Atmospheric Environment最新文献

{"title":"The assessment of two smoke modelling systems for forecasting local air quality impacts from smouldering peat fires","authors":"Fabienne Reisen ,&nbsp;Julie Noonan ,&nbsp;Sean Gribben ,&nbsp;Martin Cope ,&nbsp;Jason Choi ,&nbsp;Paul Torre ,&nbsp;Darren Simon","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>On 17 March 2018 major grassland fires in south-west Victoria, Australia ignited several peat bogs. The peat fires smouldered for 40 days, generating substantial amounts of smoke. The surrounding communities were exposed to significant concentrations of fine particles (PM2.5), resulting in the need for active interventions (such as the relocation of schools) in order to protect vulnerable communities.</div><div>The peat fires provided a unique opportunity to review the capabilities of two air pollution forecasting models to assess the impact from the peat fires on nearby communities: the Air Quality Forecasting System (AQFx) and the Accident Reporting and Guiding Operational System (ARGOS). Both systems are used in Victoria to inform emergency management response strategies and community warnings.</div><div>A key configuration change was made to the smoke emissions module in AQFx from simulating emissions from a planned burn to a sub-surface peat fire. Emissions were derived by using heat maps generated from aerial imagery data and estimates of fuel load determined by the peat bulk density and depth of the peat.</div><div>The results indicated that AQFx successfully captured most smoke plume events during the simulation period, despite some errors in timing and magnitude. Accurate forecasting was most challenged by calm conditions, and meso-scale meteorological transition events. The ARGOS model performed better at capturing smoke plume dispersion during a meso-scale meteorological transition event due to meteorological forecasts being updated every 6 hours compared to a 24-hour update in AQFx. However, the source geometry in ARGOS meant that emission rates were concentrated within a small number of release points resulting in relatively narrow plumes with a likely overprediction of higher end PM2.5 concentrations. The AQFx system was better suited to area emissions.</div><div>The ARGOS and AQFx models showed different strengths in providing timely information to emergency response agencies to better manage smoke impacts from smouldering peat fires on communities. The ARGOS model can be set up quickly with preliminary emission estimates that can be adjusted as more accurate and updated information becomes available. Compared to the ARGOS model, AQFx is better suited for area emissions. Implementation of a rapid update cycle in AQFx would further improve forecasts especially during meteorological transition events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 120940"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle Techniques for Monitoring Greenhouse Gas Plumes at Point Sources","authors":"Horim Kim ,&nbsp;Keun Taek Kim ,&nbsp;Sangjae Jeong ,&nbsp;Young Su Lee ,&nbsp;Xin Zhao ,&nbsp;Jae Young Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The urgency of the global climate crisis necessitates advanced monitoring of greenhouse gases, with an emphasis on capturing their spatial and temporal variability. This study explores techniques to enhance plume detection and concentration measurements using uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) for monitoring at point sources, specifically at an incineration stack. Through preliminary site investigations, our approach employed strategically designed flight paths and an autopilot system to optimize flight operations within the constraints of limited flight time due to battery capacity. We combined a UAV-mounted anemometer with a plume rise model to localize the plume center at a distance of 30 m from the stack center and evaluated its performance by comparing the model-based estimations at different altitudes and angular directions with the observation results. The comparison demonstrated that the results obtained by localizing the plume center using a plume rise model and a UAV-mounted anemometer aligned well with observations based on CO₂ concentration analysis. The comparative analysis showed a RMSE of 8.44 m and a MAE of 7.26 m for altitude, and a RMSE of 32.31<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>∘</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> and a MAE of 25.78<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>∘</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> for angular direction. Furthermore, we assessed the effectiveness of hovering UAV flights, in which a UAV remains stationary at a fixed point in the air, compared to non-hovering flights in capturing pollutant concentration. While