Applied Energy最新文献_第4页

Coordinated scheduling optimization for Computility center microgrid considering computing resources dynamic pooling 考虑计算资源动态池化的计算中心微电网协同调度优化

IF 10.1 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125971

Jian Zhao , Keran Huang , Yuan Gao , Xiaoyan Bian , Kai Zhang , Dongdong Li , Haoyang Cui

{"title":"Coordinated scheduling optimization for Computility center microgrid considering computing resources dynamic pooling","authors":"Jian Zhao , Keran Huang , Yuan Gao , Xiaoyan Bian , Kai Zhang , Dongdong Li , Haoyang Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The computility center (CC) is a flexible load that regulates its power demands through workload dispatching. CC microgrid can employ the flexibility of CC load to coordinate with the volatility of photovoltaic (PV) generation. However, the computing resources of CC are heavily fragmented. Such situation limits workload distribution and then results in CC load incapable of coordinating with microgrid. To address the above issue, this paper proposes a coordinated scheduling method for CC microgrid using computing resources dynamic pooling (CRDP). Specifically, a workload-core mapping model is proposed to transform workload into power load by formulating the matrix of processor core states. Subsequently, the CRDP method is proposed to integrate and allocate remaining available cores according to the core real-time states. Then a self-regulating CC microgrid coordinated framework is proposed to regulate the CC load by adjusting the scale of computing resource pool to the volatility of PV generation. The effectiveness of the proposed method in improving PV consumption is validated across different microgrid simulation scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"393 ","pages":"Article 125971"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multiple subpopulation Salp swarm algorithm with Symbiosis theory and Gaussian distribution for optimizing warm-up strategy of fuel cell power system 基于共生理论和高斯分布的多亚种群Salp群算法优化燃料电池动力系统预热策略

IF 10.1 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126050

Renkang Wang, Kai Li, Peng Chen, Hao Tang

{"title":"Multiple subpopulation Salp swarm algorithm with Symbiosis theory and Gaussian distribution for optimizing warm-up strategy of fuel cell power system","authors":"Renkang Wang, Kai Li, Peng Chen, Hao Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Swarm optimization algorithms have become a research hotspot for solving multiple parameter optimization problems in fuel cell systems to enhance hydrogen usage efficiency. However, the startup warming strategy is highly complex due to stage-wise constraints, resulting in slow convergence and suboptimal outcomes with conventional algorithms. Given that, this work innovatively proposes a multiple subpopulation division mechanism. It introduces symbiosis theory and Gaussian distribution to improve the basic Salp swarm algorithm, enhancing its local search and global exploitation capabilities when considering multiple constraints. First, a startup-warming model is developed to characterize the fuel cell temperature variation patterns during the energy conversion. Then, the optimization objective function is constructed, incorporating complex stage-wise restrictive conditions to reveal the energy consumption mechanism and identify the limiting factors of the warming strategy. Finally, the improved Salp swarm algorithm facilitates the efficient and reliable identification of the optimal warming strategy to minimize energy consumption. Experimental results demonstrate that compared to the basic algorithm, the proposed method reduces energy consumption by up to 6.41 %, 4.25 %, and 4.88 % under startup duration, initial temperature, and target temperature constraints. The multiple subpopulation Salp swarm algorithm demonstrates excellent performance and significant advantages in optimizing fuel cell energy efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"393 ","pages":"Article 126050"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Leveraging synergies for energy-flexible operated electrolysis: A techno-economic analysis of power purchase agreement procurement with battery energy storage systems for renewable hydrogen production 利用能源柔性操作电解的协同效应：可再生氢生产电池储能系统的电力购买协议采购的技术经济分析

