In Commons最新文献

{"title":"Fighting Drought with Flood","authors":"A. Raoufi","doi":"10.35483/acsa.am.111.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.111.26","url":null,"abstract":"Rainfall, temperature alterations, and being located in an arid/semi-arid climate zone1 have limited Iran’s renewable water supply which led to the water stress and droughts that would continue in the future2 . However, paradoxically some regions like Ahvaz City3 , suffer from floods4 , one of which was the 2019 flood that caused infrastructural damages5 and ruined rural areas6 (Fig. 1).","PeriodicalId":243862,"journal":{"name":"In Commons","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123987112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collective Bargaining for Collective Housing: Hilberseimer, Goldberg, and the Labor Union’s Struggle Towards New Typologies of Living","authors":"Alexander Eisenschmidt","doi":"10.35483/acsa.am.111.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.111.36","url":null,"abstract":"According to the World Bank, 1.6 billion people will be affected by the shortage in housing by 2025 and the United Nations estimates that today 100 million people are without a home—records that are driven by the lack of affordable housing and an exponential rise of housing cost over income. Acknowledging the difficulties to escape today’s neoliberal market value begs the question of alternatives to profit- based home ownership and the possibility of a radical rethinking of housing. This essay, therefore, investigates two projects that challenged the economic system in place and rethought housing by rewriting its dominant narratives, financial frameworks, and spatial layouts. In vastly different contexts Ludwig Hilberseimer’s 1923 project of the Wohnstadt (residential city) and Bertrand Goldberg’s 1960s Marina City in Chicago allied with unions in their struggle for a new kind of housing. In both cases, the partnership between architecture and labor organization pushed the project far beyond spatial and programmatic ambitions. These collaborations point at a model in which a union’s knowledge in collective bargaining became instrumental in the creation of housing through an alliance with architecture.","PeriodicalId":243862,"journal":{"name":"In Commons","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129333814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control Room Architecture: Towards a Theory","authors":"Brendan Moran","doi":"10.35483/acsa.am.111.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.111.37","url":null,"abstract":"This paper initiates a theorizing for architecture of what the author terms the control room, interior spaces that might be as thin as a screen or far, far thicker, from which our contemporary networked existence can be productively read and engaged. It establishes control rooms as those entities that share three criteria: they are junctures within a determinate network; they are public; and they display multiple surfaces with multiple images upon them. Moving from images of control rooms on to theoretical images and concluding with a provisional dip into image processing, the investigation relates multi-screen environments by the Eames Office to other depicted spaces and architectural representations, suggesting that Philip Agre’s distinction between surveillance and capture, tied to Michel Foucault’s panopticism and Gilles Deleuze’s society of control, is at the heart of the control room’s logic. Incorporating concepts and interpretations of images, both as representations and as screen captures, from Hélène Lipstadt, Guy Dubord, Jacques Guillerme, and Catherine Ingraham, as well as design ideas from Abbe Laugier, Jeremy Bentham, Gottfried Semper and IKEA, the trip from depiction to surveillance to capture suggests an excursion architecture might yet want to undertake, and perhaps even learn to control.","PeriodicalId":243862,"journal":{"name":"In Commons","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130850529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Commoning of Architectural Representation","authors":"Gregory Corso, M. Hunker","doi":"10.35483/acsa.am.111.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.111.15","url":null,"abstract":"The notion of the commons invites us to reconsider the ownership of architectural space. But is this reconsideration limited to the physical space of architecture? How can we think ofideas of ownership, stewardship, and access through the lensof architectural representation? Further, can we cultivate afresh audience for architecture by divorcing the representation of it from both the internal motivations and biases of the designers and the disciplinary baggage and esoteric values often embedded in architectural representation? By viewing the idea of the commons not through physical space but through the representation and imaging of the built environment, we may see possible opportunities for building a more universal and inclusive relationship to design.","PeriodicalId":243862,"journal":{"name":"In Commons","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130001459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Materials Commons","authors":"Brent Sturlaugson","doi":"10.35483/acsa.am.111.