In Commons最新文献

{"title":"Device-Media-Architecture: Julia Child’s Kitchens","authors":"Gabriel Fries-Briggs","doi":"10.35483/acsa.am.111.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.111.32","url":null,"abstract":"This paper traces a lineage of device-as-architecture through the mediatization of Julia Child’s kitchens. A historical survey of the changes to her kitchen and its relationship to interior design during the latter half of the 20th century suggest a reading of interior architecture not as a means to house new technology but rather as composed by technology and devices. Counter to Ryener Banham’s projection of a future where interior technologies give shape to an architectural exterior, Child’s kitchen reflects a growing trend in the second half of the 20th century in which tool-based clutter and the interior’s autonomy from the exterior, best characterized by the storage-accumulation aesthetics of lofts and garages, dominated. Rather than necessarily limiting the role of the architect to exterior form, the elevation of gadgets, gizmos, and devices to the status of architecture opened up the possibility for a functional user-driven design agency. Analysis of the kitchen backdrops that served as sets for her various cooking shows as well as the cataloging and installation of her kitchen in the Smithsonian Museum of American History reveal an evolution of architectural interiors that shifted with her own identity and paralleled shifting domestic aesthetics away from minimalism, modernism, and post-World War II home automation. This examination of Julia Child’s kitchens frame a narrative of domestic design beginning in the 1960s when tools and technology were increasingly seen as the backbone of a new ecological or environmental society. Julia Child’s display of functional clutter took part in popularizing a new craft aesthetic where tools were prominently displayed and often collectively used. The images of her kitchen, spanning four decades, provide a context for changing cultural and architectural discourse in relation to the aesthetics of function, devices, media, and attitudes toward preservation.","PeriodicalId":243862,"journal":{"name":"In Commons","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132474027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mix and Match: A Demonstration Pavilion for Upcycling Waste Lumber","authors":"Jessica Colangelo, Charles M. Sharpless","doi":"10.35483/acsa.am.111.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.111.6","url":null,"abstract":"Mix and Match is a demonstration pavilion that prototypes a design and fabrication process for utilizing waste lumber leftover from wood frame building construction. (Fig. 1) The project was exhibited as part of the Biomaterial Building Exposition curated by Katie MacDonald and Kyle Schumann at the University of Virginia School of Architecture in Spring 2022.1 The fabrication strategy was developed over the course of a year through discussions with commercial builders, a course workshop, and material mock-ups tested with undergraduate and graduate student research assistants from the University of Arkansas and the University of Virginia. By working between industry and the academy, the project considers how circular economic strategies of salvage and reuse can be overlaid on current conventional wood framing practices, and further explores how the reutilization of urban waste wood can inform new assemblies for wood construction.","PeriodicalId":243862,"journal":{"name":"In Commons","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130165582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reorienting Urban Design Methods for Commoning","authors":"Jonathan Kline","doi":"10.35483/acsa.am.111.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.111.68","url":null,"abstract":"In the face of climate crisis, rising inequity, and the ever- expanding commodification of urban space, the urban design discipline is confronted with challenges that often exceed its traditional design methods. State and market action shaped by capitalism continues to produce rising inequity, ecological destruction and imbalances of power in communities around the world.1 Normative urban design methods have focused on shaping urban form through scripting and projecting typo-morphological patterns of built form, choreographing experiences of the public realm, organizing systems of mobility, infrastructure and ecosystems, and regulating the city through policy regimes.2 However, the emergence and maturation of the discipline as response to the expansion and fragmentation of urban form during the late twentieth century has operated in parallel to ever intensified commodification of the city. While recent work has brought a renewed focus on ecosystems and sustainability oriented regimes of regulation, the challenges of access, equity and ecological crisis persist. An emergent discourse around urban commoning has identified the capacity of citizen-led resource sharing practices to respond to these challenges in ways that neither the state nor the market alone is able to.3 Processes of commoning create bottom-up transformations of political discourse, patterns of spatial use, management of resources, structures of ownership and value-capture, and the repositioning of productive and reproductive labor.4 This paper explores how normative urban design methods might be reoriented to advance urban commoning projects, learning from goals, practices and patterns of real-world case-studies of urban commoning. It builds on recent literature on urban commoning and summarizes a range of commoning-oriented design approaches selected from five years of student thesis projects.","PeriodicalId":243862,"journal":{"name":"In Commons","volume":"182 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114386895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Architectural Typologies of Latinx Housing Precarity","authors":"Silvina Lopez Barrera","doi":"10.35483/acsa.am.111.