Atmospheric Environment最新文献

{"title":"Modulation of wintertime PM2.5 concentration in the Fenwei Plain by Eurasian-like pattern and its future projection","authors":"Fei Wang ,&nbsp;Xiadong An","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Fenwei Plain (FWP) has experienced the most serious winter PM_2.5 pollution in China since 2000. This study investigates causes behind interannual variability of wintertime PM_2.5 concentration in the FWP during 2000–2021 and projects future trends through integrated observations, reanalysis data and simulations. The results show that the Eurasian-like (EUL) pattern is responsible for the interannual variability of PM_2.5 concentration in the FWP, accounting for up to 55 % of the dominant pollution mode in the region. The EUL pattern modulates PM_2.5 anomalies by causing higher relative humidity, more stable atmospheric stratification and anomalous southeasterly wind. Additionally, based on an EUL index, this study further projects that large-scale atmospheric circulation may exacerbate PM_2.5 pollution in the FWP during 2035–2060. Specifically, the EUL pattern exhibits greater extremity and a higher frequency under high emission scenarios (i.e., 39.9 % in SSP585) compared to low emission scenarios (i.e., 19.9 % in SSP245), suggesting increased frequency of the EUL pattern and the associated PM_2.5 pollution events in the FWP after 2035 in high emission scenarios. These insights provide scientific support for prevention and control of PM_2.5 pollution in the FWP in winter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 121576"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing the mediating role of metabolic signatures in the associations between air pollution exposure and inflammatory bowel disease","authors":"Jiayue Zhang ,&nbsp;Chengwei Chai ,&nbsp;Lan Chen ,&nbsp;Fei Tian ,&nbsp;Ge Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaojie Wang ,&nbsp;Yin Yang ,&nbsp;Hualiang Lin ,&nbsp;Zilong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The association between long-term air pollution exposure and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains inconclusive. A total of 133,261 participants from the UK Biobank, a prospective cohort were included. Incident IBD cases were ascertained from the administrative database of the National Health Services. Air pollution exposure (PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂ and NO_x) at participants’ residential addresses was estimated by spatio-temporal models. Cox regression models were used to assess the associations between air pollution and IBD. Metabolic signatures were constructed by summing selected plasma metabolites associated with air pollution through elastic net regression. Afterwards, mediation analyses were conducted to investigate the potential mediation of metabolic signatures on the air pollution-IBD associations. During a mean follow-up of 11.61 years (SD: 1.78), 824 incident IBD cases were identified. Long-term exposure to PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, and NO_x was positively associated with IBD risk: hazard ratios were 1.019 (95 % CI: 0.933, 1.112), 1.033 (95 % CI: 0.942, 1.132), 1.112 (95 % CI: 1.026, 1.227), and 1.121 (95 % CI: 1.028, 1.223), respectively. As PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were not significantly associated with incident IBD, subsequent metabolic analysis was only conducted for NO₂ and NO_x. The metabolic signatures for NO₂ and NO_x included 26 and 18 metabolites (mostly related to amino acids, glucose metabolism, and lipid metabolism), respectively. The significant associations of NO₂ and NO_x with incident IBD were explained by their metabolic signatures (mediation: 10.13 % (95 % CI: 4.56 %, 42.87 %) and 9.17 % (95 % CI: 3.87 %, 38.64 %), respectively). Our findings suggest that long-term air pollution exposure could increase IBD risk, potentially through mediation by metabolic changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 121583"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced insights into ozone production efficiency in urban Beijing: A comprehensive analysis of influencing factors","authors":"Yicheng Gao ,&nbsp;Xueli Liu ,&nbsp;Yi Chen ,&nbsp;Tiantian Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Ma ,&nbsp;Weili Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a three-year continuous observation of ozone (O₃) pollution at an urban campus site in Beijing, analyzing temporal characteristics of O₃, seasonal variations in ozone production efficiency (OPE), and its sensitivity to nitrogen oxides (NO_<em>x</em>) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Despite strict emission controls, which reduced NO_<em>x</em> by 32 % and NO_<em>y</em> by 21 % in 2020 compared to 2019, the daily maximum 8-h average O₃ still frequently exceeded national standards, though summer averages decreased. OPE