Appetite最新文献

{"title":"Satiety modulates reward processing in food addiction: Evidence from event-related potentials","authors":"Yatong Wen ,&nbsp;Yuan Zeng ,&nbsp;Xinyu Zhou ,&nbsp;Mateusz Gola ,&nbsp;Xinwen Dong ,&nbsp;Yonghui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the neural correlates of reward processing deficits in food addiction (FA), focusing on the anticipation and feedback phases under different metabolic states. Fifty-four participants (individuals with FA and healthy controls, HC) completed a food and monetary reward task during hungry and satiated states, with electroencephalography (EEG) recording. We specifically measured two event-related potentials (ERPs) associated with anticipation and feedback of reward: Stimulus-Preceding Negativity (SPN) and Feedback-Related Negativity (FRN). In addition, Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) scores assessed addiction severity. Repeated-measures ANOVA and correlation analyses examined group differences and neural-behavioral associations. Behavioral data showed heightened food reward anticipation in individuals with FA during satiety. Participants with FA exhibited larger SPN for food rewards in the satiated state compared to HC, indicating persistent reward anticipation, while FRN was attenuated across both metabolic states in the FA group, reflecting persistent feedback deficits. Monetary rewards showed no group differences between HC and FA. The FRN amplitude correlated with YFAS scores, linking feedback impairment to addiction severity. These results highlight that FA is characterized by food-specific reward processing deficits, particularly exacerbated in satiety. Impaired FRN emerged as a key ERP marker of these deficits and correlated with addiction severity. These findings underscore the critical role of dysregulated reward feedback processing in FA, offering FRN as a potential target for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 108395"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145627352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habits at home: How the home food environment shapes caregivers’ eating habits","authors":"Demetria R. Pizano ,&nbsp;Camille Schneider-Worthington ,&nbsp;Sarah-Jeanne Salvy ,&nbsp;Alanis Stansberry ,&nbsp;Andrea L. Davis ,&nbsp;Gareth R. Dutton","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Seventy percent of caloric intake comes from foods prepared at home, suggesting it is a powerful influence on food consumption. Consistent environmental cues triggering food consumption, including those in the home food environment (HFE), may promote habit formation. Despite the HFE's influence, there is a limited understanding of the association between the HFE and habits for consuming specific dietary items. This study examines the relationships between HFE and habit strength.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>This secondary analysis leverages data from a maternal-child obesity intervention trial (HABITS) to examine the relationships between the availability of fruits, vegetables, fried foods, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) in the home and the habit strength of consuming these items. Caregivers (N = 148) completed HFE, habit strength, and demographic questionnaires at baseline. Majority of caregivers identified as female (99.3 %), Black or African American (76.4 %), and had an annual income &lt; $30,000. Multiple linear regression models assessed the relationships between the availability of foods in the home and habit strength for consuming those items.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The total number of fruits and vegetables in the HFE was associated with habit strength for fruit (β = .216, <em>p</em> = .009) and vegetable intake (β = .179, <em>p</em> = .030). Similarly, fried food items at home were associated with fried food habit score (β1 = 0.269, p = .028). SSB in the HFE did not predict habit strength for SSB consumption (β1 = 0.187, p = .184).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Our research suggests that available food items in the home were significantly associated with habit strength for consuming those items. These results support public health initiatives to identify practical approaches to improving health behaviors within households.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 108432"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145792741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manipulating attention during eating effects food intake and medial prefrontal cortex fNIRS response in women with cognitive restraint","authors":"Eram Albajri ,&nbsp;Hasan Ayaz ,&nbsp;Patricia A. Shewokis ,&nbsp;Angelo Del Parigi ,&nbsp;Sinclair A. Smith ,&nbsp;Jennifer J. Quinlan ,&nbsp;Jennifer A. Nasser","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate how shifting the attention away from food being eaten (by women who are cognitively restrained) toward another food-related stimulus affects food intake and relative increases in neural activity from baseline (as relative changes in oxygenated hemoglobin, HbO) within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants were divided into 2 groups of 23 subjects based on a median split of TFEQ-R score: cognitively restrained (CR) or non-cognitively restrained (NCR). Relative change from baseline in mPFC activity was measured using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during ad libitum consumption of a preferred high fat/high sugar food over a 3- to10-min period while participants viewed food advertisement (FV) or nature scene (NV) videos.