.ma2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/laca.1992.ma2","url":null,"abstract":"The success of single molecule detection schemes using sheath flow cuvettes as sample cells illustrates the advantage of restricted illumination and probe volume for maximizing detectability or spectroscopy of small objects. The limit to this strategy with conventional optics is diffraction, minimum dimensions of λ/2. The practical limits imposed by physical congestion of optical components may prevent realization of even this limit. The need for optical and spectroscopic characterization of a variety of objects, technological, biological, and chemical, much smaller than λ/2, has driven research toward strategies of optical microscopy with higher resolution.","PeriodicalId":252738,"journal":{"name":"Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125770874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Laser Spectroscopic Diagnostics for CVD Diamond Growth CVD金刚石生长的激光光谱诊断
Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/laca.1992.tha2
R. Shaw, W. Whitten, J. Ramsey
{"title":"Laser Spectroscopic Diagnostics for CVD Diamond Growth","authors":"R. Shaw, W. Whitten, J. Ramsey","doi":"10.1364/laca.1992.tha2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/laca.1992.tha2","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods have become increasingly important for the manufacture of technologically-significant thin films. Numerous examples exist in the semiconductor and wear hardening coatings industries. The growth of polycrystalline diamond thin films from light hydrocarbons has recently received great interest, and several U. S. and foreign manufacturers have already begun to market products.","PeriodicalId":252738,"journal":{"name":"Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130259886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
10.5 eV Photoionization Mass Spectroscopy 10.5 eV光电离质谱
Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/laca.1990.pd1
S. V. Van Bramer, M. Johnston
{"title":"10.5 eV Photoionization Mass Spectroscopy","authors":"S. V. Van Bramer, M. Johnston","doi":"10.1364/laca.1990.pd1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/laca.1990.pd1","url":null,"abstract":"Laser ionization is becoming an increasingly powerful tool in mass spectroscopy. By frequency tripling the third harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser (355 nm) in a mixture of xenon and argon, it is possible to produce coherent vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation at 118 nm (10.5 eV) for laser ionization mass spectroscopy. 10.5 eV photoionization is a potentially powerful tool for soft ionization. Since 10.5 eV is close to the ionization energy of most molecules, little fragmentation should be induced. Since no resonant intermediate state is required in a one photon process the ionization efficiency should be relatively high and consistent for most compounds when compared to multiphoton ionization. The 10.5 eV mass spectra of aliphatic C8 compounds with functional groups which induce extensive fragmentation will be discussed in this presentation.","PeriodicalId":252738,"journal":{"name":"Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127964003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Detection of Transient and Stable Species in Low Pressure Flames 低压火焰中瞬态和稳定物质的检测
Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/laca.1990.tuc14
R. Sausa, R. J. Locke, S. Howard, B. Forch, A. Miziolek, J. S. Bernstein, T. Cool
{"title":"Detection of Transient and Stable Species in Low Pressure Flames","authors":"R. Sausa, R. J. Locke, S. Howard, B. Forch, A. Miziolek, J. S. Bernstein, T. Cool","doi":"10.1364/laca.1990.tuc14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/laca.1990.tuc14","url":null,"abstract":"Profiles of major and minor species in low pressure flames are needed to better understand the chemistry occuring in flames and to validate existing chemical kinetic flame models.","PeriodicalId":252738,"journal":{"name":"Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129942345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of Doppler Broadening and Unequal Pump Intensities in Saturated Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing Spectroscopy 饱和简并四波混频光谱中多普勒展宽和不均匀泵浦强度的影响
Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/laca.1994.fb.2
R. Lucht, Michael S. Brown, L. Rahn
{"title":"Effects of Doppler Broadening and Unequal Pump Intensities in Saturated Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing Spectroscopy","authors":"R. Lucht, Michael S. Brown, L. Rahn","doi":"10.1364/laca.1994.fb.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/laca.1994.fb.2","url":null,"abstract":"Degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) is a technique that shows great promise for sensitive measurements of transient gas-phase species, and diagnostic applications of DFWM are being pursued actively at laboratories throughout the world. Applications of DFWM as a combustion diagnostic and as a tool for molecular spectroscopy are reviewed in a recent article by Farrow and Rakestraw (1992). However, significant questions remain regarding strategies for quantitative concentration measurements using DFWM.","PeriodicalId":252738,"journal":{"name":"Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126479723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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