IF 10.1 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126029

Robert Förster , Niklas Eiser , Matthias Kaiser , Hans Ulrich Buhl

{"title":"Leveraging synergies for energy-flexible operated electrolysis: A techno-economic analysis of power purchase agreement procurement with battery energy storage systems for renewable hydrogen production","authors":"Robert Förster , Niklas Eiser , Matthias Kaiser , Hans Ulrich Buhl","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To mitigate the increasingly adverse impact of climate change, policymakers foster the substitution of fossil energy sources with renewable hydrogen. However, considering market supply, procurement costs, and strict regulatory guidelines for renewable electricity sourcing to produce renewable hydrogen, electrolysis operators in the European Union (EU) encounter significant challenges. Intelligent design and operation of grid-connected energy-flexible operated renewable hydrogen electrolysis powered with renewable energy sources through Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) with integrated Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) may be pivotal to overcome these challenges. To extend existing research literature, we evaluate the reciprocal effects of PPA procurement strategies and BESS configurations on the Levelized Cost Of Renewable Hydrogen (LCOH) in compliance with the EU regulatory framework. Our results from a single representative instance located in Germany show that BESS is beneficial in leveraging PPA electricity portfolios characterized by low costs and high volatility to minimize LCOH of renewable hydrogen electrolysis. Operators may profit from BESS integration if their electricity procurement strategy predominantly focuses on as-produced-PPAs for solar and wind. A sensitivity analysis of different BESS configurations reveals the relevance of adequately dimensioning the BESS to optimize economic results. Furthermore, we conclude that, based on a second sensitivity analysis of the investment costs of battery energy storage systems, complementing renewable hydrogen electrolysis systems may pose a viable business case for second-life batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"393 ","pages":"Article 126029"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A joint sharing-sharing platform for coordinating supply and demand resources at distributed level: Coupling electricity and carbon flows under bounded rationality 分布式层面供需资源协调的联合共享平台：有限理性下电碳流耦合

IF 10.1 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126051

Xiaohui Yang , Longxi Li

{"title":"A joint sharing-sharing platform for coordinating supply and demand resources at distributed level: Coupling electricity and carbon flows under bounded rationality","authors":"Xiaohui Yang , Longxi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy sharing effectively addresses the supply–demand mismatches arising from the large-scale development of distributed energy by transferring usufruct of power equipment and coordinating resources on both the supply and demand sides, thereby reducing resource waste and facilitating renewable energy integration. However, implicit carbon flow during the energy-sharing process leads to certain market entities not fully assuming their carbon emissions responsibility, affecting the fairness and rationality of carbon responsibility allocation, thereby limiting the carbon reduction potential. Therefore, a rational and effective energy-sharing and carbon responsibility allocation framework is needed at the distributed level to promote the sustainable development of distributed energy systems. To this end, this paper establishes a sharing platform from the perspective of energy sharing and carbon responsibility sharing, based on a secure, efficient, and flexible sharing economy business model. A dynamic pricing strategy is formulated to coordinate the management of distributed energy resources on the supply side and demand response resources on the consumer side, coupling electricity and carbon flows. Using prospect theory and mental accounting, the bounded rationality of generators and consumers under uncertainty is modeled. Considering the relationship between shared tariffs and shared power, a dynamic Kriging metamodel combined with the particle swarm optimization algorithm solves the complex bilevel interaction model among multi-stakeholders in the electricity–carbon market. Simulation results indicate that the proposed framework, grounded in value co-creation and carbon responsibility sharing principles, incentivizes bilateral participation in energy sharing and carbon responsibility sharing, demonstrating balanced advantages in economic, social, and environmental sustainability, and fairness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"393 ","pages":"Article 126051"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimal retrofit planning of pulp and paper industrial integrated energy system for enhancing flexibilities and carbon reduction capabilities 纸浆造纸工业综合能源系统优化改造规划，提高灵活性和碳减排能力

IF 10.1 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-05-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126045

Suyang Zhou, Runfan Mou, Wei Gu, Zhi Wu, Aobo Guan, Wennan Zhuang

{"title":"Optimal retrofit planning of pulp and paper industrial integrated energy system for enhancing flexibilities and carbon reduction capabilities","authors":"Suyang Zhou, Runfan Mou, Wei Gu, Zhi Wu, Aobo Guan, Wennan Zhuang","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pulp and paper industry (PPI) is a traditional energy-intensive sector with a high carbon footprint. Promising carbon reduction and energy storage technologies have endowed PPI with a certain level of environmental sustainability. However, considering these technologies in the retrofit planning of pulp and paper industrial integrated energy system (PPIIES) is challenged by the currently oversimplified energy flow and equipment models as well as the lack of consideration of carbon trading mechanism and production process scheduling. To address this, this paper proposes an optimal planning framework for PPIIES characterized by detailed carbon trading, carbon reduction equipment, and heat storage model with in-depth exploration of production flexibilities. Specifically, we first propose the improved Carbon Capture (CC), Steam Accumulator (SA), and Pressurized Unit (PU) models for retrofitted PPIIES with high, medium, and low steam pressure levels. Then, a European Union Allowance (EUA) and Certified Emission Reduction (CER) embedded optimal planning model for PPIIES is established. Ultimately, we examine the planned capacity and economic performance of PPIIES across various carbon market periods with typical technology combinations and process scheduling options. Results demonstrate that the proposed model can reduce the integrated costs by 13 % and the carbon emission by 36 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"393 ","pages":"Article 126045"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Input-output efficiency evaluation of regional water-energy-food nexus under relational network and uncertainty 关系网络和不确定性下区域水-能-粮关系投入产出效率评价

