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How to find the limit of sensitivity for DNA-base identification by laser-induced fluorescence 如何确定激光诱导荧光法鉴定dna碱基的灵敏度极限
Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/laca.1992.mc3
M. Köllner, Jürgen Wolfram
{"title":"How to find the limit of sensitivity for DNA-base identification by laser-induced fluorescence","authors":"M. Köllner, Jürgen Wolfram","doi":"10.1364/laca.1992.mc3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/laca.1992.mc3","url":null,"abstract":"To optimize laser-induced fluorescence experiments, we will undertake to find the limit of sensitivity - in numbers of molecules - for experiments that identify certain types of molecules, e.g. DNA-bases labelled with dyes. The experimental method to be considered is single photon counting or time-con-elated-single-photon-counting (TCSPC). The basic idea for the analysis is to look at the experiment from the data-analysis side, to find (a) an optimum statistical procedure for the analysis problem and (b) to find out what signal strength it needs.","PeriodicalId":252738,"journal":{"name":"Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125377736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mapping chemical properties of advanced materials using imaging Raman spectroscopy 利用成像拉曼光谱绘制先进材料的化学性质
Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/laca.1990.ma5
D. Veirs, J. Ager, Eric T. Loucks, G. Rosenblatt
{"title":"Mapping chemical properties of advanced materials using imaging Raman spectroscopy","authors":"D. Veirs, J. Ager, Eric T. Loucks, G. Rosenblatt","doi":"10.1364/laca.1990.ma5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/laca.1990.ma5","url":null,"abstract":"Partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) is a microengineered material in which a phase transformation from tetragonal to monoclinic occurs in the stress field surrounding a crack. This transformed zone inhibits further crack growth, thus toughening the material. A complete understanding of the toughening mechanism relies upon a precise measurement of the zone parameters.1 Measurement of the zone parameters requires a spatially resolved technique sensitive to martensitic phase changes in which the atomic composition is unchanged. Raman spectroscopy is a sensitive technique in applications where non-destructive chemical analysis is desired. Spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy where up to 1000 adjacent spatial elements are collected and analyzed simultaneously is possible using a two-dimensional detector and appropriate collection optics and analysis software.2 The spatial resolution, determined by the detector’s spatial resolution and the magnification of the collection optics, can approach 2 μm. Translating the sample in one dimension allows a 2-D map of the chemical composition to be produced efficiently.","PeriodicalId":252738,"journal":{"name":"Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125415368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Semiconductor Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy in Pico-liter Volume Flow-Cells 微升体积流动电池中的半导体激光诱导荧光光谱
Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/laca.1992.mc2
Anders P. Larson, H. Ahlberg, S. Folestad
{"title":"Semiconductor Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy in Pico-liter Volume Flow-Cells","authors":"Anders P. Larson, H. Ahlberg, S. Folestad","doi":"10.1364/laca.1992.mc2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/laca.1992.mc2","url":null,"abstract":"In this study the potential of using visible semiconductor lasers as the excitation source for laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIF) of nano-liter to pico-liter samples has been evaluated. The incentive to work with LIF in the upper visible and near infrared wavelength region is the possibility to design a system that is not limited by any background fluorescence, e.g. from a capillary flow-cell or the liquid eluent [1]. The system described here was mainly designed for applications to chemical ultra-trace analysis when combined with miniaturized separation techniques such as capillary liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. A concentration limit of detection in the lower pico-molar range (6.3 - 58 · 10-12 mol/L) was obtained for a model fluorescent compound, HITCI (1,1’,3,3,3',3'-hexamethyl-indotricarbocyanine iodide). The smallest illuminated volume was 0.7·10-12 L using an 11 μm inner diameter fused silica capillary flow-cell. These figures compares well with the best obtained using conventional gas-lasers for LIF [2,3]. An important advantage with the semiconductor LIF system, except from that it is inexpensive, is that the compactness and the high performance of the components makes it highly suitable for portability.","PeriodicalId":252738,"journal":{"name":"Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128113025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
CARS as a spectroscopic probe of a methyl chloride-air flat flame CARS作为一种氯甲烷-空气扁平火焰的光谱探针
Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/laca.1992.tub2
D. J. Funk, B. Palmer, R. Oldenborg
{"title":"CARS as a spectroscopic probe of a methyl chloride-air flat flame","authors":"D. J. Funk, B. Palmer, R. Oldenborg","doi":"10.1364/laca.1992.tub2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/laca.1992.tub2","url":null,"abstract":"Spectroscopic characterization of methane-air and methyl chloride-air flat flames are carried out in the 600-900-cm-1 region using folded polarization BOXCARS.","PeriodicalId":252738,"journal":{"name":"Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123650164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing for Quantitative Diagnostic Measurements 用于定量诊断测量的简并四波混频
Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/laca.1994.fb.1
R. Farrow, P. Paul, E. Friedman-Hill, P. Danehy
{"title":"Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing for Quantitative Diagnostic Measurements","authors":"R. Farrow, P. Paul, E. Friedman-Hill, P. Danehy","doi":"10.1364/laca.1994.fb.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/laca.1994.fb.1","url":null,"abstract":"We report theoretical and experimental studies of the effects of collisional quenching and the contributions of thermal gratings in degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM).1 Using single-mode laser radiation, peak signal intensity measurements were performed on an isolated line in the A-X transition of NO. By using appropriate mixtures of N2 and CO2 as buffer gases, we varied the collisional quenching rate over several orders of magnitude while maintaining a fixed total collisional dephasing rate. The varying quenching rate also had the effect of varying the heat released by population gratings to form thermal gratings, permitting detailed comparisons of signal intensities from both mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":252738,"journal":{"name":"Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130518784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Relaxation and Quenching of Excited States of Br2 in CC14 Studied by Photothermal Gratings Combined with Near-IR Fluorescence 利用光热光栅结合近红外荧光研究CC14中Br2激发态的弛豫和猝灭
Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/laca.1992.pd6
X. Zhu, J. M. Harris
{"title":"Relaxation and Quenching of Excited States of Br2 in CC14 Studied by Photothermal Gratings Combined with Near-IR Fluorescence","authors":"X. Zhu, J. M. Harris","doi":"10.1364/laca.1992.pd6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/laca.1992.pd6","url":null,"abstract":"Relaxation and quenching of excited states of Br2 in CC14 is studied by time-resolved photothermal grating combined with near-IR fluorescence. A slow rise in diffraction transient signals from photothermal gratings, due to nonradiative relaxation of excited states, is observed for Br2 in CC14. Near-IR fluorescence measurement reveals that there are two decay components; the fast component has a lifetime about 6 ns, and the slower component has a lifetime around 20 ns, depending on Br2 concentration and oxygen content in the sample. The slower component is assigned to the decay of A' state. From the amplitudes of thermal grating, the quantum yield of the A' state formation is estimated to be 0.33+0.03. Stern-Volmer plot of the measured decay rate of A' state, including results obtained from both near-IR fluorescence and photothermal grating measurement, suggests that quenching of A' state proceeds initially at diffusion-limited rate at low concentration and reduces to nondiffusion-limited at higher concentration. Possible mechanisms for the observed decrease of quenching rate as concentration increases are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":252738,"journal":{"name":"Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114966961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Raman Lidar Measurements of Atmospheric Water Vapor: Development of a Daytime-Optimized System 大气水蒸气的拉曼激光雷达测量:日间优化系统的开发
Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/laca.1992.tuc2
J. Goldsmith, D. Whiteman, S. Bisson, R. Ferrare, M. Lapp, S. Melfi
{"title":"Raman Lidar Measurements of Atmospheric Water Vapor: Development of a Daytime-Optimized System","authors":"J. Goldsmith, D. Whiteman, S. Bisson, R. Ferrare, M. Lapp, S. Melfi","doi":"10.1364/laca.1992.tuc2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/laca.1992.tuc2","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes our research program on development of a Raman lidar system for measuring daytime profiles of atmospheric water vapor. The Raman lidar technique is a leading candidate for providing the high-resolution, day-night profiling of water vapor that is critical to programs in global climate change research. Because of the crucial role that water vapor plays directly in the earth’s radiation budget as an absorber, as well as its role in cloud formation and optical phenomenology, accurate, three-dimensional measurements of water-vapor concentration are an essential part of the experimental capability that is anticipated to be required for climate-change research.","PeriodicalId":252738,"journal":{"name":"Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134240305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Elemental Analysis of Actinide Compounds / Materials Via the Optical Emission from Laser-Initiated Microplasmas 利用激光激发微等离子体的光发射分析锕系化合物/材料的元素
Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/laca.1992.wc3
J.E. Barefleld, R. Dyer, M. D. Ferran
{"title":"Elemental Analysis of Actinide Compounds / Materials Via the Optical Emission from Laser-Initiated Microplasmas","authors":"J.E. Barefleld, R. Dyer, M. D. Ferran","doi":"10.1364/laca.1992.wc3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/laca.1992.wc3","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work is to develop real-time in situ capabilities for monitoring actinide (particularly plutonium and americium) concentrations in molten salt media. In this report, we discuss the state of the art Laser-Induced Atomic Emission (LIAE) apparatus which we have developed and report survey atomic emission spectra for solid samples of PuC13, AmO2, PuO2, and SRL waste glass.","PeriodicalId":252738,"journal":{"name":"Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132925023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Laser-Induced Fluorescence and Stimulated Emission in Combustion Diagnostics 燃烧诊断中的激光诱导荧光和受激发射
Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/laca.1992.tub3
U. Westblom
{"title":"Laser-Induced Fluorescence and Stimulated Emission in Combustion Diagnostics","authors":"U. Westblom","doi":"10.1364/laca.1992.tub3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/laca.1992.tub3","url":null,"abstract":"Results from investigations of the effects of photo-chemical processes and stimulated emission on laser-induced fluorescence are discussed in the context of combustion diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":252738,"journal":{"name":"Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130051514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
First, detection of the visible absorption spectrum of H2O+ and D2O+ 首先，检测H2O+和D2O+的可见吸收光谱
Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/laca.1992.wc8
Biman Das, Zuyong Xia, R. Marawar, J. Farley
{"title":"First, detection of the visible absorption spectrum of H2O+ and D2O+","authors":"Biman Das, Zuyong Xia, R. Marawar, J. Farley","doi":"10.1364/laca.1992.wc8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/laca.1992.wc8","url":null,"abstract":"The visible emission spectrum of the water cation, H2O+, is a prominent feature in comet tails, and is often observed in laboratory discharges. However, until now the visible electronic spectrum has never been observed in absorption. We have used a tunable ring dye laser and a velocity-modulated discharge to detect the\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A\u0000 ˜\u0000 \u0000 2\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A\u0000 ˜\u0000 \u0000 1\u0000 \u0000 −\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 X\u0000 ˜\u0000 \u0000 2\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 B\u0000 ˜\u0000 \u0000 1\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 visible electronic spectrum in absorption, in H2O+ and D2O+.","PeriodicalId":252738,"journal":{"name":"Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis","volume":"8 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113984967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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