{"title":"Development of Metallic Contaminant Detection System Using High-Tc RF SQUIDs for Li-ion Battery Slurry","authors":"Saburo Tanaka, M. Hayashi, T. Ohtani","doi":"10.1109/ISEC46533.2019.8990944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEC46533.2019.8990944","url":null,"abstract":"We developed a metallic contaminant detector using a high-Tc (HTS) rf-SQUID for a lithium-ion battery slurry. For manufacturers producing industrial products, problems arising from metallic contaminants are critical issues requiring effective solutions. A detection system using a SQUID is a powerful tool for sensitive inspections on production lines. In this study, the slurry of a lithium-ion battery is the target of the inspection. Since slurry flows in a tube at the production lines, the SQUID sensor should be installed as close to the slurry as possible to obtain higher sensitivity. Therefore, we designed a micro scope type SQUID cryostat, in which the SQUID can approach the target as close as 1mm. We supposed the inner dimension of the slurry tube as 50 mm in diameter. The sample, a steel ball with diameter of 300 micrometers, was stuck on a thin fishing line and drawn by a motor in the tube. The signals scaled inversely well with the cube of the stand-off distance; it was found that the signal with a distance of 44 mm could be detected by extrapolating the slope line if the signal- to- noise ratio SNR > 3 was supposed as a threshold. The dependence on the sample diameter was also evaluated. After the systematic evaluation, the results suggested that a steel ball with a diameter of $33 mu mathrm{m}$ can be detected.","PeriodicalId":250606,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Superconductive Electronics Conference (ISEC)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128619954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Kieler, L. Palafox, J. Ireland, J. Williams, B. Karlsen, H. Malmbekk, H. Tian, R. Gerdau, R. Wendisch, J. Kohlmann, P. Ohlckers, E. Bardalen, M. Akram, R. Behr
{"title":"Optical pulse-drive and on-chip power splitter for the pulse-driven AC Josephson Voltage Standard","authors":"O. Kieler, L. Palafox, J. Ireland, J. Williams, B. Karlsen, H. Malmbekk, H. Tian, R. Gerdau, R. Wendisch, J. Kohlmann, P. Ohlckers, E. Bardalen, M. Akram, R. Behr","doi":"10.1109/ISEC46533.2019.8990917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEC46533.2019.8990917","url":null,"abstract":"The pulse-driven Josephson Voltage Standard, also called Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer (JAWS) is already well established for different applications in AC voltage metrology. To further increase the output voltage towards 10 V and to reduce the complexity of the JAWS systems we investigated two different approaches, which finally can be combined. One approach is to integrate an optimized on-chip power splitter to reduce the number of high-frequency (HF) channels from room temperature down to 4 K. A pulse pattern generator with less HF outputs will directly reduce the complexity and costs of a JAWS system. The second approach is to use an optical pulse-drive implementing cold photodiodes close to the JAWS chip. The use of optical fiber will have two main advantages: the optical fibers will reduce the high frequency noise and will enable an easy splitting into parallel optical channels. We will present first results with both approaches.","PeriodicalId":250606,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Superconductive Electronics Conference (ISEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128721357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Xuan, Guangming Tang, Pei-Yao Qu, Zhi Tang, Xiao-Chun Ye, D. Fan, Zhimin Zhang, Ning-Hui Sun
{"title":"Logic Design of a 16-bit Bit-Slice Shifter for 64-bit RSFQ Microprocessors","authors":"W. Xuan, Guangming Tang, Pei-Yao Qu, Zhi Tang, Xiao-Chun Ye, D. Fan, Zhimin Zhang, Ning-Hui Sun","doi":"10.1109/ISEC46533.2019.8990915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEC46533.2019.8990915","url":null,"abstract":"Logic design of a 16-bit bit-slice shifter for 64-bit superconducting rapid single-flux-quantum (RSFQ) microprocessors is proposed. The shifter supports three types of shift operations including logic shift, arithmetic shift and rotating shift. Each of 64-bit shift input operands is divided into four slices of 16-bit each. In order to simulate the digital function and timing of the proposed 16-bit bit-slice shifter, we design a logic-level simulation model based on the Open Dataset of CONNECT Cell Library for AIST ADP2. As the results of simulation, the information of RSFQ circuits, such as the number of Josephson junctions, area and latency of the 16-bit bit slice shifter can be obtained. The simulation results show that the proposed 16-bit bit-slice shifter can work correctly.","PeriodicalId":250606,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Superconductive Electronics Conference (ISEC)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126212914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"THz Microscopy of Additive Manufactured Metamaterials at 24 GHz with Josephson Cantilevers","authors":"B. Hampel, M. Tollkühn, I. Elenskiy, M. Schilling","doi":"10.1109/ISEC46533.2019.8990928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEC46533.2019.8990928","url":null,"abstract":"Metamaterials are subwavelength structures that can be employed to modify properties of electromagnetic radiation. Their possible fields of application