both methods performed similarly in detecting the plume center, non-hovering flights underestimated the CO₂ concentration due to insufficient time for measurement despite a sensor response time of less than three seconds. Overall, our proposed hybrid monitoring strategy integrates non-hovering and hovering flights, enhancing both plume detection efficiency and concentration measurement accuracy at point sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 120924"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of ambient ozone and its interactions with ambient PM2.5 and temperature on peak expiratory flow in adults with asthma","authors":"Dongxia Jiang ,&nbsp;Ying Shang ,&nbsp;Zhengxiong Li ,&nbsp;Xianlin Mu ,&nbsp;Xuehu Han ,&nbsp;Xinzhuo Xie ,&nbsp;Guanglong Fu ,&nbsp;Yunshu Zhang ,&nbsp;Shaodan Huang ,&nbsp;Chun Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120939","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Numerous studies have linked air pollution to asthma. However, limited information exists on the effect of ambient ozone (O₃), or its interactions with fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) or temperature on peak expiratory flow (PEF) of in asthmatic adults. We conducted a longitudinal study including 99 adult asthma patients and documenting 7153 person-days PEF records. Utilizing linear mixed-effect and distributed non-linear models, we investigated the associations between ambient O₃ exposures over lag0-14 days with morning and evening PEF, as well as diurnal PEF variability. Findings revealed significant associations between ambient O₃ exposure with reduced morning and evening PEF, with varied associations for exposures across different lag days. Specifically, the most pronounced association with morning PEF was found for exposure at lag4, with a change of −0.211 (95%CI: −0.360, −0.062) L/min per 10 μg/m³ increase; for evening PEF, the strongest association was observed for exposure at lag0, with a change of −0.379 (95%CI: −0.721, −0.037) L/min per 10 μg/m³ increase. However, no significant association between O₃ and diurnal PEF variability was found. Furthermore, we observed significant interactions between O₃ and PM_2.5 exposures from lag6 to lag9 on morning and evening PEF, and significant interactions between O₃ and temperature from lag1 to lag11 on morning PEF and from lag0 to lag11 on evening PEF. Stronger associations between O₃ and PEF were observed in males, those aged over 40 years, overweight individuals, smokers and those with non-allergic asthma. These results underscore considering combined pollution and climate impacts in asthma management and supporting policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 120939"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fragrance, volatile organic compound, and particulate matter emissions from incense burning: Observations and risk assessments for household rooms and temples in Japan","authors":"Saria Hoshino ,&nbsp;Kazushi Noro ,&nbsp;Qi Wang ,&nbsp;Takashi Amagai","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Japanese society, incense is often burned indoors for its fragrance and as a part of Buddhist rituals. However, fragrances and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by incense burning can adversely affect human health. Japanese products are not required to disclose fragrances included; therefore, the number of these compounds to which users are exposed is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the human health risks associated with incense burning in household rooms and temples. Chamber tests demonstrated that incense sticks used in the home contained higher concentrations of fragrance than those used in temples. Consequently, the level of fragrance contained in smoke from incense used in the home (1,100–9,200 μg stick⁻¹) was greater than that from temple incense smoke (15–84 μg stick⁻¹). The concentration of VOCs derived from the pyrolysis of incense ranged from 840 to 2,900 μg stick⁻¹, which was higher than the fragrance emission concentrations. Field observations in three temples and four rooms revealed that incense burning during memorial services presented a benzene cancer risk of 3.7–5.2 × 10⁻⁶ for monks. The seating position of the monk should be at least 11 m from the incense to reduce the cancer risk of benzene to a value below 1 × 10⁻⁶.