analysis revealed seasonal shifts in sensitivity: summer O₃ formation was NO_x-sensitive (with the highest proportion of NO_<em>x</em>-limited regimes among all seasons), while spring, autumn, and winter were VOCs-sensitive. Regional transport significantly impacted O₃, particularly in summer via high-VOCs air masses. The NO_<em>x</em>/NO_<em>y</em> ratio (an indicator of air mass aging) was negatively correlated with OPE. OPE followed a Lorentz curve with NO_<em>x</em> (R² = 0.94), confirming a nonlinear dependence. Sensitivity analysis (6:00–19:00) showed &lt;1 % NO_<em>x</em>-limited conditions year-round. Transition regimes matched O₃ diurnal patterns: the proportion of the transition regime peaked around 14:00 (coinciding with daily O₃ concentration peaks). Spring and autumn were mostly VOCs-limited with transitions; summer balanced three regimes (38.0 % VOCs-limited, 31.5 % transition, 30.4 % NO_<em>x</em>-limited) and leaned toward transition; winter was entirely VOCs-limited. The study emphasizes coordinated NO_<em>x</em>/VOCs control (especially summer NO_<em>x</em>) and regional emission management to mitigate O₃ pollution, alongside ongoing VOCs reduction efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 121574"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trend in chemical components and sources of PM2.5 and its relationship with ozone in central PRD, China (2018–2023)","authors":"Jianfan Yin ,&nbsp;Shan Huang ,&nbsp;Yunqian Liao ,&nbsp;Zihan Li ,&nbsp;Bin Yuan ,&nbsp;Ming Chang ,&nbsp;Weiwen Wang ,&nbsp;Xiongzhou Lv ,&nbsp;Xihua Li ,&nbsp;Shuzhen Su ,&nbsp;Xuemei Wang ,&nbsp;Min Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dongguan, a global manufacturing hub and megacity in the central Pearl River Delta (PRD), China, faces challenges in balancing air quality improvement with economic growth. The dynamic changes in PM_2.5 and their coordination with ozone provide a crucial basis for air quality policy-making, and are applicable to other fast-developing cities worldwide. This study analyzed trends in PM_2.5 composition, sources, and interactions with ozone from 2018 to 2023. While PM_2.5 decreased significantly (3.76 μg m⁻³ yr⁻¹) along with its inorganic components (SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺, ranging from −0.57 to −0.34 μg m⁻³ yr⁻¹), secondary organic aerosol (SOA) conversely increased (+0.18 μg m⁻³ yr⁻¹). Source analysis revealed that a secondary organic factor based on the positive matrix factorization (PMF) method also showed a rising trend, although notable uncertainty remains. Industrial emissions increased annually with statistical significance (+0.17 μg m⁻³ yr⁻¹). A non-linear relationship between PM_2.5 and ozone was identified, with co-occurrence below 40 μg m⁻³ PM_2.5 and apparent suppression of ozone above this threshold, accompanied by elevated NO₃⁻, NO_x and NO₂/NO ratios. Our results highlight the urgent need to control secondary pollutants and their precursors such as NO_x and VOCs, particularly from industrial sources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 121584"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A very rare event of sand/dust weather in Hong Kong in late spring in 2025 – observational and forecasting aspects","authors":"P.W. Chan ,&nbsp;Y.W. Chan ,&nbsp;C.K. Ho ,&nbsp;W.P. Tse ,&nbsp;J.Q. Jin ,&nbsp;M.S. Wong ,&nbsp;A.K.H. Lau","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A rare event of sand/dust weather in Hong Kong occurred in the evening of April 12, 2025 and lasted till April 17, 2025. It is very uncommon because the sand/dust, originating from Mongolia, managed to climb over the mountains at Nanling in central-southern China with heights reaching about 2000 m above sea level, and reached the coast of southern China. Analysis of local observations confirming the occurrence sand/dust weather, namely, PM₁₀, PM_2.5/PM₁₀ ratio, AERONET observations and chemical speciation analysis, are presented in this paper. The trajectory and thickness of the sand/dust is also studied using synoptic weather observations and geostationary meteorological satellite aerosol products. Finally, the forecasting aspect of the sand/dust weather is discussed, from the forecasting by a few days ahead to possibly at the sub-seasonal scale. It turns out that the forecast aerosol concentrations serve as a useful product to hint the occurrence of sand/dust weather in Hong Kong, even though there are still discrepancies between the observed and the forecast values. There is also signature of conditions favourable for sand/dust transport to southern China in model sub-seasonal forecast outputs, and the recurrence of similar synoptic patterns in middle and lower troposhere in late spring (April) in the future may hint the potential of sand/dust weather over Hong Kong again.