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.111.62","url":null,"abstract":"Housing precarity in the Latinx community has been a persistent problem for decades in the United States. Trailer homes, mobile parks, barrack-like housing on farms, and substandard homes have influenced the experiences of generations of Latinx immigrants in the U.S. While these architectural forms may have been conceived as transient architecture, these housing typologies have become persistent through time and ignored from public debate. This paper explores the history of these precarious housing typologies and their role shaping Latinx spatial practices and lived spaces in rural America. Through spatial justice lenses this paper considers how precarious American housing typologies of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries have historically marginalized the Latinx community obscuring their presence. Using case studies from the 1942 Bracero Program to contemporary Latinx housing in rural Vermont and Mississippi, this paper examines the Latinx lived spaces and housing typologies from a historical perspective. Additionally, it explores the spatial implications and linkages between Latinx labor and housing. When their labor is conducted in remote rural areas and small towns, their presence is obscured often times living and working on the farms and putting up with substandard housing. Research methods include examination of architectural documentation such as historical and contemporary photographs and drawings and in-depth interviews with Latinx immigrants and advocates of the Latinx community. This paper provides an analysis of housing conditions and dwelling structures through history that have been overlooked by researchers and practitioners in architectural fields. Increasing barriers to access to adequate and affordable housing in the Latinx community are interconnected with their immigration status and their limited access to resources, resulting on access to a limited and deteriorating housing stock with unsafe and unhealthy conditions. Finally, this paper offers a deeper understanding on how the labor and immigration context has influenced housing patterns in small towns and rural places.","PeriodicalId":243862,"journal":{"name":"In Commons","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116271200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"I miss the Americans: the disappearance of seasonal cottages, a cross-border community and the love ethic","authors":"Stephanie A. Davidson","doi":"10.35483/acsa.am.111.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.111.56","url":null,"abstract":"In this an ongoing project I am trying to document the social and formal dissolution of a once tightly interconnected cross-border (US-Canada) community. I focus on the building typology of the seasonal cottage which once characterized the area and which are now being sold, en masse, by their American owners. The typology of the seasonal cottage here in this lakeside bordertown has been, I argue, a key contributor to a specific kind of “love ethic”1 that has bound people in this community not just to each other, but perhaps more importantly, to its context: the natural environment. In addition to photographic documentation and measured- drawings, autoethnography the most obvious inroad for me to conduct this ongoing project because I live in the middle of this rapidly changing community. Autoethnography acknowledges the particular circumstances of the author and “seeks to describe and systematically analyze personal experience in order to understand cultural experience.”2 I live in a seasonal cottage which has been, over the decades, buttressed-up with four, maybe five, additions. Notoriously tentative in their construction, mainly because of make-shift piers used as foundations, these seasonal cottages weren’t necessarily meant to have long lives, though many have. Their humble size and informal construction juxtaposed against the big lake, mature tree canopy and sometimes-wild wind can be seen as a deferential stance.","PeriodicalId":243862,"journal":{"name":"In Commons","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133517902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immersion in The Second Style Wall Paintings: The Villa A, Oplontis","authors":"Merve Sahin","doi":"10.35483/acsa.am.111.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.111.70","url":null,"abstract":"Implementation of complex perspective systems in the room decorations of the Ancient Roman villas, located in Naplesand dated around 80 B.C. – A.D. 200, illustrates how art historiography can inform a fundamental framework in newmedia. 