IF 10.1 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-05-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125995

Tianyuan Zhang, Qifan Zhou, Qiming Liu, Yanpeng Cai, Qian Tan

{"title":"Input-output efficiency evaluation of regional water-energy-food nexus under relational network and uncertainty","authors":"Tianyuan Zhang, Qifan Zhou, Qiming Liu, Yanpeng Cai, Qian Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125995","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Complex interrelationships and parameter uncertainties make it difficult to accurately assess the input-output efficiency of Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus. In this study, a fuzzy relational network data envelopment analysis model is developed. This approach is capable of describing the complex interrelationships between subsystems in fuzzy environments. For illustration purpose, this approach is applied to measure the performances of WEF nexus in Guangdong Province, China. Results indicate that the Pearl River Delta has higher WEF efficiency because of the coordinated development of subsystem efficiencies, while the other regions have lower WEF efficiency owing to the low efficiency of a certain subsystem. The WEF system has experienced three stages of decline, fluctuation and growth, with 2010 and 2015 as the turning points. The efficiency of water and energy subsystems are the main driving factors of the time variation of WEF nexus efficiency. Of all the intermediate products, the energy consumption for water supply needs to be increased the most, and agricultural water use needs to be reduced. Comparison against alternative models shows that the proposed model provides an efficient way to describe inter-subsystem linking activities and to process fuzzy information. Sensitivity analysis shows that the proposed model is robust when faced with reduced input indicators. The proposed approach is also potentially applicable to evaluating the efficiency of other systems with complex internal correlations under uncertainty.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"393 ","pages":"Article 125995"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation on a novel model of PEMFC stack integrated with micro heat pipe arrays and multi-objective optimization 微热管阵列与多目标优化相结合的新型PEMFC堆模型研究

IF 10.1 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-05-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126033

Mingguang Yang , Zhenhua Quan , Lincheng Wang , Zichu Liu , Zejian Chang , Yaohua Zhao

{"title":"Investigation on a novel model of PEMFC stack integrated with micro heat pipe arrays and multi-objective optimization","authors":"Mingguang Yang , Zhenhua Quan , Lincheng Wang , Zichu Liu , Zejian Chang , Yaohua Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on the novel proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) stack integrated with highly thermal conductive micro heat pipe arrays (MHPA), a method that combines mathematical modeling, experiment, and multi-objective optimization is designed in this paper. The mathematical model adopts lumped parameter coupled with water, thermal, electricity, and other sub-models, which is used to investigate the performance of the MHPA-PEMFC stack, and is further combined with the response surface method to develop a multi-objective joint optimization strategy and predictive models for the structure of the stack. Results show that the performance of the stack at low ambient temperature is better when the stack is under high currents. The maximum loading currents and maximum power density improvement effects of increasing the number of MHPA are much less than the disadvantages brought by increasing the weight. The optimization results suggest that for each 1 kW of the stack, the optimum configuration is as follows: The numbers of MHPAs and fin groups are 30 and 10, respectively, and the length of MHPA condensation is 75.7 mm. The maximum net power under typical load (30 A) can be increased by 17.7 %, and the stack weight can be reduced by 1083.5 g after optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"393 ","pages":"Article 126033"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The voltage uniformity analysis of high-power proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack during cold start 大功率质子交换膜燃料电池堆冷启动时电压均匀性分析

IF 10.1 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-05-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125999

Ping Lv , Siyuan Wu , Ben Hou , Xin Sun , Zixuan Wang , Xueting Liu , Guangwei Li , Meng Han , Kui Jiao , Qing Du , Danmin Xing

{"title":"The voltage uniformity analysis of high-power proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack during cold start","authors":"Ping Lv , Siyuan Wu , Ben Hou , Xin Sun , Zixuan Wang , Xueting Liu , Guangwei Li , Meng Han , Kui Jiao , Qing Du , Danmin Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving fast cold startup for high-power proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stacks remains a significant challenge for the commercialization of PEMFC vehicles. The cold start capability of a PEMFC stack is predominantly dictated by the performance of its weakest single cell due to the “Buckets effect,” making voltage uniformity a critical factor. In this study, cold start experiments were performed on a 110 kW PEMFC stack comprising 370 cells at −30 °C to investigate the impact of stack structure design and cold start parameters on voltage uniformity. The results demonstrate that the side cell adjacent to the negative electrode consistently exhibits superior performance. Moreover, blocking the water chamber of the unipolar plate and fake cells significantly enhances voltage consistency. The study further analyzes the effects of purge duration, coolant flow rate, cathode gas flow rate, and ambient temperature on voltage uniformity. This work provides a comprehensive experimental analysis of voltage uniformity in high-power stacks during cold start and offers valuable insights to guide stack structure design and cold start strategy optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"393 ","pages":"Article 125999"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Energy storage in supercapacitor researches: Interdisciplinary applications from molecular simulations to machine learning 超级电容器研究中的能量存储：从分子模拟到机器学习的跨学科应用

