Atmospheric Environment最新文献

{"title":"Concentrations, profiles, and risk assessment of organic UV filters in atmospheric PM2.5 from Beijing, China","authors":"Yuwen Deng ,&nbsp;Qianling Yang ,&nbsp;Lirong Gao ,&nbsp;Chi Xu ,&nbsp;Yin Liu ,&nbsp;Ming Xu ,&nbsp;Bin Zhao ,&nbsp;Minghui Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human exposure to organic ultraviolet (UV) filters may pose health risks, but the distribution of UV filters in PM_2.5 of four seasons is currently unknown. In this study, PM_2.5 samples were collected during 2021–2022 in Beijing, and 15 organic UV filters were analyzed. The concentrations of ∑UV filter ranged from 260 to 1859 pg/m³. The highest ∑UV filter concentrations were observed during summer, with temperature showing a significant positive correlation (p &lt; 0.01) on the concentrations of homosalate (HMS), 2-ethylhexyl salicylate (EHS) and Ethylhexyl-4-methoxycinnamate (EHMC). The dominant compounds were HMS, EHS, and EHMC, which accounted for 93.5% of the median contributions. The median concentration of 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-di-tert-pentylphenol (UV-328) was 0.58 pg/m³, which was lower than that in other studies. It was noteworthy that 2,4-Di-tert-butyl-6-(5-chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) phenol (UV-327) and 2-(2H-Benzotriazol-2-yl)-6-(butan-2-yl)-4-tert-butylphenol (UV-350) were firstly detected in ambient PM_2.5. In vivo predicted biological toxicity and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion characteristics were assessed, EHMC was prioritized due to its high concentration and high potential to be absorbed by human body. The risks of ∑UV filters through inhalation and dermal contact were negligible for both toddlers and adults, and inhalation exposure exceeded dermal contact by 2–3 orders of magnitude. This is the first study of the occurrence, profiles and risk assessment of 15 UV filters in PM_2.5, and more attention should be paid for prioritized UV filters especially EHMC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 121210"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower atmospheric profiling for climate studies pertaining to aerosols, radiation and turbulence using Unmanned Aerial System in India: Initial results","authors":"Padmakumari B,&nbsp;Sanket Kalgutkar,&nbsp;Mahesh Nikam,&nbsp;Subrata Mukherjee","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The lower atmosphere close to the Earth's surface, though crucial for various process studies and models, still remained a gap area for a long. The Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM) pioneered in collecting aerosol and cloud data using manned aircraft. However, to fill the data gap in the lower atmosphere, IITM envisaged Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) as an innovative aerial platform and the program ‘<em>Lower Atmospheric Research using Unmanned Aerial System Facility (LARUS)</em>’ is instigated to demonstrate the efficacy of a fixed-wing medium size UAS for probing the lower atmosphere for climate studies. The UAS is equipped with lightweight advanced science payload and an isokinetic aerosol inlet, for targeted in-situ measurements of aerosol, chemistry, radiation, turbulence and meteorological parameters (temperature (T) and Relative Humidity (RH)). The vertical profiles on different flight days depicted high vertical diurnal variability of the measured parameters. Comparison of T &amp; RH profiles of INSAT-3DR Sounder and UAS depicted huge data gap in satellite profiles in the lower altitudes. The new approach in our study is obtaining high frequency simultaneous in-situ measurements within the footprint of 5 km with high vertical resolution to study local atmospheric processes.</div><div>The data emphasises elevated absorbing aerosol layers (AAL) or haze layers with maximum absorption up to 500 m above the ground due to local anthropogenic activities. The sample filter papers revealed the type, source and morphology of the observed aerosols. The incoming and reflected (outgoing) shortwave radiation indicated distinct features with an albedo of 0.178 above the haze layer (at 500 m) and 0.017 at the surface and solar absorption of 70 W/m² in the layer 0–500 m. The presence of haze also influenced the turbulence parameters (u, v, w) and Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) at those altitudes. This study demonstrates instrumented UAS for lower atmospheric research, the first of its kind in India, highlighting various results essential for climate studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 121211"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"El Niño-Southern Oscillation and its impact on population exposure to ozone pollution and heatwave compound events in China","authors":"Lijun Liu ,&nbsp;Youjia Liang ,&nbsp;Tianyu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has complex effects on human health through ozone pollution and heatwave compound events (OPHW). Although the climatic driving mechanisms of single extreme events in China have been preliminarily confirmed, the nexus of ENSO-OPHW-population exposure risk remains unclear. This study collected Niño 3.4 index, surface O3 and 209 Chinese cities' meteorological station data during the warm seasons (May–October) of 2013–2020, to reveal the effects of the ENSO on the three types of OPHW (ozone pollution-daytime heatwave: OPDH, ozone pollution-nighttime heatwave: OPNH, and ozone pollution-daytime and nighttime compound heatwave: OPCH) and the OPHW risks in major cities in China, via spatiotemporal statistics and