are very diverse and range from antennas to optical filter structures [1]. In this work, a THz microscope setup is employed to characterize additive manufactured metamaterial structures. These structures are optimized for a frequency of f = 24.05 GHz and are additive manufactured by the stereolithographic 3D printer Formlabs Form 2. A low-cost radar chip is used as a source of radiation with a frequency of f= 24.05 GHz and a power of up to 20 dBm. The manufactured structures are positioned between the source and the Josephson cantilever. Measurement results are presented for different metamaterial structures and are visualized in three dimensions. The presented method can be employed for rapid prototyping of metamaterial structures for microwave and terahertz radiation, which are subsequently characterized by THz microscopy.","PeriodicalId":250606,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Superconductive Electronics Conference (ISEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124297750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu Zhou, Zhihui Peng, Yuta Horiuchi, O. Astafiev, J. Tsai
{"title":"Efficient Tunable Microwave Single-photon Source Based on Transmon Qubit","authors":"Yu Zhou, Zhihui Peng, Yuta Horiuchi, O. Astafiev, J. Tsai","doi":"10.1109/ISEC46533.2019.8990896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEC46533.2019.8990896","url":null,"abstract":"Single-photon sources of high efficiency are of great interest because they are the key elements in many prospective quantum technologies and applications. Based on our previous work, here we demonstrate a high-quality tunable microwave single-photon source based on transmon qubit with intrinsic emission efficiency more than 99%. To further confirm the single-photon property of the source, we study the single-photon interference in a Hanbury-Brown-Twiss (HBT) type setup and measure the correlation functions of the emission field using linear detectors with GPU-enhanced signal processing technique. The antibunching in second-order correlation function is clearly observed. The theoretical calculations agree well with the experimental results. Such a high-quality single-photon source may be used as a building block for quantum communication, simulation and information processing in microwave regime.","PeriodicalId":250606,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Superconductive Electronics Conference (ISEC)","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122067328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characterization of 40 GHz and 762 GHz sources with superconducting Josephson cantilevers in a THz microscope","authors":"M. Tollkühn, I. Elenskiy, B. Hampel, M. Schilling","doi":"10.1109/ISEC46533.2019.8990940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEC46533.2019.8990940","url":null,"abstract":"Josephson cantilevers, based on high temperature superconducting Josephson junctions, are versatile detectors for the measurement of frequency and power of microwave and terahertz radiation. A Josephson cantilever consists of at least one Josephson junction, which is equipped with an antenna structure for better coupling. The Josephson junctions, made from the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7, are deployed on LaAIO3or MgO bicrystal substrates. Four feedlines are used to carry out four-terminal sensing. The THz microscope was developed, to allow three dimensional measurements [1]. In this measurement setup, the Josephson cantilever is mounted on a 15 × 15 × 15 mm3positioning system inside a vacuum chamber. The Josephson cantilever is cooled by a cryocooler that allows operating temperatures down to 30 K. A triangular current is injected into the junction and the current-voltage characteristic is recorded at each spatial point. The frequency and the power of the external radiation can be determined from the recorded data by evaluating the occurring Shapiro steps using Hilbert spectroscopy [2]. When the Josephson cantilever is irradiated with more than one frequency at a time, it behaves as a frequency mixer, due to its nonlinear current-voltage characteristic. In this work, we investigated the mixing of 40 GHz and 762 GHz signals with the THz microscope.","PeriodicalId":250606,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Superconductive Electronics Conference (ISEC)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116817788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Clock Synthesis Algorithm for Hierarchical Chains of Homogeneous Clover-Leaves Clock Networks for Single Flux Quantum Logic Circuits","authors":"S. Shahsavani, R. Tadros, P. Beerel, M. Pedram","doi":"10.1109/ISEC46533.2019.8990945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEC46533.2019.8990945","url":null,"abstract":"Single Flux Quantum (SFQ) is a promising option for high performance and low power supercomputing platforms. Nevertheless, timing uncertainty represents an obstacle to the design of high-frequency clock distribution networks. The hierarchical chains of homogeneous clover-leaves clocking, $(mathrm{HC})^{2}mathrm{LC}$. was proposed as an innovative solution to this challenge. This paper presents a novel algorithm for the physical implementation of $(mathrm{HC})^{2}mathrm{LC}$ networks. The proposed method models the (HC)2LC network as a directed graph with multiple cycles representing the synchronizing feedback signals. This graph is then transformed to a directed acyclic graph (DAG) by eliminating feedback edges. The