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.111.59","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I argue that the deconstruction of vacant buildings in historically disinvested neighborhoods can be leveraged to reimagine property and labor relations—and their attendant spatial configurations—toward a more socially just and ecologically viable future. The paper consists of three parts, offering Baltimore as a case study. First, I contextualize vacancy in Baltimore by summarizing the policies and practices that created zones of racialized disinvestment where residents lack access to adequate resources, which renders the private accumulation of capital ineffective in the creation of wealth and power. Second, I argue for a reconceptualization of urban space through systems of collective ownership and cooperative enterprise. Building on the history of Black cooperatives in Baltimore and elsewhere, I highlight the ongoing work of community land trusts and reclaimed material stocks to situate these efforts within a broader context of collective organizing. Third, I offer a framework for rightsizing a prototypical block through targeted deconstruction and material reuse in the creation of a neighborhood commons. To simulate redevelopment and promote agency among affected communities, I describe a boardgame in which players define the rules and control the outcome. And by way of conclusion, I summarize the debut of the game as part of a graduate design studio at Morgan State University, where students tested its range of possible outcomes.","PeriodicalId":243862,"journal":{"name":"In Commons","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122438158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing Real Interests: A Framework for Collective Property Practices","authors":"Gabriel Cueller","doi":"10.35483/acsa.am.111.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.111.66","url":null,"abstract":"Real property, and its systems of landholding and land division, is virtually everywhere. As a fundamental infrastructure to territories and cities, property shapes, in great part, social relations, development, and spatial transformation. As designers always work in the context of a property system, it is important to have frameworks that allow them to interpret and understand how property operates, systemically and in the context of any given site. Furthermore, if they are to intervene in such systems, design methodologies are also needed. This project aims to provide such tools, emphasizing how social and environmental interdependence can facilitate the practice of property beyond the status quo. The terms “property” and “ownership” are often used interchangeably. The latter is less flexible, however, because, with “ownership,” there is little agency for anyone but the owner. This project builds on a concept that recognizes a wider set of stakeholders, and may give designers leverage: the interest. Interests include all the relations, stakes, obligations, and rights that an entity may have in land. Interests account for the many ways in which actors are involved in property, whether they own or don’t. The advantage of interpreting property through interests is that they capture varying degrees of interdependence, access, and ways of conceiving property boundaries. Through five scenarios, this project outlines a design approach working with property’s spatial and relational dimensions. Each scenario explores how property lines can interact with various kinds of interests, terms of collective use, land policy, and ecological and social relations. In this framework, designers may gain agency in tapping into the power that property mediates and tackling environmental change, housing affordability, and spatial segregation.","PeriodicalId":243862,"journal":{"name":"In Commons","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121318079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructs of Local Knowledge: Utilizing Local Material Streams for Community Based Projects","authors":"Nicholas Brinen","doi":"10.35483/acsa.am.111.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.111.48","url":null,"abstract":"Between 2020-2022 supply chains saw delays and scarcity, especially in the realm of building and construction materials. Years before the 2020 pandemic disrupted economic systems, public agencies in the eastern half of the United States were, and still are, battling the pandemic of the Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) and its infestation of the ash tree species. Today EAB infestations have been observed in 36 states. While the total number of ash trees removed in the US is incalculable at this point, Michigan has recorded 30 million felled trees so far due to EAB infestations.1 This pest has quickly become one of the most damaging insects to ascend upon the landscapes and streetscapes of the United States (see Figure 1). The removal and processing of the infested trees also poses an immense economical cost to the public. And yet, a larger subsequent question looms, what to do with the logs from the felled ash trees? Because of the absence of a clear alternative pathway for this valuable and viable building material, the wood is typically treated as waste and slated for a landfill, mulch, or firewood. In total, the labor, equipment, and energy used to dispose of ash logs signify inefficiency and lack of resourcefulness. 2 However, by studying businesses in storm prone areas that view damaged trees as a resource, the efforts of design- build programs can route this material stream to reconnect it with local communities and public agencies.","PeriodicalId":243862,"journal":{"name":"In Commons","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115657832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tactics for Collaboration Across and Within Disciplines","authors":"Mary E. Hale","doi":"10.35483/acsa.am.111.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.111.44","url":null,"abstract":"While the architectural design process may be led by a figurehead architect, contemporary buildings are the result of vast teams of designers, engineers, and builders. They are furthermore influenced by social issues, local policy, and clients. Yet typical American architectural design pedagogy centers around design studios where students work individually on creative projects. This pedagogical style reinforces a fallacy of the genius architect, the heroic designer who designs and creates in a vacuum. This paper and presentation showcases a seminar designed specifically to subvert this paradigm and provide targeted collaboration skills and support to students as they work on inter- and intra-disciplinary teams on a creative project. Taught collaboratively between Northeastern University’s School of Architecture and New York University’s Tisch School of Dance, this course