{"title":"Mixed-signal testing using Walsh functions","authors":"Aurelien Tcheghoyz, S. Sattler, Helmut Graby","doi":"10.1109/IMS3TW.2009.5158700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMS3TW.2009.5158700","url":null,"abstract":"The paper suggests an accurate and simple approach to frequency testing of analog and mixed-signal circuits in the digital domain. The method is aimed at reducing the cost of test (CoT) for systems-on-chip (SoC) devices while taking advantage of digital resources already present in the SoC devices, and using low-cost digital testers, respectively. It is based on Walsh functions, the Fast Walsh Transformation (FWT) and a simple digital processing algorithm. Since both test signal generation and test response analysis are performed on-chip, it leads to an efficient and robust approach very suitable to built-in self-test (BIST) applications, too. Considerations for on-chip implementation are also addressed together with simulation and experimental results that validate the feasibility of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":246363,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE 15th International Mixed-Signals, Sensors, and Systems Test Workshop","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133454673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Devarakond, Vishwanath Natarajan, Shreyas Sen, A. Chatterjee
{"title":"BIST-assisted power aware self healing RF circuits","authors":"S. Devarakond, Vishwanath Natarajan, Shreyas Sen, A. Chatterjee","doi":"10.1109/IMS3TW.2009.5158691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMS3TW.2009.5158691","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel methodology for post manufacture tuning of RF circuits is presented. The procedure uses an iterative test-tune-test algorithm that applies a compact alternative test to the DUT and modulates circuit level tuning knobs (bias/supply values) based on the DUT specification values predicted from the test. The test procedure is repeated until convergence to the desired spec values is achieved with minimal impact on circuit power consumption. A key benefit of this approach is that tuning of multiple specifications can be performed concurrently due to the use of the alternative test methodology allowing upto 10X savings in test/tuning time.","PeriodicalId":246363,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE 15th International Mixed-Signals, Sensors, and Systems Test Workshop","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131318751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"TAC: Testing time reduction for digitally-calibrated designs","authors":"Hsiu-Ming Chang, K. Cheng","doi":"10.1109/IMS3TW.2009.5158690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMS3TW.2009.5158690","url":null,"abstract":"For digitally-calibrated analog, mixed-signal and radio-frequency (AMS/RF) circuits, it is desirable to stop the calibration process as soon as it reaches convergence. Such a strategy can avoid wasting unnecessary calibration time and ensure high calibration quality during production testing. However, due to the lack of systematic methods for convergence detection, existing digitally-calibrated designs simply allot a fixed and sufficiently long period of time for calibration. In this paper, we propose a method to reduce testing time by terminating calibration at convergence for circuits that employ the least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm for built-in calibration. We observe the fluctuation range of the tap coefficients in the digital calibration unit to determine whether the convergence criteria are met and subsequently terminate the calibration process. We conduct two case studies - a digitally-calibrated pipelined ADC and a digitally-calibrated image-reject receiver - to demonstrate the generality and effectiveness of our proposed method. In comparison with the existing termination policy, our proposed method, on average, can reduce the calibration time by 70%.","PeriodicalId":246363,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE 15th International Mixed-Signals, Sensors, and Systems Test Workshop","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126802089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dependable reconfigurable multi-sensor poles for security","authors":"H. Kerkhoff","doi":"10.1109/IMS3TW.2009.5158681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMS3TW.2009.5158681","url":null,"abstract":"This paper has discussed an advanced concept for highly dependable wireless sensor network poles for security under harsh environments. It incorporates inherent sensor health monitors which monitor the environment which are crucial for its reliability.","PeriodicalId":246363,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE 15th International Mixed-Signals, Sensors, and Systems Test Workshop","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133986382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Demonstration of 20 Gbps digital test signal synthesis using SiGe and InP logic","authors":"D. Keezer, C. Gray, D. Minier, P. Ducharme","doi":"10.1109/IMS3TW.2009.5158693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMS3TW.2009.5158693","url":null,"abstract":"This paper demonstrates the signal performance obtained by combining data from two 10 Gbps SiGe serializers using a very high-speed, low-jitter InP exclusive-OR gate. The technique has been proven for lower-speed (i.e. ≤12.8Gbps) applications [1–3]. But its success at higher speeds depends upon tight control of timing and signal integrity. Relatively low-cost components are selected so that the method can be applied to test scenarios requiring many high-speed channels. Careful analysis of the demonstration circuit performance reveals the challenges, capabilities, and limitations of the method.","PeriodicalId":246363,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE 15th International Mixed-Signals, Sensors, and Systems Test Workshop","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121368292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accurate ADC dynamic testing by means of the three-parameter sine-fit algorithm","authors":"D. Belega, D. Dallet","doi":"10.1109/IMS3TW.2009.5158682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMS3TW.2009.5158682","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper it is shown that the effective number of bits (ENOB) of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) can be accurately estimated by means of the three-parameter sine-fit algorithm, when the normalized frequency is a priori estimated by the interpolated discrete Fourier transform (IpDFT) method with maximum sidelobe decay windows. A criterion for optimal window choice is proposed. In addition, a constraint on the number of acquired samples is derived. It ensures that the random errors of the normalized frequency estimates due to the quantization noise on the ENOB estimates are practically neglected. Performed simulations confirmed that when the window is chosen by the proposed criterion and the number of samples satisfies the derived constraint, accurate ENOB estimates are obtained. Finally, some