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 120930"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"137Cs in outdoor air due to Chernobyl-contaminated wood combustion for residential heating in Thessaloniki, North Greece","authors":"S. Stoulos ,&nbsp;E. Ioannidou ,&nbsp;P. Koseoglou ,&nbsp;E. Vagena ,&nbsp;A. Ioannidou","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wood combustion was the key heating source in Greece during the first years at the beginning of the financial crisis. Signals of ¹³⁷Cs were detected in Thessaloniki during the winter of 2013–2014 on weekends and holidays when the residents were at home burning the biggest amount of wood all day. ¹³⁷Cs signals were &gt;6–21 μBq m⁻³ detected using high-volume air filters and γ-spectrometry. No signals have been detected since then, as gas has replaced oil for residential heating, reducing forest wood. Besides, signal &lt;6 μBq m⁻³ is undetectable because this is the minimum detectable activity. ⁴⁰K concentrations were also measured, revealing a constant value of 143 ± 16 μBq m⁻³. The Cs-to-K ratio in air was 0.04–0.14 compared to 0.05 ± 0.01 measured before and after. Higher levels were measured when the air temperature was the lowest, but no correlation was observed with wind or pressure. Simulations using the HYSLIT model were applied on the dates on which the ratio was the highest. The model confirms the experimental results observed. ¹³⁷Cs signals detected and related to the Chernobyl-contaminated biomass used for central heating indicate that contaminated forest ecosystems remain a source of unwanted radioactivity in the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"341 ","pages":"Article 120929"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring fine-aerosol episodes in urban Seoul during the cold season of the 2021 SIJAQ campaign: Measurement evidences of heterogeneous reactions on black carbon particles","authors":"Saehee Lim ,&nbsp;Min-Suk Bae ,&nbsp;Jihi Jang ,&nbsp;Anubhav Kumar Dwivedi ,&nbsp;Junsu Gil ,&nbsp;Joo ae Kim ,&nbsp;Meehye Lee ,&nbsp;Sea-Ho Oh ,&nbsp;Sun-A Shin ,&nbsp;Lim-Seok Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Significant PM_2.5 pollution has been prevalent on a regional scale in East Asia including a megacity Seoul in South Korea. Here, we explore fine-aerosol episodes occurred in Seoul during the Satellite Integrated Joint monitoring of Air Quality (SIJAQ) campaign from October to November of the 2021, focusing on experimental evidences of heterogeneous reactions to form secondary aerosol under a highly oxidized atmospheric condition.</div><div>At this urban site in Seoul, vehicle exhaust was the clear source of fresh emissions, leading to a high level of NO and small refractory black carbon (rBC) particles (mass median diameter of 162 nm ± 16 nm) in the morning time. The hourly mass concentration of PM_2.5 ranged from 5.3 μg m⁻³ to 146.1 μg m⁻³, averaging at 24.5 ± 22.2 μg m⁻³. During the campaign, the most intense episode, EP3 (November 18–21), recorded an average PM_2.5 concentration of 72.5 ± 38.2 μg m⁻³, peaking at 146.1 μg m⁻³, was characterized by relatively higher temperature (∼12 °C) and relative humidity (67 %) on average thoroughly governed by continental migratory high and westerly winds. While the average NO₃⁻ concentration was 27.7 μg m⁻³, four times the whole campaign's average, EP3 was highlighted by a high morning NO₂/NO_x ratio and significantly elevated daytime and nighttime O_x (O₃+NO₂) concentrations compared to non-episode days. Throughout the entire campaign, NO_z surrogate (NO_2(CL)-NO_2(T)), O_x, and F_{moderate + thick} (the combined number fractions of moderately and thickly coated-rBC particles) tended to increase with the PM_2.5 concentration. During the daytime, as PM_2.5 increased, F_{moderate + thick} showed a monotonic increase, accompanied by RH rising from 54 ± 16% to 63 ± 11%. In contrast, at nighttime of humid condition with RH often exceeding 70% the enhancement of F_{moderate + thick} was more sensitive to condensable gas levels than RH. Given that high levels of PM_2.5 (&gt;60 μg m⁻³) were observed only during EP3, enhanced levels of NO_z surrogate, O_x, F_{moderate + thick,} and RH were evident characteristics of EP3. Such chemical and meteorological conditions suggest that the chemically enhanced oxidation state was evident during EP3, which promoted the formation of secondary aerosols on primary particles including rBC, especially under conditions of elevated RH. Considering the recent trend of increasing number of vehicles and rising atmospheric O₃ concentrations in East Asia, future studies should be well designed to investigate the detailed mechanisms involved in heterogeneous reactions that lead to the formation of secondary aerosols.