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On-Line Analysis of Single Microparticles by Rapid Single-Particle Mass Spectrometry 快速单粒子质谱法在线分析单个微粒
Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/laca.1994.tha.2
M. Johnston, P. G. Carson, K. Neubauer, B. Mansoori, A. S. Wexler
{"title":"On-Line Analysis of Single Microparticles by Rapid Single-Particle Mass Spectrometry","authors":"M. Johnston, P. G. Carson, K. Neubauer, B. Mansoori, A. S. Wexler","doi":"10.1364/laca.1994.tha.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/laca.1994.tha.2","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous methods have been developed to analyze particulate matter in ambient aerosols. Typically, particle composition is measured by removing the particles from the gas by filtration or impaction and transporting the sample to a laboratory where “off-line” analysis is performed with either bulk or single particle analytical techniques. There are a several difficulties with these methods. First, the sample is collected over an extended period of time, so short term temporal variations in the composition cannot be resolved. Second, compounds may condense on or evaporate from the impactor surface or filter over the course of sampling, altering their composition. Third, the turnaround time between sampling and analysis is slow. For these reasons, off-line analysis based upon filtration or impaction cannot be easily adapted to real-time sampling and analysis and they may not give analytical results that are representative of the true composition. These problems can be overcome with on-line methods of analysis.","PeriodicalId":252738,"journal":{"name":"Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125998925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lidar Measurements Of Stratospheric Ozone: Comparison With Balloon-Borne Electrochemical Cell (ECC) Measurements 平流层臭氧的激光雷达测量:与气球载电化学电池(ECC)测量的比较
Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/laca.1990.wa6
J. Butler, D. Whiteman, J. Burris, A. Torres, R. Ferrare, T. Mcgee, W. Komhyr, R. Barnes
{"title":"Lidar Measurements Of Stratospheric Ozone: Comparison With Balloon-Borne Electrochemical Cell (ECC) Measurements","authors":"J. Butler, D. Whiteman, J. Burris, A. Torres, R. Ferrare, T. Mcgee, W. Komhyr, R. Barnes","doi":"10.1364/laca.1990.wa6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/laca.1990.wa6","url":null,"abstract":"The NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Stratospheric Ozone Lidar Trailer Experiment (STROZ LITE) participated in the stratospheric ozone measurement intercomparison campaigns in October-November 1988 and July-August 1989 at Table Mountain Observatory near Wrightwood, CA. As part of these campaigns ozone profiles between 20 and 35 obtained by the lidar were compared to profiles measured by Wallops Flight Facility electrochemical cell (ECC) sondes in Fall 1988 and Wallops and NOAA ECC sondes in Summer 1989.","PeriodicalId":252738,"journal":{"name":"Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis","volume":"2008 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127317877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Electrochemically Oxidized Pyrite and Galena 电化学氧化黄铁矿和方铅矿的拉曼光谱分析
Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/laca.1992.wc9
S. Turcotte, R. E. Benner, A. Riley, J. Li, M. Wadsworth
{"title":"Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Electrochemically Oxidized Pyrite and Galena","authors":"S. Turcotte, R. E. Benner, A. Riley, J. Li, M. Wadsworth","doi":"10.1364/laca.1992.wc9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/laca.1992.wc9","url":null,"abstract":"Iron pyrite is a common constituent of coal and its presence during combustion leads to the production of sulfur dioxide and acid rain. Consequently, there is a large research effort dedicated to improving the methods of separating pyrite from coal. One method of separation is to utilize the natural hydrophobicity of many sulfide ores. It has been observed that under the correct conditions of pH and electropotential that sulfide minerals are sufficiently hydrophobic that they can be readily floated. This has been attributed this to the formation of elemental sulfur on the surface of the sulfide minerals [1]. Therefore, there is an interest in identifying the conditions that give rise to sulfur formation on the pyrite surface. In this study Raman spectroscopy is used to evaluate the pyrite surface in situ for various applied potentials. As a source of comparison, the surface products of galena (PbS) and electrodeposited sulfur on platinum are also given.","PeriodicalId":252738,"journal":{"name":"Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132674253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Laser Applications of Vibrational Spectroscopy to Mineral and Coal Processing 振动光谱学在矿物和煤炭加工中的激光应用
Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/laca.1992.pd9
C. A. Young, Q. Yu, K. Knutson, J. D. Miller
{"title":"Laser Applications of Vibrational Spectroscopy to Mineral and Coal Processing","authors":"C. A. Young, Q. Yu, K. Knutson, J. D. Miller","doi":"10.1364/laca.1992.pd9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/laca.1992.pd9","url":null,"abstract":"The spectroscopic analysis of mineral and coal samples from various process operations has received much attention worldwide. Our research group is presently using four vibrational spectroscopic techniques for the in-situ characterization of these samples and their surfaces. These techniques involve Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), Fourier-transform Raman (FT- Raman), low-intensity Raman (LIRS), and scanning fluorescence (SFS) spectroscopies, each of which incorporate lasers for interferometry and/or sample excitation purposes. The fundamentals behind each of these techniques are reviewed, thereby demonstrating why lasers are necessary. Finally, experimental results are presented which describe the surface chemistry of coal/resin flotation systems and the adsorption phenomena/double-bond reactivity of unsaturated fatty acids at semisoluble salt mineral surfaces.","PeriodicalId":252738,"journal":{"name":"Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131077692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fundamental Investigations of the Mechanism of Laser Desorption and Ionization in Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption / Ionization 基质辅助激光解吸/电离中激光解吸/电离机理的基础研究
Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/laca.1994.thb.1
G. Kinsel, K. Gillig, Ricky D. Edmondson, D. Russell
