Atmospheric Environment最新文献

{"title":"Seasonal and wildfire biomass burning impact on gas-fuel heated northern European megacity: brown carbon apportionment","authors":"Olga Popovicheva ,&nbsp;Marina Chichaeva ,&nbsp;Roman Kovach ,&nbsp;Ying I. Tsai ,&nbsp;Evangelia Diapouli ,&nbsp;Nikolay Kasimov","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomass burning (BB) has a major impact on air quality and population health, with the brown carbon (BrC) of special concern as an important source of pollution and absorbing incoming radiation. The impact of BB was quantified in an urban area of Moscow, the northern gas-fuel heated European megacity, during warm and cold seasons. Real-time measurements of aerosol optical properties were performed by an aethalometer. Heating and non-heating periods are marked by Absorption Angstrom exponent (AAE) equal 1.1 and 1.2, spring agricultural and summer wildfires by 1.3 and 1.4, respectively. Light absorption <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>b</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>b</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> of 10 ± 9 Mm⁻¹ at 880 nm and 29 ± 27 Mm⁻¹ at 370 nm was independent on heating activity. No significant seasonal difference was revealed by mass absorption coefficient for black carbon (BC) of 13.5 m² g⁻¹ and BrC of 0.9 m² g⁻¹. BC contribution to total absorption dominated in all wavelength ranges and seasons. During heating period, BrC contribution to total absorption at 370 nm (%b_absBrC) was 16 ± 21 %, lower than in other European and Asian megacities where populations widely burn biomass and coal. It was 24 ± 31 % in spring due to agricultural fire impact and increased BB activity because of the population migration out of the city during the May holiday. Ryazan wildfire plumes affected Moscow, with <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>b</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>b</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>880</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>b</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>b</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>370</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> increase 1.7 and 2.4 times, respectively, with a high %b_absBrC of 37 ± 59 %, and strong BrC absorption capacity in both day and nighttime. The relative absorption forcing of BrC compared to BC was estimated to range between 36.2 ± 1.1 % and 29.8 ± 2.7 % in ultraviolet and visible radiation range, respectively. Backward trajectory cluster and concentration weighted trajectory analyses revealed the regional origin of BB sources, coinciding with areas of observed wildfires. Collocated 12 h sampling and chemical composition analyses of BB tracers (levoglucosan and K⁺) identified the emission sources by significant correlations with BrC absorption. Four factors of BrC apportionment were identified via positive matrix factorization, showing contributions from fossil fuel combustion and secondary organic (82 %), and BB (18 %). As a result, regional population activity and spring and summer wildfires highlighted the uniqueness of Moscow as the northern gas-fuel heated megacity for BB impact studies in Europe and Asia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 121325"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term trends in water-soluble ions in aerosols at Urumqi Glacier No. 1: Evidence of increasing dust and alkalinity in Central Asia","authors":"Lin Wang ,&nbsp;Feiteng Wang ,&nbsp;Xin Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhencai Du ,&nbsp;Jing Ming","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-term monitoring of atmospheric aerosols is essential for understanding the interaction between natural processes and anthropogenic activities. This study analyzes a 20-year (2002–2022) dataset of water-soluble ions (WSIs) in aerosols collected at Urumqi Glacier No. 1 (UG1) in the eastern Tianshan Mountains, China. Significant increases in calcium ions (Ca²⁺) and aerosol pH were observed, indicating enhanced dust deposition and a shift toward an alkaline atmospheric environment. Mann-Kendall trend analysis revealed a notable annual increase in Ca²⁺ concentration (0.053 μg m⁻³, p &lt; 0.001), with Ca²⁺ contributing up to 73 % of the total ion content during dust-heavy periods (2013–2015 and 2020–2022). Backward trajectory analysis and ion balance calculations identified Central Asian deserts as primary dust sources, while other WSIs (e.g., SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻, NH₄⁺) reflect contributions from anthropogenic emissions. These findings highlight the growing influence of transboundary dust transport and its implications for air quality, glacier dynamics, and environmental changes in high-altitude regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 121314"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-resolution PM2.5 retrieval using Gaofen-1 WFV camera data","authors":"Chen Hou ,&nbsp;Xin Su ,&nbsp;Xingtao Wang ,&nbsp;Lan