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After controlling for covariates, including body mass index and FV eating duration, we found that group-by-condition interaction was significantly able to predict grams of food consumed (<em>P</em> = 0.031). In the CR group, food intake positively correlated with mPFC HbO under both video conditions (<em>P</em> &lt; 0. 05). The increase in mPFC HbO from baseline under both conditions was higher in CR subjects (<em>P</em> = 0.035, <em>95 % CI</em>: 0.04, 1.20).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Exposure to a palatable food advertisement video elicited different behavioral and neural responses between CR and NCR groups. While food intake did not increase in the CR group under FV, their mPFC activity was positively correlated with intake. These findings suggest that maintaining restraint under hedonic distraction may require greater cognitive effort. Future studies should explore longer-term effects on self-regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 108416"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145773131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional bitter taste signaling and stimulus intensity influence diet-induced salivary protein upregulation","authors":"Verenice Ascencio Gutierrez ,&nbsp;Kimberly F. Beede-James ,&nbsp;Laura E. Martin ,&nbsp;Kyle T. Zumpano ,&nbsp;Kristen E. Kay ,&nbsp;Kathryn F. Medler ,&nbsp;Ann-Marie Torregrossa","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exposure to tannic acid- and quinine-containing diets upregulates subsets of salivary proteins (SPs), which in turn, results in increased acceptance of the “bitter” diet. However, it is unclear what aspects of the diet consumption influence SP upregulation. It has been thought that taste receptor activation is necessary for upregulation of SPs since sensory stimulation precedes changes in SPs, but no studies have confirmed the contribution of taste to SP upregulation.</div><div>To test this hypothesis, we used TRPM5 KO and TRPM4/5 DKO mice that have impaired bitter taste signaling. These mice are able to upregulate SPs in response to isoproterenol injections but not when fed a tannic acid diet, which is both bitter and astringent. WT mice upregulate SPs after a tannic acid diet exposure while KO models do not. These data suggest that the mice are able to alter their SP expression but taste signaling is needed to upregulate SPs to diet treatments. The astringency alone from the tannic acid was not able to upregulate SPs. We then asked whether SP upregulation varies with stimulus intensity. Rats were fed quinine or sucrose octaacetate (SOA) at three different concentrations. All rats decrease intake on first day of bitter diet exposure at all three concentrations but increase acceptance of the diet by the fifth day of the quinine. In response to quinine diet, animals show concentration-dependent SP upregulation at the 14 kDa band, other bands were upregulated by diet but were not concentration-dependent. SOA did not alter protein expression at any concentration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 108418"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145747568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring trait- and state-based dietary restraint using ecological momentary assessment","authors":"Rebecca L. Elsworth ,&nbsp;Elanor C. Hinton ,&nbsp;Julian P. Hamilton-Shield ,&nbsp;Natalia S. Lawrence ,&nbsp;Jeffrey M. Brunstrom","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Researchers often use trait-based questionnaires to characterise dietary restraint, but it is unclear how this relates to real-life appetite and eating behaviour. Advances in technology have facilitated the development of ecological momentary assessment (EMA), an approach which captures everyday experiences in real-time. The aim of this study was to use our novel EMA tool (Momentary appetite capture; MAC) to investigate appetite and prospective portion-size selection throughout the day in ‘trait-based’ restrained eaters, and to explore whether ‘state-based’ dietary restraint can be measured using MAC and how this relates to BMI. Ninety-four participants (mean BMI = 22.4, 78 females) received seven text message MAC prompts per day for two consecutive weekdays. Each MAC measured current appetite, portion-size selection, and state-based dietary restraint. For each appetite measure, and each participant, we calculated a daily area-under-the-curve and daily range. For state-based restraint, the percentage of occasions that participants reported not eating a food they were tempted by but trying to avoid was calculated. We