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 121575"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of short-term exposures to PM2.5 components and the modification effects of ozone on daily mortality","authors":"Ziqi Tang ,&nbsp;Jianhui Guo ,&nbsp;Jinyi Zhou ,&nbsp;Hao Yu ,&nbsp;Yizhu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yaqi Wang ,&nbsp;Xinyao Lian ,&nbsp;Jin Ye ,&nbsp;Xueqiong He ,&nbsp;Renqiang Han ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Shaodan Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The health impacts of PM_2.5 components, namely Sulfate, Nitrate, Ammonium, Organic Matter, and Black Carbon, on daily mortality warrant further investigation, especially on the interaction with Ozone due to the significant health impacts and interactivity of them. To investigate the associations between short-term exposure to PM_2.5 and its main components on daily all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality, as well as the influence of ozone, we conducted a multi-city, time-series analysis involving 3,438,346 mortality records in Jiangsu, China. Over-dispersed generalized additive models and random-effects meta-analyses were applied to estimate the effect sizes, followed by stratified analyses and estimates of the interaction with ozone. Our findings indicate that PM_2.5 and its components are significantly associated with increased daily mortality. Specifically, every interquartile range increase in PM_2.5 resulted in a 1.97 % increase in all-cause mortality, 2.15 % increase in cardiovascular mortality, and 2.34 % increase in respiratory mortality. Similar but less significant effects were found in five PM_2.5 components. Women and the elderly were more susceptible, and the effects were stronger during warm seasons for all pollutants except Sulfate. High levels of ozone amplified the mortality risks associated with PM_2.5, Sulfate, Nitrate, and Ammonium, but not with Organic Matter and Black Carbon. These findings underscored the need for integrated air quality management strategies to mitigate the adverse health impacts of these pollutants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 121579"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emission estimates of ozone-depleting hydrochlorofluorocarbons for China inferred from new observations and inverse modeling","authors":"Ye Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoyi Hu ,&nbsp;Kuang Xiao ,&nbsp;Xiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingzhu Li ,&nbsp;Tong Ye ,&nbsp;Bowei Li ,&nbsp;Mingrui Ji ,&nbsp;Bo Yao ,&nbsp;Haibo Yu ,&nbsp;Xuekun Fang ,&nbsp;Li Tan ,&nbsp;Mao Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), the substitute for chlorofluorocarbons, are regulated under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. China is considered an emission hot region of HCFCs; however, observations and emission estimates are insufficient, with the need of higher sensitivities of new observations to constrain emissions beyond 2021. To better quantify China's HCFC emissions, we build a new atmospheric site named Changdao (CHD), which is more sensitive to emissions in northern China than previously-used sites. Using these measurements, we provide the most recent emission estimates for China in 2022: 150 ± 13 Gg yr⁻¹ for HCFC-22, 31 ± 2.5 Gg yr⁻¹ for HCFC-141b, and 8.8 ± 0.8 Gg yr⁻¹ for HCFC-142b. We find that China contributed nearly half of the global HCFC emissions in 2022. Our continuous observations since 2022 will assist in assessing compliance with the Montreal Protocol and supporting the timely recovery of the ozone layer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 121578"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerosol optical depths over four countries: 40-year spatial-temporal characteristics and recent trends","authors":"Awad Hussien Ahmed Mohammed ,&nbsp;Xiaolin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spatio-temporal analysis of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) plays a critical role in modulating climate, air quality, and ecosystem health. This study systematically examines the 40-year spatial-temporal characteristics and recent trends of AOD over four main continents represented by China, Germany, America, and South Africa from 1985 to 2024, using the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Deep Blue (MODIS DB). The long-term annual mean AODs were found to be 0.27, 0.18, 0.13, and 0.10 for China, Germany, America, and South Africa, respectively, with peak values observed in 1992 across all regions likely linked to volcanic activities. During recent period from 2019 to 2024, the seasonality of AOD was characterized by minima in autumn over South Africa, moderate levels in summer over America and Germany, and maxima in spring over China. Meanwhile, recent monthly variations of AOD show diverse patterns, with AOD peaks in March, July, June, and September for