Feng ,&nbsp;Ming Zhang ,&nbsp;Yueji Zhao ,&nbsp;Lunche Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To characterize the distribution characteristics of PM_2.5 pollution within a small scale within the city, PM_2.5 concentration estimation data with high spatial resolution is required. However, the existing PM_2.5 data mostly have a resolution of more than 1 km, and the spatial scale is relatively coarse, which makes it difficult to meet the actual needs of fine pollution monitoring and governance in cities. To address this limitation, this study based on the deep neural network (DNN) model, used multi-source auxiliary data such as the top atmospheric reflectance (TOAR) data and meteorological data of the Gaofen-1 (GF-1) satellite to achieve near-ground PM_2.5 concentration retrieval with a spatial resolution of 30 m in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region. The model's performance was evaluated by a cross-validation (CV) method based on samples and sites. The results showed that the sample-based R² was 0.912 with an RMSE of 10.326 μg/m³, while the site-based R² was 0.780 with an RMSE of 16.375 μg/m³. The high-resolution PM_2.5 data retrieved in this study can reveal the spatial differences in pollution at the urban block and even building scale. Combined with the analysis of a typical pollution event, the practical application potential of this high-resolution data in identifying local pollution sources and analyzing pollution changes within the city was verified. This study provides a new technical path for high-resolution PM_2.5 retrieval and provides important data support for refined urban air quality monitoring and scientific governance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 121315"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropogenic effects on Δ3-carene photooxidation: Different oxidants induce significant changes of secondary organic aerosol formation mechanisms","authors":"Ya Zhao ,&nbsp;Chong Wang ,&nbsp;Yingqi Zhao ,&nbsp;Yufeng Shao ,&nbsp;Hua Xie ,&nbsp;Jiayue Yang ,&nbsp;Weiqing Zhang ,&nbsp;Guorong Wu ,&nbsp;Gang Li ,&nbsp;Ling Jiang ,&nbsp;Xueming Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Elucidating the effects of anthropogenic pollutants on the formation mechanism of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is crucial for the improvement of atmospheric models toward the development of effective control strategies. It is extremely challenging to precisely clarify the impacts of concentrations of anthropogenic pollutants on the molecular compositions and particle number/mass concentrations of SOA under complicated conditions. Here, we report a series of the studies on the effects of anthropogenic pollutants (NO₂ and SO₂) on the photooxidation of a representative monoterpene, Δ³-carene, by using the scanning mobility particle sizer spectrometer, recently-developed vacuum ultraviolet free electron laser (VUV-FEL) photoionization aerosol mass spectrometry, and quantum chemical calculations. The results indicated that with the increase of NO₂ concentration, the SOA yields increased under low-NO₂ conditions but decreased under high-NO₂ conditions. The OH radical was found to be the primary oxidant under low-NO₂ conditions, whereas O₃ became the dominant oxidant under high-NO₂ conditions. SO₂ substantially enhanced the formation of highly oxidized molecules via the acid-catalyzed pathway. A series of new compounds (i.e., organic peroxides, organic nitrates, and organosulfates) were observed and their formation mechanisms were proposed. The present findings highlight the critical role of anthropogenic pollutants in the photooxidation of monoterpene under low and high pollution environments and also open new avenues toward systematic studies of a broader class of volatile organic compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 121313"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical mixing of pollutants and secondary inorganic aerosol formations over Beijing, China","authors":"Jiannong Quan ,&nbsp;Pengkun Ma ,&nbsp;Yubing Pan ,&nbsp;Siyu Cheng ,&nbsp;Qianqian Wang ,&nbsp;Linhui Lan ,&nbsp;Lindong Dai ,&nbsp;Yuzheng Wang ,&nbsp;Yongchun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vertical mixing of pollutants and secondary inorganic aerosol formations over Beijing, China are investigated based on an unique observational platform on the roof of a high building (528 m above ground) and stations near ground. The contrary trends in diurnal variations of pollutants (SO₂, NO_x etc.) between the 528 m layer and near ground confirm that pollutants are well mixed in the daytime, but strongly suppressed at night due to the decoupling of the residual layer (RL) and nocturnal stable boundary layer (SBL). The decoupling also results in differences of aerosol formations between the two layers due to the differences in gaseous precursors, atmospheric oxidation capacity, and meteorological variables. Observations indicate that sulfate formation is more efficient near ground than in the 528 m layer due to higher relative humidity (RH) near ground, while nocturnal nitrate formation is more efficient in the 528 m layer due to higher O₃ in this layer. The formed nitrate in the RL is downwards transported to ground in next morning, highlighting the potential importance of vertical pollutants mixing and residual layer chemistry in air quality near ground.