physical location of the nodes in the generated DAG (such as splitters and C-junctions) in the Manhattan plane is calculated using a zero-skew clock embedding algorithm. Additionally, a novel mixed integer linear programming (MILP) based approach minimizes the maximum clock skew among the sinks of the clock network and the sum of the delay of the edges in feedback loops, simultaneously. Experimental results show that using the proposed approach, the average clock skew for five benchmark circuits is 4.6ps.","PeriodicalId":250606,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Superconductive Electronics Conference (ISEC)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126413233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measurement of Single-Flux-Quantum Floating-Point Divider Based on Goldschmidt's Algorithm","authors":"Y. Yamanashi, Akiyoshi Sanada, N. Yoshikawa","doi":"10.1109/ISEC46533.2019.8990960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEC46533.2019.8990960","url":null,"abstract":"We have been developing the floating-point unit (FPU) based on single-flux-quantum (SFQ) logic toward a highspeed and low-power superconducting graphical processing unit. The floating-point divider is the most complicated circuit element of the SFQ FPU. We designed the SFQ floating-point divider on the basis of Goldschmidt's algorithm, which is one of multiplicative hardware algorithms for division. Because the multiplies in the divider can be used for multiplication in the FPU by employing the multiplicative division algorithm, the FPU can be efficiently designed by using the designed floating-point divider. We show the circuit scale estimation of the FPU that uses the designed divider as a function on floating-point precision. We measured the 4-bit and 11-bit SFQ floating-point dividers implemented by the AIST 10 kA/cm2 Nb advanced process. The 11-bit SFQ floating- point divider is composed of 8091 Josephson junctions and can be applied to half-precision FPU. We confirmed correct operation of the 4-bit SFQ divider by low-frequency function test.","PeriodicalId":250606,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Superconductive Electronics Conference (ISEC)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126559994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Körber, O. Kieler, P. Hömmen, N. Höfner, J. Storm
{"title":"Ultra-sensitive SQUID systems for applications in biomagnetism and ultra-low field MRI","authors":"R. Körber, O. Kieler, P. Hömmen, N. Höfner, J. Storm","doi":"10.1109/ISEC46533.2019.8990912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEC46533.2019.8990912","url":null,"abstract":"We present the use of our ultra-sensitive SQUID system in the field of biomagnetism and ultra-low field (ULF) MRI. A current sensor configuration is used where a pickup coil is inductively coupled to the SQUID. A 1st-order axial gradiometer system, operated in a liquid He dewar with negligible noise, achieves a measured coupled energy sensitivity $epsilon_{c}$ of 40 $h$ and a white noise below 200 aT $mathrm{Hz}^{-1/2}$. As an example of its use in biomagnetism, we discuss single trial magnetoencephalography measurements of high frequency bursts at 600 Hz from the somatosensory cortex which are related to synchronized spiking activity of individual neurons. We also deploy this system for ultra-low field MRI where it is operated inside an MRI coil system with several fast-switchable field and gradient coils. This necessitates the use of a current limiter in the input circuit and a 2nd-order axial gradiometer leading to an increased noise of 380 aT $mathrm{Hz}^{-1/2}$. Here, we demonstrated full tensor current density imaging of impressed currents in phantoms. For further improvement of the noise, the fabrication process for the nanometer-sized Josephson junctions based on the HfTi self-shunted junction technology has been extended to a SIS process with AlOx as the insulating layer. We achieved noise levels of 330 $mathrm{n}Phi_{0}mathrm{Hz}^{-1/2}$ and 550 $mathrm{n}Phi_{0}mathrm{Hz}^{-1/2}$, corresponding to energy sensitivities of 5 $h$ and 20 $h$ for uncoupled and coupled SQUIDs, respectively.","PeriodicalId":250606,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Superconductive Electronics Conference (ISEC)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123692466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ho-Ba-Cu-O Thin Films for Superconductive Electronics","authors":"Stephen J. McCoy, E. Cho, Hao Li, S. Cybart","doi":"10.1109/ISEC46533.2019.8990916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEC46533.2019.8990916","url":null,"abstract":"HoBa<inf>2</inf>Cu<inf>3</inf>O<inf>7-δ</inf> (HBCO) thin films were grown by reactive sputtering on SrTiO<inf>3</inf> (STO), (LaAlO<inf>3</inf>)<inf>0.3</inf>(Sr<inf>2</inf> TaAlO<inf>6</inf>)<inf>0.7</inf> (LSAT), and NdGaO<inf>3</inf> (NGO) substrates for optimization of electrical properties for superconductive electronics. By changing deposition temperature and oxygen partial pressures we were able to obtain films with critical temperatures of 92 K and critical current density of 3 MA/cm<sup>2</sup>. HBCO Josephson junctions were fabricated using focused helium ion beam irradiation that exhibited excellent properties.","PeriodicalId":250606,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Superconductive Electronics Conference (ISEC)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125197562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}