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 120926"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pollution status, phase partitioning, potential sources, and health impacts of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Hangzhou offices","authors":"Mantong Jin,&nbsp;Jingjing Guo,&nbsp;Ziyu Xu,&nbsp;Liwei Sun,&nbsp;Shunfei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have persistence and toxicities, so exposure to PBDEs is associated with various health hazards. Thus, it is crucial to study the pollution status of PBDEs in office microenvironments, which are the primary active places for people working in offices. We collected 80 samples (air, particulate matter, and dust) from 10 offices in Hangzhou and detected the congeners of PBDEs using GC-ECD. Median concentrations of total PBDEs in particle phase, gas phase, and dust were 108.28 pg/m³, 35.63 pg/m³ and 59.22 ng/g, respectively. BDE-209 was the primary congener in various media. The particle size distribution was bimodal and was primarily distributed in the ＜1.1 and &gt; 7 μm particle size segment. We predicted the concentration of PBDEs in different phases to better explore the fate of released PBDEs. The measured value of the equilibrium coefficient between gas and dust indicated that PDBEs in the gas-phase were transferred into the dust. The predicted <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mrow><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>p</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> value of PBDEs was smaller than the measured value <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>g</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>, especially BDE-209. The measured concentration of low-brominated PBDEs in particles was higher than the predicted concentration, which may be because the non-equilibrium model did not consider the dry and wet deposition of particles. The PBDE concentrations in the materials were in the following order: mouse pad &lt; cable shell &lt; plastic folder &lt; eco-board. The analysis of indoor sources of PBDEs demonstrated that plastic folders, eco-boards, and mouse pads and cable shells may be potential sources of PBDEs in the air, dust, and particles, respectively. The HQ of PBDEs in Hangzhou offices was far less than 1, indicating that the health risk was within the acceptable range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 120906"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerosol retrievals derived from a low-cost Calitoo sun-photometer taken on board a research vessel","authors":"Rosa D. García ,&nbsp;África Barreto ,&nbsp;Celia Rey ,&nbsp;Eugenio Fraile-Nuez ,&nbsp;Alba González-Vega ,&nbsp;Sergio F. León-Luis ,&nbsp;Antonio Alcantara ,&nbsp;A. Fernando Almansa ,&nbsp;Carmen Guirado-Fuentes ,&nbsp;Pablo González-Sicilia ,&nbsp;Victoria E. Cachorro ,&nbsp;Frederic Bouchar","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120888","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120888","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive 5-year period assessment of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Å ngströn Exponent (AE) data from a hand-held Calitoo sun photometer on board the <em>Ángeles Alvariño</em> research vessel. Observations spanned March 2018 to September 2023, focusing on key maritime regions such as the Canary Islands, coasts of North Africa, the Mediterranean, Portugal, the Cantabrian, and the Bay of Biscay. The Calitoo device measures solar irradiance at three wavelengths (465, 540, and 619 nm). Uncertainty analysis for Calitoo AOD retrievals was performed using the Monte Carlo method, yielding an expanded uncertainty (U<span><math><msub><mrow><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow></msub><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) ranging between 0.008 and 0.050 with a mean and standard deviation of 0.032 ± 0.008 for the three wavelengths. Our results also highlight the remarkable calibration stability of the Calitoo (<span><math><mo>&lt;</mo></math></span> 2.6%) over this 5-year period. Calitoo AOD values were assessed using reference AOD data from Santa Cruz de Tenerife (the Canary Islands), El Arenosillo (Huelva), and Palma de Mallorca (the Balearic Islands) AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) stations. The comparison revealed a good agreement with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.727 to 0.917 and mean bias ranging from -0.030 to -0.001. Additionally, the Calitoo AOD data were compared with MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and CAMS-ECMWF (Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service-European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) aerosol products obtaining that Calitoo AOD values were generally lower, showing negative mean bias of -0.063 and -0.024, respectively.</div><div>The aerosol characterizations using AE vs. AOD plots in the three maritime study regions using 5-years of non-routine Calitoo data are similar to the corresponding aerosol characterizations performed with simultaneous AERONET-Cimel data.