geographical and temporal weighted regression (GTWR) modeling. Trend analyses indicate that ozone concentration, temperature, and the co-occurrence days of the three types of OPHW increase at a higher rate during El Niño periods than during La Niña periods. The driving effect of ENSO are found to amplify the OPHW is ranked as follows: ozone concentration (6.1 μg m⁻³) &gt; temperature (1.8 °C) &gt; co-occurrence days (0.2 days). Driven by the position of the subtropical high and anticyclonic changes over the continent, clear skies, high temperatures, low humidity, and low wind speeds significantly influence the three types of compound events. Moreover, during La Niña periods, the anomalous low-level anticyclone shows a significant southward shift compared to El Niño periods. During El Niño periods, the population exposure risk caused by OPHW is generally higher than during La Niña periods. OPDH, OPNH, and OPCH lead to the maximum relative changes of population exposure risk in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River (100 %), Sichuan-Chongqing (44.5 %), and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (11.2 %) urban agglomerations, respectively. These findings highlight the need for targeted research on the differential impacts of various compound events on regional population health and ecosystems. This study provides critical insights and methodological support for coordinated responses to extreme event changes and ozone pollution management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 121209"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneous reactions of toluene/NO2/NH3 on α-Fe2O3/α-Al2O3 particles: The effects of pollutant content and temperature changes on the formation of N-containing organic compounds (NOCs)","authors":"Sijie Wen ,&nbsp;Xiang He ,&nbsp;Aiyilaiti Kudesi ,&nbsp;Shuangxi Wang ,&nbsp;Xin Liu ,&nbsp;Mingsong Dong ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heterogeneous reactions of toluene with mineral oxides play a crucial role in the formation processes of N-containing organic compounds (NOCs). However, less attention was paid to the effects of pollutant content and temperature changes on the formation of NOCs under combined pollution. In this study, the combined effects on the heterogeneous reaction of toluene/NO₂/NH₃ with α-Fe₂O₃/α-Al₂O₃ particles were investigated by using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). The results show that the characteristic peak of the R-ONO₂ group appears at 1295 cm⁻¹, indicating benzyl nitrate formation in the presence of α-Fe₂O₃ with or without α-Al₂O₃. The addition of α-Al₂O₃ promotes the R-ONO₂ formation on the particle surface compared to pure α-Fe₂O₃ as a result of the dispersion and oxidation of the additional particles. The optimal mass ratio of α-Fe₂O₃ and α-Al₂O₃ particles is 3:1. Furthermore, the optimal concentration ratio for toluene, NO₂ and NH₃ is determined as 2.5:2.5:1. It is obvious that NO₂ and toluene are the primary sources of organic nitrates production. Higher concentration proportions of NO₂ and toluene within a certain range lead to higher formation amounts of NOCs during the heterogeneous reaction. Spectral analysis demonstrates that reaction kinetics, such as reaction rate and uptake coefficient, are sensitive to temperature variations. When temperature decreases from 298 K to 253 K, the reaction rate increases from (1.59 ± 0.04) × 10¹⁸ ions g⁻¹ s⁻¹ to (2.38 ± 0.02) × 10¹⁸ ions g⁻¹ s⁻¹. Low temperature favors the production of R-ONO₂, resulting from an exothermic process during the heterogeneous reaction. These findings are helpful for further exploring the combined effects on particulate NOCs formation and partly contribute to understanding of multicomponent reaction systems in real environment conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 121195"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistent influence of dust on aerosol properties in summer over the northeast Tibetan Plateau explored by surface and tethered balloon-borne observations","authors":"Liang Ran ,&nbsp;Zhaoze Deng ,&nbsp;Yunfei Wu ,&nbsp;Zhixuan Bai ,&nbsp;Wanyun Xu ,&nbsp;Xuelian Xu ,&nbsp;Shengcang Wang ,&nbsp;Ping Tian ,&nbsp;Mengyu Huang ,&nbsp;Xiangao Xia ,&nbsp;Jianchun Bian","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aerosol properties over the Tibetan Plateau exert important impacts on weather and climate in this area and downstream regions. The influence of dust on aerosol properties over this region has been demonstrated by previous studies based on remote sensing. However, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding how aerosol properties were influenced by dust and the evolution of dust events, especially in a temporally and vertically resolved way. In this study, aerosol microphysical and optical properties in summer were investigated by in-situ surface and tethered-balloon borne observations, which were also utilized to explore dust events with a joint analysis of the MERRA-2 reanalysis data and HYSPLIT backward trajectories. The PM₁/PM₁₀ ratios and scattering Ångström exponents were found to be quite low at most of the time during the campaign even in the absence of dust events, evidently suggesting that surface aerosol properties were persistently influenced by dust. Particle mass size distributions in the free troposphere also clearly revealed fingerprints of dust. An examination on individual dust event indicated that dust particles could be of local origins or long-range transported from deserts to the north of the plateau. This study helps improve our understanding on the