China, America, Germany and South Africa, respectively. Furthermore, recent trends showed declining AOD rates of −3.1 × 10⁻³ and −1.0 × 10⁻² per year over China and America, respectively, likely attributable to stringent environmental regulations and clean energy transitions. In contrast, increasing trends of AOD were observed in South Africa (1.3 × 10⁻³ per year) and Germany (1.1 × 10⁻³ per year), probably suggesting more aerosol emissions. Spatially, recent reductions of AOD derived using the Mann-Kendall test were concentrated in densely populated and industrialized areas of China and parts of America, while increases were widespread across Germany and South Africa. The research underscores the need for sustained monitoring and targeted mitigation strategies to control aerosol emissions, and is benefit for the studies of environment and climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 121581"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and chemical characteristics of Fe-bearing particles during dust and non-dust periods in spring (2023) in a northern coastal city","authors":"Wenhua Wang ,&nbsp;Yulong Wang ,&nbsp;Jiajia Shao ,&nbsp;Mengyang Wang ,&nbsp;Pengju Liu ,&nbsp;Xiuyan Zhou ,&nbsp;Longyi Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atmospheric iron (Fe)-bearing particles are crucial in human health and climate systems. In this study, we investigated the elemental concentrations and morphological characteristics of Fe-bearing particles during a non-dust period and two dust periods in the spring of 2023. Analyses were conducted using an energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and a scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The results showed that the mass concentrations of Fe in PM_2.5 were 0.74 μg m⁻³ during non-dust period and 8.17 μg m⁻³ during the dust periods, indicating a substantial contribution of dust storms to Fe transport toward downstream regions. Fe-bearing particles accounted for 65.6 % and 91.1 % (by number) of total analyzed non-carbonaceous particles during the non-dust and dust periods, respectively. Notably, the proportion of Fe-rich particles, likely composed of iron oxides, was higher in the non-dust period (8.6 %) compared to the dust periods (1.4 %). Individual particle analysis further revealed that Fe-bearing particles contained a higher sulfur (S) content during the non-dust period than the dust periods. Moreover, within the dust periods, the relative abundance of S-containing Fe-bearing particles increased in the later stages compared to the initial stages, suggesting progressive atmospheric aging. These findings highlight significant differences in the mineralogical composition and aging processes of Fe-bearing particles between dust and non-dust conditions, with implications for iron solubility and its subsequent effects on human health and climate feedbacks. This study underscores the necessity for further experimental investigations into iron dissolution under varying atmospheric conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 121573"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelled air pollution levels in the UK from 2003 to 2019","authors":"Eleanor R. Smith,&nbsp;Lucy S. Neal,&nbsp;Paul Agnew","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air pollution levels in the UK have been modelled for the period 2003 to 2019, generating a consistent record at hourly time resolution for the whole period. The modelling system employed, ‘AQREAN’, comprises a well-validated air quality forecast model together with a bias correction post-processing system. This combines model values with pollutant observations to give an improved estimate (termed a ‘reanalysis’) of hourly average pollution levels for the whole UK on a 0.1° grid. The system is described, together with key model input datasets and the verification procedure used to quality assure the dataset. As part of this verification, statistics summarising the level of uncertainty in the data are presented. The final dataset is described in detail. In addition to the concentrations of the air quality pollutants (PM_2.5, PM₁₀, O₃, NO₂ and SO₂) it includes many additional chemical and physical quantities, plus key meteorological parameters. An initial analysis of the dataset is presented, describing long-term trends in air pollution, along with the frequency and intensity of poor air quality episodes. Ozone and particulate matter are the key drivers of regional air pollution episodes in the UK, with ozone-driven events more frequent during spring and summer and particulate matter-driven events more frequent during late winter and springtime. Pollution episodes are more common in the south and southeast of England, as well as in and around large urban areas of the UK.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 121572"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}