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 121312"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Full-day MOR measurement system based on multi-modal fusion","authors":"Yusen Zhang,&nbsp;Ling Yang,&nbsp;Zixin Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we primarily design a novel system for measuring Meteorological Optical Range (MOR) called Multi-Modal Dual Reflection Transmissometer (MMDRT), which is based on a variant Beer Lambert Law. Conventional physical visibility meters, along with the latest digital image-based visibility measurement algorithms, exhibit drawbacks and limitations when subjected to varying geographical environments and fluctuations in sunlight exposure. To overcome the shortcomings of previous equipment and algorithms while avoiding environmental and temporal constraints, we conduct more detailed research on parameter settings for the original equipment and made more scientific improvements to it. First, we analyze the limitation and unsuitability of Beer Lambert Law. Second, we build a measurement system based on a variant Beer Lambert Law, which is utilized to capture the change of MOR. Third, a novel multi-model deep-learning algorithm combining images and atmospheric factors is proposed to learn the relationship between spot images taken by MMDRT, meteorological factors and MOR. New 6511 samples are used to test the performance of MMDRT. Experiments show that MMDRT has a relatively good result compared to VPF710, the average Pearson correlation coefficient reaches 0.93, and the average RMSE is <span><math><mrow><mn>306</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>73</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 121278"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of tire wear particle emissions from different-mileage passenger cars","authors":"Jiachen Li ,&nbsp;Mengzhu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yunshan Ge ,&nbsp;Yi Wen ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Luo ,&nbsp;Dailin Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tire wear particles (TWPs) generated from vehicular sources significantly contribute to urban air pollution and pose risks to human health. To investigate the emission behavior of TWPs, chassis dynamometer driving tests were conducted on different-mileage vehicles. The results revealed that tire wear mileage increase led to decreased particle number emission for 10–500 nm TWPs and a gradual increase in particle mass emission. The long-mileage tires result in the formation of lumpy particles with fibrous structures. Tires with varying mileage produce lumpy particles and agglomerated irregular particles. Characteristic elements from the tire material are uniformly distributed on the lumpy particles. The agglomerated irregular particles mainly contain C and O and are not uniformly distributed with other characteristic elements. In addition, tire surface material from short-milage vehicles reduces more mass than long-milage vehicles under low thermogravimetric analysis temperatures. The lost material is mainly oxidized to CO₂ gas. Wear over long mileages can lead to changes in the organic substances of tire surface material. The discussion of mileage impact provides data to support the assessment and control of particle emissions over the full life cycle of tires.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 121292"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trend and health risk of carcinogenic particulate nitrosamines in the atmosphere in Seoul, South Korea","authors":"Na Rae Choi ,&nbsp;Yong Pyo Kim ,&nbsp;Yun Gyong Ahn ,&nbsp;Ji Yi Lee ,&nbsp;Eunhye Kim ,&nbsp;Soontae Kim ,&nbsp;Hye Jung Shin","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the trend and health risk associated with carcinogenic particulate nitrosamines in the atmosphere of Seoul, South Korea from 2013 to 2019. The average concentration of five particulate nitrosamines (NDEA, NDBA, NPIP, NPYR, and NMEA) during this period was 3.94 ± 8.38 ng/m³, while seven particulate nitrosamines (including NDMA and NMOR) averaged 8.96 ± 16.94 ng/m³. Mann-Kendall analysis revealed that while overall nitrosamine levels showed no notable trend, decreasing trends were observed for NDMA (τ = −0.12, p &lt; 0.05) and NDEA (τ = −0.45, p &lt; 0.001), while NDBA showed an increasing trend (τ = 0.20, p &lt; 0.001). Analysis of correlations of the observed nitrosamines with primary emission indicators (PAHs and CO) and atmospheric reactants (NO, NO₂, and O₃) suggests contributions from both primary emissions and secondary formation processes. Nitrosation appears to be the major reaction pathway, particularly in cold seasons, as evidenced by strong correlations