found that trait-based dietary restraint (TFEQ-18) was negatively correlated with daily area under the curve for hunger (r(83) = -0.25, p = .022), and prospective portion-size selection (r(83) = -0.27, p = .013), as well as daily range for prospective portion-size selection (r(93) = -0.24, p = .021). Exploratory analysis revealed a negative relationship (ρ = -0.40, p = .003, N = 53) between our MAC state-based measure of dietary restraint and BMI. These findings highlight the utility of MAC to measure fluctuations in appetite and state-based dietary restraint throughout the day. This study also demonstrates the potential to apply this work to understand how real-world dietary restraint impacts BMI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 108412"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145699514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parenting and schema domains as predictors of intuitive and dysregulated eating in emerging adults","authors":"Deniz Gözde Kılçık ,&nbsp;Osman Nejat Akfırat","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emerging adulthood is a period when enduring eating patterns consolidate and guide daily food choices. This cross-sectional study examined whether perceived parenting and early maladaptive schema (EMS) domains were associated with intuitive eating, cognitive restraint, emotional eating, and uncontrolled eating among Turkish emerging adults (N = 446). Participants completed validated measures of intuitive and dysregulated eating, maternal/paternal warmth, overprotection, rejection, and five EMS domains. Hierarchical regressions entered demographics and lifestyle factors (Step 1), parenting (Step 2), and EMS domains (Step 3). Exploratory mediation models tested indirect pathways from parenting to eating through EMS domains while adjusting for the same covariates.</div><div>Men reported higher intuitive eating, whereas women reported greater restraint and emotional eating. Dieting history, higher body mass index, and weight dissatisfaction were consistently associated with lower intuitive eating and higher dysregulated patterns. Parenting contributed modestly to model fit, whereas EMS domains accounted for additional, larger variance. Mediation analyses indicated three indirect pathways: higher maternal warmth related to lower Impaired Autonomy/Performance (IAP), which was associated with higher intuitive eating; higher maternal rejection related to higher IAP, which was associated with greater emotional eating; and higher maternal overprotection related to higher IAP and Other-Directedness, which were associated with greater uncontrolled eating.</div><div>In final models, maternal warmth related positively to intuitive eating, while IAP—and for uncontrolled eating, Other-Directedness—showed robust links with dysregulated eating. Findings support a layered pattern of associations in which caregiving climates and enduring schemas make separable contributions to appetite-related regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"219 ","pages":"Article 108413"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145706707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescent eating autonomy survey development and exploratory factor analysis","authors":"Amanda M. Ziegler ,&nbsp;Lori A. Hatzinger ,&nbsp;Jennifer L. Temple","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of autonomy over eating may impact nutrition-related disease risk, such as obesity and diabetes. Little is known about how eating autonomy develops throughout childhood and adolescence perhaps due to the absence of survey tools to measure adolescents eating autonomy behavioral engagement. This study developed and validated a comprehensive survey to evaluate adolescent eating autonomy using an iterative item development with content validity, expert review, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). A sample of United States adolescents (n = 355; 12–17 years) completed surveys, including the newly developed eating autonomy survey, adolescent-reported parental autonomy support, and Comprehensive Feeding Practices (CFPQ), demographics and food insecurity. Maximum Likelihood EFA tested the factor structure of survey items, with estimated factor associations examined by age, sex, BMI, and food insecurity risk. Spearman Correlations examined discriminant and convergent validity of newly identified factors against previously established parental-constructs related to adolescents' eating autonomy; parental autonomy support and food-related parenting practices. Eating autonomy survey factors were found to be sufficiently distinct from previously established constructs; with final 28-item survey loading onto 5 factors: Snack Autonomy, Breakfast and Lunch Autonomy, Food Purchasing and Independence, Parent-granted Autonomy, Contextual control in eating. Initial demographic exploration of eating autonomy factors found that females had more autonomy in most areas, while only select areas of autonomy were associated with adolescent age (3 factors), household food insecurity (2 factors) and adolescent BMI (1 factor). This work begins to delineate