IF 10.1 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-05-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126074

Yawen Dong , Yutong Liu , Feifei Mao, Hua Wu

{"title":"Energy storage in supercapacitor researches: Interdisciplinary applications from molecular simulations to machine learning","authors":"Yawen Dong , Yutong Liu , Feifei Mao, Hua Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustaining scientific attention is aimed at the supercapacitors (SCs), which are significant for environmental protection and energy storage. The properties of the SCs are built on capacity, cycling stability, power and energy density, etc., in which the performances of electrode materials, interaction between electrode and electrolyte and charge transfer on the surface or interlayer of electrode vastly affect the overall abilities of SCs. In SCs research field, computational simulation applications are crucial for their simulating calculation and prediction capabilities. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in using density functional theory (DFT) and machine learning (ML) techniques to design and optimize SCs. We summarize the applications of DFT in understanding the electronic structure, charge storage mechanisms, and electrochemical properties of electrode materials, as well as the interactions between electrodes and electrolytes. Additionally, the role of ML in predicting SC performance, optimizing material design, and monitoring the state of health (SOH) of SC devices have been highlighted. The combination of DFT and ML offers a powerful approach to accelerate the discovery of new materials and improve the overall performance of SCs. On this basis, the integration of additional computational techniques such as molecular dynamics (MD) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations further complements and enhances the capabilities of analysis and prediction. By integrating DFT, MD, MC simulations and ML, researchers can not only gain comprehensive insights into the complex behaviors of electrode materials but also significantly accelerate material screening through this synergistic computational approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"393 ","pages":"Article 126074"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Uncovering the electrochemical processes and understanding the causes of the degradation via EIS-DRT in large-scale solid oxide fuel cell 利用EIS-DRT技术揭示了大型固体氧化物燃料电池的电化学过程，了解了降解的原因

IF 10.1 1区工程技术

Applied Energy Pub Date : 2025-05-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125983

Patryk Błaszczak , Pyry Mäkinen , Aleksander Mroziński , Agata Ducka , Grzegorz Jasiński , Olli Himanen , Piotr Jasiński

{"title":"Uncovering the electrochemical processes and understanding the causes of the degradation via EIS-DRT in large-scale solid oxide fuel cell","authors":"Patryk Błaszczak , Pyry Mäkinen , Aleksander Mroziński , Agata Ducka , Grzegorz Jasiński , Olli Himanen , Piotr Jasiński","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inducing changes in performance and observation of electrochemical processes is quite easy to do using ‘button cells’, which are the favorite objects in most research studies. Unfortunately, those cells may sometimes provide misleading outcomes or lead to promising results, applicable only on small scale, belittling their technological value. In this study, a large-scale SOFC with a 100 cm<sup>2</sup> cathode active surface area was subjected to 1700 h working time tests. After the stabilization period, a series of EIS measurements was taken under various changes in operational conditions. Variations in multiple parameters such as <em>pO</em><sub><em>2</em></sub>, <em>pH</em><sub><em>2</em></sub>, <em>pH</em><sub><em>2</em></sub><em>O</em>, drawn current, or working temperature were introduced to provide an ‘electrochemical fingerprint’ of the large-scale cell. The impedance data was processed via equivalent circuit fitting and DRT analysis. It was possible to assign the electrochemical and transport processes to the corresponding peaks in the DRT spectra. A clear separation of the peaks originating from diffusion and charge transfer-related resistances was obtained. The single-cell tests allowed for the analysis of the actual state of the repeating units in the working 15-cell stack. The material causes of the changes in the performance of the cells were found to be mostly related to changes in the microstructure of the anode via Ni migration and unwanted diffusion of LSC-born elements such as Co segregation or the formation of the SrO-ZrO<sub>2</sub> phases. Furthermore, the degradation issues of the cells in the stack differ depending on the placement due to the formation of the hotspot in the central part.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":246,"journal":{"name":"Applied Energy","volume":"393 ","pages":"Article 125983"},"PeriodicalIF":10.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0