with NO₂ and liquid water content, while ozonation could affect the particulate nitrosamines formation in warm season. A health risk assessment was conducted using Monte Carlo simulations based on the Korean exposure factors database. The median cumulative lifetime cancer risk from particulate nitrosamines in Seoul was estimated at 10⁻⁷ to 10⁻⁵, which falls within the generally acceptable risk range (10⁻⁶ to 10⁻⁴). The highest risks were observed in winter 2018 (ranging from 7.16·10⁻⁷ to 6.10·10⁻⁶), with the age group 3–19 showing the highest risk levels. The risk levels in Seoul were comparable to those observed in other urban areas such as Chuncheon, Korea and North Kensington, UK (∼10⁻⁶). The increasing trend in nitrosamine concentrations, despite being within acceptable risk ranges, highlights the need for continued monitoring and potential mitigation strategies, particularly during winter months when risk levels are elevated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 121309"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying the secondary process and sources of atmospheric sulfate using oxygen and sulfur stable isotopes in three inland cities, northern China","authors":"Hao Ma ,&nbsp;Sen Wang ,&nbsp;Zhenchuan Niu ,&nbsp;Xue Feng ,&nbsp;Zhipu Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stable isotopes of sulfur (³⁴S) and oxygen (¹⁸O) were utilized respectively to identify the sources and secondary process of atmospheric sulfate in PM_2.5 during 2018–2019 in three inland cities of Beijing (BJ), Xi'an (XA) and Linfen (LF), northern China. The mean values of δ³⁴S at the sampling sites in BJ, XA and LF were higher in winter (4.2 ± 0.3 ‰, 10.6 ± 0.9 ‰ and 6.6 ± 1.8 ‰, respectively) and lower in summer (2.1 ± 0.8 ‰, 4.5 ± 1.5 ‰ and 1.8 ± 1.1 ‰, respectively). The mean values of δ¹⁸O were 9.0 ± 3.3 ‰, 10.1 ± 3.5 ‰ and 9.4 ± 1.4 ‰ in winter in BJ, XA and LF, respectively; and 9.6 ± 2.9 ‰, 6.3 ± 1.7 ‰ and 9.9 ± 1.5 ‰ in summer. δ¹⁸O data indicated that sulfate aerosols in the three cities were mainly secondary sulfate (78.8 %–80.8 %), with dominant heterogeneous oxidation of transition metal ions (TMI) in BJ and oxidation of H₂O₂ radical in XA and LF. Using the δ³⁴S data, it was found that the mean contributions of coal combustion in winter and summer were respectively 33.1 ± 10.6 % and 34.7 ± 8.2 % at the sampling site in BJ, 44.0 ± 21.2 % and 27.9 ± 9.3 % in XA, and 72.5 ± 9.8 % and 45.8 ± 10.9 % in LF. The mean contributions of vehicle exhaust emissions were respectively 33.1 %–52.0 %, 46.8 %–47.0 % and 14.6 %–16.8 % in BJ, XA and LF. Our study showed that vehicle exhaust emissions have replaced coal combustion as the main source of sulfate aerosols in some Chinese metropolitan, while coal combustion was still the main source of sulfate aerosols in some energy-based cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 121310"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of airborne benzothiazoles in the North of Italy","authors":"Giovanna Mazzi ,&nbsp;Elena Barbaro ,&nbsp;Matteo Feltracco ,&nbsp;Eleonora Favaro ,&nbsp;Henri Diémoz ,&nbsp;Laura Milizia ,&nbsp;Cristina Colombi ,&nbsp;Maria Chiara Bove ,&nbsp;Steven Troiano ,&nbsp;Elisa Malloci ,&nbsp;Daniela Ceccon ,&nbsp;Edi Baiutti ,&nbsp;Andrea Gambaro","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anthropogenic pressure on urban air quality is a concerning issue, and the transport sector plays a crucial role contributing with exhaust and non-exhaust emissions, such as Tyre and Road Wear Particles (TRWPs). TRWPs can accumulate on roadsides, be carried by stormwaters, and enter the atmosphere, together with their additives. Benzothiazoles (BTHs) are a family of compounds mostly employed as rubber additives in tire production, but they are also exploited in other applications. In urban environments, airborne BTHs are strongly linked to TRWPs, and they are potentially exploitable as traffic markers. Considering the limited information on airborne BTHs, and the unexplored potentiality as markers, a deepening on their occurrences, sources, and possible degradation phenomena was needed. PM₁₀ aerosol samples were collected from thirteen cities in Northern Italy. BTH-SO₃H was the most concentrated (up to 7 ng m⁻³), followed by BTH-MeS, BTH and BTH-OH. Cities close to airports showed a higher presence of BTHs, possibly indicating a new source for these compounds. BTH-SCNMeS, known to be easily degradable, was found in relative high concentrations (0.2 ± 0.1 ng m⁻³) only in Montebello Vicentino station, which is close to an industrial area with several leather manufacturing industry. In Aosta, at 580 m a.s.l., BTH-SH and BTH-NH₂ were found higher than other stations, possibly indicating an additional apport from antifreeze liquids and stainless-steel industry. Accumulation and degradation phenomena, occurring on road and roadsides, might partially explain the higher concentrations of BTHs by-products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 121311"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}