influence of dust on aerosol properties, possible sources of observed dust particles and the evolution of dust events over this region. A future effort is worth undertaking to address potential impacts of dust-influenced aerosol properties on atmospheric processes of climatic importance by integrating various observations and model simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 121194"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crucial VOCs influences on ozone formation in North China: A spatial perspective","authors":"Donghui Liu ,&nbsp;Shangfei Hai ,&nbsp;Junlei Meng ,&nbsp;Weihang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yang Zhou ,&nbsp;Yuanhong Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Liu ,&nbsp;Wenshuai Li ,&nbsp;Lifang Sheng","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing frequency of ozone (O₃) pollution episodes in China, there is a growing emphasis on understanding the contributions of precursors to O₃. Identifying key volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that drive O₃ formation has become a primary research focus. However, comprehending these key VOCs' distribution characteristics and patterns remains challenging. This study employs the convergent cross-mapping (CCM) method to identify and quantify causal relationships between 25 VOCs and O₃ simulated by WRF-Chem model. The results indicate that key VOCs identified by CCM can correspond well with those calculated based on observational data. Furthermore, the contributions and sources of various VOCs exhibits notable regional variations, showing a change with the O₃ formation sensitivity (OFS). In areas where OFS is strongly limited by VOCs, such as coastal ports and cities with concentrated resources or populations, alkenes, ketoaldehyde, and alcohols contribute more to O₃ formation. Meanwhile, the proportion of primary emission sources of oxygenated VOCs is relatively high (62.36–78.64 %), while secondary production sources are relatively low. Conversely, in regions where OFS is minimally limited by VOCs, such as agricultural areas in northern China, alkanes, aromatics, and phenols become more important. In this context, primary source contributions diminish while secondary source contributions rise to 19.1 %–45.6 %. Given North China's complex VOCs sources, this study suggests reducing key VOCs by targeting OFS characteristics within specific regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 121183"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Source characteristics of non-refractory particulate matter (NR-PM1) using high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometric (HR-ToF-AMS) measurements in the urban industrial city in India","authors":"Akash S. Vispute ,&nbsp;Prodip Acharja ,&nbsp;Suresh W. Gosavi ,&nbsp;Gaurav Govardhan ,&nbsp;Vinayak Ruge ,&nbsp;M.N. Patil ,&nbsp;T. Dharmaraj ,&nbsp;Sachin D. Ghude","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the source characteristics of submicron non-refractory particulate matter (NR-PM₁) over a highly growing urban industrial city near the western coast of India. Using a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS), we conducted continuous measurements from June 2020 to May 2021, capturing seasonal variations in aerosol composition. The annual average NR-PM₁ concentration was 16.4 ± 15.4 μg m⁻³, with substantially higher concentrations observed during winter (33.3 ± 22.2 μg m⁻³). Chemical analysis revealed distinct contributions of organic aerosols (OA), nitrate (NO₃⁻), sulfate (SO₄²⁻), ammonium (NH₄⁺), and chloride (Cl⁻) to NR-PM₁. Organic aerosol consistently contained the most significant fraction of NR-PM₁ (49–67 % seasonally). Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) resolved four distinct OA sources: traffic-related hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), biomass-burning OA (BBOA), and two oxygenated OA factors (Semi-Volatile Oxygenated OA (SVOOA) and Low-Volatile Oxygenated OA (LV-OOA)). Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) was a large OA fraction, with LVOOA being most abundant in winter and post-monsoon, while SV-OOA was higher in monsoon and summer, suggesting photochemical and potentially aqueous-phase formation. Seasonal changes were also observed in OA elemental composition (O/C: 0.67–0.74; H/C: 1.53–1.61; OM/OC: 2.07–2.16) and carbon oxidation state (OSc: 0.25 in monsoon/winter to −0.06 in summer), further supporting the influence of photochemical processes. Size distribution analysis indicated that aerosols were predominantly in the accumulation mode (300–800 nm), suggesting aged and internally mixed aerosol particles. Back trajectory and Concentration Weighted Trajectory (CWT) analyses indicated varied regional influences on PM₁ source characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 121186"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass flow analysis of tire-wear particles, including carbon black, and implications for road dust management","authors":"Min Gyu Lee ,&nbsp;Hyeonjung Ryu ,&nbsp;Minseung Hyun ,&nbsp;Woosuk Chung ,&nbsp;Jaehwan Hong ,&nbsp;Hyunook Kim ,&nbsp;Jung-Taek Kwon ,&nbsp;Jaewoong Lee ,&nbsp;Younghun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Representative non-exhaust emissions from automobiles and tire-wear particles (TWPs) accumulate in road dust, causing their dispersion into the surrounding environment. TWPs undergo fragmentation due to continuous abrasion and weathering, resulting in the release of carbon black (CB), a major component of tire rubber. Although previous studies have conducted mass flow analyses (MFAs) for TWPs based on vehicle and road types, <strong>a detailed MFA specifically addressing road dust, including CB-bound TWPs, has not been performed.