takes inspiration from historical collaborations between prominent experimental dancers and designers like Anna and Lawrence Halprin; Merce Cunningham, John Cage and a variety of designers; and others. During the first six weeks of the semester, architects and dancers prepare within their own disciplinary cohorts for collaboration. Architects learn from case studies in contemporary dance and set design; they learn hand drawing and sketching skills for quick ways of expressing their ideas; and finally they read, complete exercises from and discuss Collaborative Intelligence: Thinking with People Who Think Differently, by Dawna Markova and Angie McArthur. Dancers also read this book. Following this preparatory period, architecture students are paired based on skill areas, interests and working styles discovered through the workshop. Then, architect pairs and dancers exchange portfolios of work before meeting remotely for a “speed-dating” style zoom session after which they rank their preferred collaborators. Teams are thus formed and the long distance collaboration between architect pairs and dancers begins. Together, architect-dancer teams envision and prototype a public performance through remote collaboration. Students draw from the methods in Collaborative Intelligence to address conflicts. Through this process, architecture students experience at a small but real scale the architectural design and delivery process from conceptual development to project completion with a focus on building collaboration tactics.","PeriodicalId":243862,"journal":{"name":"In Commons","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126382991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inventive Resilience","authors":"Dijana Handanovic, A. Perez, Sara Romero","doi":"10.35483/acsa.am.111.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.111.14","url":null,"abstract":"As the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo for a long time was known for the 1914 assassination of the Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand, the final event precipitating World War I. After hosting the 1984 Winter Olympics, Sarajevo was perceived around the world as a place of peaceful gathering, but in April 1992, following the proclamation of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s independence from the Yugoslavian Federation, the Bosnian War started and again shifted the world’s perception of Bosnia and Herzegovina to one as a place of violence. After the recognition of dissolution, Bosnian Serb forces besieged the city of Sarajevo and for four years the city was subjected to bombings and gunfire. Sarajevo lies in a valley of the Miljacka River and is surrounded by mountains on all sides. Due to the geography of the region, artillery and snipers staged from the mountains had clear vantage points across the entire city. The Siege of Sarajevo, which lasted 1,425 days and resulted in 11,541 fatalities, including 1,600 children, became renowned as the most prolonged military siege in contemporary history. Sarajevo’s architecture and urban spaces suffered catastrophic damage, prompting civilian life to go underground where day to day life was constricted to only the absolute essentials. The constant bombings of the city not only transformed existing buildings, streets, and neighborhoods, but also forced civilians to reinvent their main dwellings. This was documented in 1994 by architect Zoran Doršner in his drawings “Destructive Metamorphosis.”","PeriodicalId":243862,"journal":{"name":"In Commons","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125502312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WIP: Work in Progress | Women in Practice","authors":"Lindsay Harkema","doi":"10.35483/acsa.am.111.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.111.50","url":null,"abstract":"What happens when independent women designers form a collective practice rooted in co-creation rather than singular authorship? How could feminist values inform and inspire a shared design approach? Which professional conventions should be unlearned in order to foster more mutually supportive spatial practices? The history of feminist practice in architecture offers more than a century of women-led collective initiatives. But their marginalization has prevented feminist values from being normalized in the profession and the built environment at large. Still today, women-led collaborative practices are considered novel. WIP: Work In Progress | Women In Practice is feminist design collective composed of two entities: a supportive community of women design professionals and a collaborative practice shared between individual members. WIP is a work in progress, subject to adaptation by and for its participants. Within the shared practice, WIP Collaborative, team structure and work methods are adjusted to the needs of specific projects, including scope, community and stakeholders, and the interests of WIP members involved. To date WIP has completed a range of projects and events in the public realm that foreground embodied experiences, equity, access, and inclusivity, including public space installations, community focused design research, and collective happenings. Learning from other feminist practices and workers cooperatives past and present, WIP Collaborative is democratically organized so that all participants contribute to its trajectory and creative process. WIP’s projects reimagine public environments by challenging, expanding, and transforming their norms. They explore issues of embodiment – physical, sensory, and emotional experiences of the body – and create environments of choice that support the spatial and experiential preferences of a diverse population. By embracing a plurality of human needs and a co-creative design approach, WIP operates outside the norms of conventional design practice in pursuit of a more vibrant shared future.","PeriodicalId":243862,"journal":{"name":"In Commons","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131946589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}