360-degree stereovision-friendly application of spatial perspectives in the ancient rooms mediates a relationshipbetween physical and virtual by appealing to the notion ofsensorimotor contingency. The law-like relationship betweenactions that are in adaption with ever-changing sensory inputslands into realization by utilizing suspension of disbelief. Thisbiological phenomenon has been at the locus of interdisciplinaryinquiry, encompassing both archaeological findings inItaly and the immersive technologies of virtual reality.Media theorist Oliver Grau showcases a famous exampleof illusionary spaces in classical antiquity. He examines thetriclinium of the Villa of the Mysteries, Pompeii where theviewer is immersed in realistic figures in narration. This paperaims to shift the attention from figuration to pure illusionisticrepresentations of cityscapes in atrium 5, cubiculum 11,triclinium 14, and oecus 23 of the Villa A at Oplontis. Coinedby the German archeologist, August Mau, the Second Stylewall paintings mark an application of the trompe-l’oeil effect,which introduces the suspension of disbelief into the physicalenvironment. Convergent and divergent grid systems withvarious points of recession in the rooms of Villa A, Oplontisapproximate a level of immersion; head-mounted display orCAVE systems can now afford in the 21st century.","PeriodicalId":243862,"journal":{"name":"In Commons","volume":"06 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129695894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accidental Affinities in the Contact Zone: Envisioning Public Well-being in Michael Sorkin’s Urban Imaginaries for China","authors":"Dijia Chen","doi":"10.35483/acsa.am.111.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.111.28","url":null,"abstract":"This research looks into Michael Sorkin’s urban images not only as vehicles of his universal guidelines for urban designs, but more critically as localized and situated instruments for social and environmental justice that manifest a coincidental parallel between China’s indigenous cultural psyche and Sorkin’s urban ideals. Since 2010, more than half of the Michael Sorkin Studio’s projects are based in China, including new city planning, river basin planning, infrastructure management, and massive residential complex designs. Although most of them remain on paper, these urban images function as intermediaries between theory and reality in their capability of visually incorporating unique local conditions with broad social arguments. This research frames foreign urban design projects as a virtual contact zone, where designers/theorists’ own background and ideals engage with the local socio-cultural context through hypothetical images that envision ideal conditions, and thus catalyze new urban solutions with both universality and situatedness. This study sees unbuilt proposal images beyond “failed” projects, and argues for the significance of these images as intermediaries between theory and reality in Sorkin’s genre for their capability of visually incorporating site- specific specificities. I first introduce Sorkin’s urban theories which claimed “the end(s) of urban design” and critiqued the existing urban spaces dominated by global capital and consumerism. I then discuss the “transitional” Chinese cities as a test field for Sorkin to experiment his urban ideals. Tracing clues of indigenous spatial forms that are adopted, transformed, and re-applied in Sorkin’s urban designs for China, I particularly investigate how traditional ways of life and self-emergent urban forms in China coincidentally run parallel to Sorkin’s urban ideals. This research thus explicates the potential of coincidental affinities between foreign urban ideals and local cultural conventions, with Sorkin’s work in China as an inspirational case that achieves both local and universal applicability in global urban studies","PeriodicalId":243862,"journal":{"name":"In Commons","volume":"102 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117292010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finding Common Ground: Reimagining Suburban Housing and Public Space","authors":"Nimet Anwar, S. O. Ali","doi":"10.35483/acsa.am.111.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.111.13","url":null,"abstract":"Finding Common Ground is a speculative project that rethinks the exclusionary and constrained idea of single-family zoning in the suburbs and exurbs in North America. Currently, there are many issues contemporary suburban housing must address ranging from climate change, accessibility of affordable housing, changing demographics, constrictive zoning codes, and problematic housing and economic policy. In order to implement actionable and meaningful change in the suburban landscape, Finding Common Ground studies and projects design, policy, and economic frameworks that respond to the evolutive and varied needs of its suburban residents.","PeriodicalId":243862,"journal":{"name":"In Commons","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130606887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corpus Comunis: precedent, privacy, and the United States Supreme Court, in seven architectural case studies","authors":"Lindsey Krug","doi":"10.35483/acsa.am.111.