{"title":"Fundamental Investigations of the Mechanism of Laser Desorption and Ionization in Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption / Ionization","authors":"G. Kinsel, K. Gillig, Ricky D. Edmondson, D. Russell","doi":"10.1364/laca.1994.thb.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/laca.1994.thb.1","url":null,"abstract":"The recent development of Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption / Ionization (MALDI) has sparked a revolution in the field of high molecular weight mass spectrometry.1 Time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectra of proteins weighing up to 300,000 Da are now routinely produced and this achievement has fostered a variety of bioanalytical applications which were previously unapproachable using conventional mass spectrometric techniques. These successful applications have burgeoned in spite of a poor understanding of the mechanism of analyte desorption and ionization under MALDI conditions. An improved understanding of the MALDI mechanism should aid in overcoming a number of limitations of the current state-of-the-art and forms the motivation for the work described.","PeriodicalId":252738,"journal":{"name":"Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133181872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Diagnostics for Emission Monitoring for Hazardous Waste Incineration 危险废物焚烧排放监测诊断方法
Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/laca.1994.fa.1
T. Cool
{"title":"Diagnostics for Emission Monitoring for Hazardous Waste Incineration","authors":"T. Cool","doi":"10.1364/laca.1994.fa.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/laca.1994.fa.1","url":null,"abstract":"The unique attributes of resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (REMPI/TOFMS) for rapid, ultrasensitive, and selective detection of toxic organics make it a promising new tool for quantitative evaluation of incinerator performance. The spectral selectivity of resonance ionization mass spectrometry, realizable with jet-cooling, eliminates the need for the time-consuming capillary column sample separation of conventional GC/MS analysis. Recent research indicates that real-time repetitive monitoring of a wide class of trace emissions at the part-per-billion level (ppb) is possible with the REMPI/TOFMS method.[1,2] Indeed, REMPI detection capabilities for specific compounds are expected to significantly influence stategies for the use of surrogates for stack gas monitoring.","PeriodicalId":252738,"journal":{"name":"Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132121405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Application Specific Semiconductor Lasers in sensor systems for chemical analysis 专用半导体激光器在化学分析传感器系统中的应用
Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/laca.1992.wc12
S. Höjer, H. Ahlberg, Björn Broberg
{"title":"Application Specific Semiconductor Lasers in sensor systems for chemical analysis","authors":"S. Höjer, H. Ahlberg, Björn Broberg","doi":"10.1364/laca.1992.wc12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/laca.1992.wc12","url":null,"abstract":"Measurement methods based on laser spectroscopic techniques have always been a very attractive solution for chemical analysis of gaseous compounds due to well known properties like high selectivity, high sensitivity, and an inherent resistance to interference effects from other gases. Laser systems for real-time monitoring of gases have been used in a number of different applications. Emission control of diffuse leakages from petrochemical plants [1] and measurements of pollutants in urban areas [2] have successfully been performed. However, due to a high degree of complexity where well trained personnel is necessary these systems are ordinarily related with high costs and therefore its use are often limited to research establishments.","PeriodicalId":252738,"journal":{"name":"Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133984947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Diagnosis of Disease in Human Tissue using Laser-Induced Fluorescence 利用激光诱导荧光技术诊断人体组织疾病
Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/laca.1990.tha6
R. Rava
{"title":"Diagnosis of Disease in Human Tissue using Laser-Induced Fluorescence","authors":"R. Rava","doi":"10.1364/laca.1990.tha6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/laca.1990.tha6","url":null,"abstract":"With the development of fiber optics, it is now possible to obtain fluorescence spectra from remote parts of the body. Thus, laser induced fluorescence (LIF) is becoming an important method for diagnosing pathology in human tissue [1-4]. In the short period of time since such studies have been undertaken, however, it is clear that consideration of the morphological and/or molecular species responsible for the fluorescence is necessary for developing accurate algorithms for diagnosing disease from tissue LIF [1-2].","PeriodicalId":252738,"journal":{"name":"Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121037385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy of Oxygen A Band Transitions for Non-Intrusive Concentration Measurements 用于非侵入式浓度测量的氧A波段跃迁波长调制光谱学
Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/laca.1994.tub.9
A. Jackson, A. Dharamsi, S. K. Chaturvedi
{"title":"Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy of Oxygen A Band Transitions for Non-Intrusive Concentration Measurements","authors":"A. Jackson, A. Dharamsi, S. K. Chaturvedi","doi":"10.1364/laca.1994.tub.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/laca.1994.tub.9","url":null,"abstract":"The technique of Frequency Modulation (FM) and Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy has been used [1] very successfully recently to perform several different types of measurements, with the applications of this technique growing as advances in semiconductor technology result in the availability of reliable, tunable single-mode semiconductor diode lasers in parts of the electromagnetic spectrum which were previously inaccessible this way.","PeriodicalId":252738,"journal":{"name":"Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121281163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Characterization of III-V Materials by Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry. III-V材料的共振电离质谱表征。
Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/laca.1990.tub2
S. Downey, R. Hozack
{"title":"Characterization of III-V Materials by Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry.","authors":"S. Downey, R. Hozack","doi":"10.1364/laca.1990.tub2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/laca.1990.tub2","url":null,"abstract":"Layered, III-V compound semiconductors are important as both electrical and optical devices in communications technology. Often, these heterostructures have complicated elemental distributions that need quantitative characterization. Depth profiling by sputtering through these layered materials is one method of obtaining elemental distributions. Under optimum conditions, atoms are the predominantly sputtered product; the atom flux therefore provides information about the sample that is relatively free from chemical (matrix) interferences. Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry (RIMS) [1] is used to record elemental depth profiles by probing the atom flux from sputtered III-V heterostructures providing information that is quite representative of the sputtering sample.","PeriodicalId":252738,"journal":{"name":"Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129215700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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