</strong> In this study, annual emissions of TWPs, including CB, from road dust were estimated based on different vehicle and road types. Mass flow diagrams were constructed to illustrate the distribution of these particles across technical and environmental compartments for each road type. The environmental mass of TWPs, including CB, in each compartment was calculated based on sewage system type, runoff ratio, road cleaning efficacy, and UV exposure. The MFA results indicate that highways contribute significantly to TWP exposure in soil and air, despite a substantial portion of TWPs also accumulating as road residue. Additionally, the endpoint mass flow of the environmental media (<strong>4241 t/a to air, 3140 t/a to water bodies, 20,602 t/a to soil, 3044 t/a to landfill, and 12,712 t/a to road residue)</strong> and the predicted environmental concentration values <strong>(1.16 μg/m³ in air, 0.37 mg/L in water, and 1824 mg/kg in soil)</strong> were consistent with literature ranges, supporting the reliability of the findings. These results underscore the importance of targeted road dust management strategies to mitigate the environmental impact of non-exhaust emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 121184"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The photochemistry of quinones and combustion-derived particles in forming hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen in the atmosphere","authors":"Desiree J. Sarmiento,&nbsp;Brian J. Majestic","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are byproducts of combustion processes and can undergo photooxidation in cloud water upon being emitted into the atmosphere. Quinones are among the products formed from the photochemical aging of PAHs and can undergo subsequent reactions to form environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study showed that 9,10-anthraquinone (9,10-ANTQ), 1,4-anthraquinone (1,4-ANTQ), and 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NAPQ) undergo different pathways when forming ROS. Singlet oxygen (¹O₂), which was monitored during the photoaging of these quinones, formed logarithmically over time in low yields (0.5 ± 0.1 μM M⁻¹ to 1.6 ± 0.1 μM M⁻¹) with 9,10-ANTQ and 1,4-ANTQ. However, with 1,4-NAPQ, it formed rapidly within the first 5 min, reaching high yields of 21 ± 7 μM M⁻¹, before undergoing decay. This work suggests that 9,10-ANTQ can behave as a photocatalyst to continuously generate hydroxyl radicals (^•OH) in the atmosphere; however, it will more likely exist in its triplet state (³9,10-ANTQ∗) as an EPFR. Contrarily, 1,4-ANTQ and 1,4-NAPQ will photodegrade into other products that generate ROS. Among these products is juglone, which was shown to generate ^•OH exponentially upon photoaging as well as degrade into other products. The varying photochemical behaviors between these different quinones help explain the overall photochemistry of combustion-derived particles, which catalytically generated ¹O₂ and ^•OH in this study. This work provides insight into the environmental fates of combustion-derived material and their oxidized derivatives and shows the potential of these compounds to generate excess atmospheric ROS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 121189"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into surface ozone variability in India (1980–2014) through CMIP6 model analysis","authors":"Arshitha Anand K A ,&nbsp;Dilip Ganguly ,&nbsp;Sushovan Ghosh ,&nbsp;Vijay Kumar Soni ,&nbsp;Sagnik Dey","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates long-term (1980–2014) surface ozone (O₃) variability over India using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models, offering a comprehensive spatial assessment crucial for addressing air quality and climate change challenges. Model outputs were compared with Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) derived surface O₃ to evaluate their reliability. Results reveal a persistent north-south gradient in surface O₃, with higher values over northern India, consistent with satellite data. Most models indicate a positive trend in surface O₃ across the country, while a negative trend is identified over parts of the central Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), a previously unreported phenomenon. Analysis of precursor gases shows significant positive trends over India, with the IGP emerging as a hotspot. Spatial correlations between surface O₃ and its precursors highlight regional heterogeneity and complex formation dynamics. VOC-limited regimes dominate across India, whereas NO/NO₂-limited chemistry prevails in the IGP, explaining the decreasing trend of surface O₃ despite rising NO/NO₂ emissions. Among the CMIP6 models, CESM2-WACCM-FV2 is identified as the most reliable for studying surface O₃ in India. The spatial distribution provided by CMIP6 models is particularly valuable in regions lacking long-term monitoring, where ground-based observations are limited to point-based measurements. This study underscores the critical role of CMIP6 models in understanding surface O₃ variability and highlights the utility of satellite-derived data as a complementary resource. The findings provide actionable insights for policy efforts to mitigate surface O₃ and its precursors, improving air quality and addressing climate challenges in India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 121180"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}