experimental results are shown by means of a graphical interface specially development for this purpose.","PeriodicalId":246363,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE 15th International Mixed-Signals, Sensors, and Systems Test Workshop","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128954992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vector based Analog to Digital Converter sequential testing methodology to minimize ATE memory and analysis requirements","authors":"S. Dasnurkar, J. Abraham","doi":"10.1109/IMS3TW.2009.5158697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMS3TW.2009.5158697","url":null,"abstract":"Mixed signal circuits typically require more complex specification based testing as compared to digital circuits, which can be completely tested with structural or simple functional tests. Due to the analog nature of some of the internal nodes and external signals in mixed signal circuits, qualitative functional tests may be required to assure circuit performance at all operating points. Mixed signal blocks such as Analog to Digital Converters (ADC) and Digital to Analog Converters (DAC) act as interfaces between the digital processing modules of the System on a Chip (SoC) and interfacing analog domains. These converters are increasingly common on SoCs due to ever-increasing presence of real world analog signals that use the processing capabilities of the digital blocks. High volume production testing of these mixed-signal components is inefficient due to test complications, resulting in the use of high-performance Automatic Test Equipment (ATE). While various Built-in Self Test (BiST) schemes are proposed to provide the analog test stimulus, the conventional histogram analysis method is still in use for the majority of ADC testing applications. We review a proposal for ADC output test involving a functional pattern, effectively resulting in a real-time-code-analysis. Memory and processing constraints for the ATE are reduced as this vector based method is not ATE memory intensive while providing an output quality measure identical to the conventional histogram method.","PeriodicalId":246363,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE 15th International Mixed-Signals, Sensors, and Systems Test Workshop","volume":"23 17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122105134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimation of RF PA nonlinearities after cross-correlating power supply current and output voltage","authors":"R. Veiga, P. Mota, J. M. da Silva","doi":"10.1109/IMS3TW.2009.5158689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMS3TW.2009.5158689","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper describes developments carried-out on estimating 1 dB compression and third-order intercept points after the cross-correlation between power supply dynamic current and output voltage of radio-frequency power amplifier. The underlining theory and a circuit that allows implementing this measurement on-chip are presented. Simulation results, including the analysis of optimum stimuli amplitudes and the Monte Carlo analysis to circuits' process variations are presented. These show that good accuracy can be obtained with relatively simple measurement conditions.","PeriodicalId":246363,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE 15th International Mixed-Signals, Sensors, and Systems Test Workshop","volume":"30 4 Pt 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129384311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Surface plasmon resonance biosensor based on Vroman effect : Towards cancer biomarker detection","authors":"Seokheun Choi, J. Chae","doi":"10.1109/IMS3TW.2009.5158683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMS3TW.2009.5158683","url":null,"abstract":"We report a new sensing technique of proteins using the Vroman effect in a microfluidic device. The sensor relies on the competitive nature of protein adsorption onto a surface, directly depending upon protein's adsorption strength. The sensor uses SPR (surface plasmon resonance) for highly sensitive biomolecular interactions detection and the Vroman effect for highly selective detection. A target protein displaces a pre-adsorbed weak-affinity protein; however a pre-adsorbed strong-affinity protein is not displaced by the target protein. In a microfluidic device, we engineer two gold surfaces covered by two known proteins. The sensor allows selective protein detection by being displaced by a target protein on only one of the surfaces. The SPR sensorgrams show that four different human serum proteins, albumin (Alb), immunoglobulin G (IgG), fibrinogen (Fib), and thyroglobulin (Tg) have different adsorption strengths to the surface and the competitive adsorption of individuals controls the exchange sequence. Based on the exchange reaction, we demonstrate that the sensor has a high selectivity for Tg which is a thyroid cancer biomarker. By using the technique, we bypass having to rely on bio-receptors and their attachment to transducers, a process known to be complex and time-consuming.","PeriodicalId":246363,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE 15th International Mixed-Signals, Sensors, and Systems Test Workshop","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125604277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Closed-loop Built in Self Test for PLL production testing with minimal tester resources","authors":"S. Dasnurkar, J. Abraham","doi":"10.1109/IMS3TW.2009.5158687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMS3TW.2009.5158687","url":null,"abstract":"Phase Locked Loops (PLLs) are extensively used in modern System on a Chip (SoC) modules for generating timing, clock signal recovery and to provide a timing reference for communication interfaces. Due to their use in crucial and omnipresent applications, PLLs are the only mixed signal components on many otherwise digital blocks. The mixed signal nature makes testing of PLLs complicated as the output test requirements include non-digital parameters such as phase error, lock time, jitter along with the typical frequency locking test. Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) resources needed for these added parameters may require the use of a higher-end ATE for an otherwise digital block, driving up the production test costs. Built in Self Test (BiST) approaches for PLLs need to be carefully designed due to the load-sensitive nature of the internal analog nodes as well as sensitivity of the feedback path to any added delays by the BiST overhead. Our scheme proposes a mixed-signal closed loop complete test solution for a PLL by injecting a BiST signal at non-sensitive internal nodes and observing a low frequency(LF)/DC output in order to perform a pass/fail decision on the PLL. The goal of this scheme is to enable complete production quality at-speed testing of a PLL using minimal ATE resources.","PeriodicalId":246363,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE 15th International Mixed-Signals, Sensors, and Systems Test Workshop","volume":"15 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120903377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}