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.111.57","url":null,"abstract":"Following World War II, as America grappled with the cultural revolution of the 1950s and 60s and defining its identity domestically and on the world stage, a core tenet of American life bubbled to the surface of political, social, and aesthetic discourse: privacy. Once the revelry of the Allies’ win in the World War cooled into the precarity of the Cold War, American democracy and the culture it afforded its citizens were positioned and advertised, first and foremost, in opposition to the totalitarian government and culture of the Soviet Union. In her book Pursuing Privacy in Cold War America (2002), American literature scholar Deborah Nelson attributes the eulogizing of privacy that emerged in Cold War America to heightened national security discourse and the accompanying fear of the Eastern Bloc.1 The trajectory of American life would be forever shaped by this discourse, and nowhere is its lasting influence more evident than in two layers of American infrastructure: law and the built environment. Conceptually, privacy presents a straightforward notion, so much so that it’s often defined and understood in a binary condition: that which is not public. However, the public versus private dichotomy quickly dissolves when presented in legal and architectural contexts. Perhaps surprisingly, the word privacy does not appear in the United States Constitution and, thus, has not always been a guar-anteed, fundamental right. Privacy was first acknowledged as a right bestowed in America’s founding documents in the U.S. Supreme Court (SCOTUS) case of Griswold v. Connecticut (1965). This case granted married couples the right to use contraception on the grounds that this was within the confines of their private lives and not to be meddled with by the government. Justice William Douglas wrote for the Court’s majority: “Specific guarantees in the Bill of Rights have penumbras, formed by emanations from those guarantees that help give them life and substance. Various guarantees create zones of privacy.”2 Exceedingly spatial in this description, these shadowy zones of implied privacy rights can be located in the First, Third, Fourth, Ninth, or Fourteenth Amendments, or some combination therein, depending on constitutional interpretation. In the discipline of architecture, where we construct and delineate private and public spaces, it’s worth mapping the evolution of legal privacy with the evolution of private space. Where do these zones of privacy exist spatially, and how are they occupied? How can we begin to characterize the role of architecture, past and present, as good or bad, antagonistic or protective, and as an active player in this discourse? Using digital modeling and imaging tools, Corpus Comunis assembles and excavates material from a lineage of seven Supreme Court cases from 1965 to 2022 to establish a cohesive visual language through which we can speculate on how law and architecture together have, and may continue to, define the extents of our pri","PeriodicalId":243862,"journal":{"name":"In Commons","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125614537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research-Build: Biomaterial Invention through Design Studio Pedagogy","authors":"Kyle Schumann","doi":"10.35483/acsa.am.111.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.111.40","url":null,"abstract":"Academic design-build work provides an incredible opportunity for students to experience hands-on construction and see their work jump from the drawing board to reality. However, the inherent complexity and compressed timelines of these projects typically limit opportunities for material experimentation and invention, often biasing detailing and construction with proven conventional building systems for timely delivery of a project based on client and programmatic needs. At the same time, architectural innovation in academic scholarship is increasingly confronting technological and material needs necessitated by the climate crisis. This paper presents a research-build model via a studio that shifts the emphasis from program and client to material invention and experimental fabrication. The studio began with a series of physical fabrication exercises and material explorations, culminating in the design and construction of an experimental biomaterial pavilion that pilots three building systems: a double-layered woven bamboo wall with CNC-milled joinery and a shade canopy of bent greenwood lumber strips, both sourced from campus landscaping waste, as well as a façade of custom paper pulp shingles made with campus paper and wood waste. Salvaging material from the local environment and waste streams serves to improve equity and access to material — teaching students that good design does not necessarily demand expensive materials — and as an environmental strategy, asking students to consider the lifecycle and impacts of the materials with which they are working, and to design for end of life decommissioning.","PeriodicalId":243862,"journal":{"name":"In Commons","volume":"225 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115492199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}