</div><div>These findings underscore Calitoo’s reliability for aerosol studies in regions where AERONET instruments or other aerosol networks are unavailable. Likewise, given the low cost of Calitoo photometers, they could be deployed onboard a large number of merchant and passenger ships or in other remote or under-monitored areas, providing near real-time AOD/AE data to enhance our understanding of aerosols processes or for model or satellite assimilation/validation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"341 ","pages":"Article 120888"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reaction between peracetic acid and carbonyl oxide: Quantitative kinetics and insight into implications in the atmosphere","authors":"Chao-Lu Xie ,&nbsp;Hao Yang ,&nbsp;Bo Long","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peracetic acid (PAA, CH₃C(O)OOH) is one of the most abundant organic peroxyacid in the atmosphere. PAA is often assumed to be removed by hydroxyl radical in the gas phase of troposphere, but its reaction rate is quite low. Here, we investigated the new reaction between PAA and carbonyl oxide (CH₂OO) by using quantum chemical methods, reaction kinetics in combination with atmospheric modeling. We first performed W3X-L calculations close to CCSDT(Q)/CBS accuracy with the reaction systems containing eight carbon and oxygen atoms. The present findings show that the post-CCSD(T) contribution is about 0.50 kcal/mol, which is important for obtaining quantitative relative enthalpy of activation at 0 K. We find that the recrossing effect reduces the rate constant by an order of magnitude for the mechanism of the hydrogen-shift coupled carbon-oxygen addition at low temperature. The calculated results reveal that the anharmonicity increases the rate constants of CH₂OO + CH₃C(O)OOH by a factor of 6.27 at 298 K. The present findings uncover that the PAA + CH₂OO reaction is a dominant pathway for PAA sinks in the gas phase of troposphere at the lower nighttime OH concentrations at 298 K, since the rate of PAA + CH₂OO is even an order of magnitude higher than the rate of the PAA + OH reaction. Moreover, atmospheric modeling simulations unveil that CH₂OO can make certain contribution to the reduction of PAA in the Amazon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"341 ","pages":"Article 120928"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an online cloud fog monitor: Design, laboratory, and field deployment at an unoccupied coastal site in Eastern China","authors":"Ping Du ,&nbsp;Xinghui Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoling Nie ,&nbsp;Tao Li ,&nbsp;Haoran He ,&nbsp;Jianing Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinfeng Wang ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Jianmin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Online detection of cloud water chemistry is a pressing issue in atmospheric outfield observation, with online detection modules representing a significant development direction for cloud water observation. Addressing the common problem of time-delayed errors in manual detection, particularly in the context of cloud water acidity, has remained challenging, with limited understanding and effective solutions available. We developed an Online Cloud Fog Monitor (OCFM) featuring automatic pH and electrical conductivity (EC) detection capabilities, and conducted comprehensive laboratory and field tests. The OCFM utilizes a peristaltic pump, water pipe, and diversion chamber to direct cloud samples to distinct detection chambers, enabling real-time analysis. The diversion chamber is equipped with dual liquid level sensors to segregate and preserve samples once the volume exceeds a predetermined threshold. Calibration results indicate that the instrument's background metal elements do not affect cloud water analysis, and detection occurs within the designed response time. Field tests demonstrate that the OCFM can collect over 50 ml of cloud water, with a response accuracy exceeding 63.6%, though influenced by meteorological conditions. The time-delay error for pH was notably larger than for EC. Comparative analysis with the Caltech Active Strand Cloudwater Collector (CASCC) revealed that the OCFM's sampling process does not introduce errors, and the online detection accuracy of pH and EC is comparable to manual methods. Additionally, water-soluble ions in samples collected by the OCFM showed no significant differences compared to those collected by CASCC. Overall, the OCFM effectively replaces manual testing, mitigating time-delay errors in chemical property testing. The introduction of this cloud water detector promises to significantly reduce labor costs and economic consumption associated with cloud water observation, thereby facilitating long-term, multi-site observation of cloud water chemistry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"341 ","pages":"Article 120927"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}