and quantify dimensions of adolescents’ autonomous eating behaviors yet further scale analyses are needed before the scale can be adopted more widely. Better understanding this unique developmental feature of adolescent eating behavior may reveal associations with a variety of behavioral concerns and health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 108371"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145429675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal overweight during the (Pre)pregnancy period and the development of disordered eating behaviors in adolescent offspring: Investigating the role of amygdala volume and BMI in childhood","authors":"V.C. Eikema ,&nbsp;R.E. Wiegel ,&nbsp;L.T.E. Kloppenborg ,&nbsp;T.J.H. White ,&nbsp;R.P.M. Steegers-Theunissen ,&nbsp;P.W. Jansen","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108380","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 108380"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145501373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of top-down appetite self-regulation in the development of healthy eating behaviors among children: a narrative review and socialization framework","authors":"David J. Bridgett ,&nbsp;Sheryl O. Hughes ,&nbsp;Matthew Broussard ,&nbsp;Daniela McCourt ,&nbsp;Christina M. Croce ,&nbsp;Jennifer O. Fisher","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Appetite self-regulation (ASR) among children is thought to have a fundamental role in shaping the development of healthy eating behaviors, dietary intake, and growth during childhood. Parallel to developmental frameworks for understanding “general” self-regulation among children, ASR has been described as involving children's use of “top-down” cognitive processes to moderate “bottom-up” biological drives around food approach and avoidance in the interest of achieving desired eating behaviors or outcomes. Whereas bottom-up ASR processes during early childhood are well characterized, particularly in the context of dysregulation and obesity risk, the role of top-down ASR processes in the development of healthy eating behaviors is virtually unstudied. The purpose of this narrative review is to bring together diverse research literatures in developmental psychology, food parenting, and ingestive behavior to articulate a role for top-down ASR in the development of healthy eating behaviors in early childhood and highlight putative socialization influences. We draw from a large literature on executive functioning in children to articulate how top-down ASR may be recruited in the service of achieving desired eating outcomes and draw from the developmental literature to highlight the potential avenues of socialization for top-down ASR processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 108384"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145533866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of variety and free accessibility of snack vegetables on the intake of 3- to 7-year-old children: A randomized cross-over trial","authors":"Femke J. de Gooijer ,&nbsp;Guido Camps ,&nbsp;Edith J.M. Feskens ,&nbsp;Marlou Lasschuijt","doi":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.appet.2025.108392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Children's vegetable consumption is below recommended levels. Offering children a choice is an easy to implement strategy to increase vegetable intake in children, however, results are inconclusive about the effectiveness to enhance intake. This study investigates the independent and combined effects of two types of choice offerings on vegetable intake in children aged 3–7 years: a variety of snack vegetables (versus no variety) and providing free access (versus parent-initiated eating). The study had a 2x2 cross-over design with two levels of vegetable variety: one vegetable (no-variety) or three vegetables (variety), and two levels of initiation: parent-initiated eating moments (initiated) or child-initiated eating moments (free). In randomized order, 44 children (20 boys, age = 5.7 ± 1.1) received each condition twice. Vegetables were offered as an afternoon snack at the child's home on schooldays, and intake was assessed using pre- and post-consumption weighing of left-overs. Vegetable intake was 58 % higher when a variety was offered (Mean ± SEM, 221 ± 11 g) compared to a single type of vegetables (140 ± 11 g), <em>p</em> &lt; .001. Intake was 14 % higher when children could choose when to eat (192 ± 11 g) versus a parent-initiated snack time (169 ± 11 g), <em>p</em> = .03. No interaction effects were found between conditions. These findings suggest that providing children with variety and free access are effective strategies to enhance vegetable intake, though the effects may be partially attributable to increased portion sizes and longer exposure times inherent to these interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":242,"journal":{"name":"Appetite","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 108392"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145615110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}