中华预防医学杂志Pub Date : 2025-09-06DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250319-00215
Q Hou, H Xu, L X Hao, W Z Yu, Z D Yin
{"title":"[Innovative publicity and communication models enhancing immunization program].","authors":"Q Hou, H Xu, L X Hao, W Z Yu, Z D Yin","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250319-00215","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250319-00215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective measures for preventing and controlling infectious diseases.In recent years, there has been a growing public demand for knowledge about vaccines and vaccine-preventable diseases, which has placed higher requirements on the capacity and quality of immunization services. However, \"vaccine hesitancy\" has become an increasingly prominent issue. In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) listed it as one of the top ten global health threats, and it is gradually becoming a major challenge for immunization programs worldwide. Therefore, current immunization programs need to actively innovate in publicity and communication strategies to enhance public willingness for voluntary vaccination, improve awareness and trust in vaccines, and further reinforce the understanding of their critical role in infectious disease prevention and control. This paper examines the challenges and circumstances faced by vaccination publicity and communication in the new era, and proposes relevant recommendations, aiming to provide reference for developing new models of publicity and communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 9","pages":"1486-1488"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
中华预防医学杂志Pub Date : 2025-09-06DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250523-00469
Y Y Wang, S J Yu, Q Chen, B C Zhan, K Chen, G Q Chen, L B Hong, J G Wu
{"title":"[Performance evaluation of an acridinium ester-based chemiluminescence assay for heparin-binding protein and its application in the diagnosis of sepsis].","authors":"Y Y Wang, S J Yu, Q Chen, B C Zhan, K Chen, G Q Chen, L B Hong, J G Wu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250523-00469","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250523-00469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the analytical performance and clinical application value of an acridinium ester-based chemiluminescence assay for detecting heparin-binding protein (HBP), providing more accurate laboratory evidence for the early diagnosis of infections and sepsis. The analytical performance of the HBP detection kit based on acridinium ester chemiluminescence was verified in Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine in January 2024 to June 2024, including limit of blank (LoB), accuracy, precision, linear range, anti-interference ability, and clinical diagnostic concordance. The potential of this assay in early diagnosis and treatment monitoring of sepsis was assessed. HBP levels were measured in 97 patients with sepsis and 160 healthy controls, and intergroup differences were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test. The results showed that the LoB of the HBP detection kit based on acridinium ester chemiluminescence was 0.10 RLU, and low-concentration sample testing showed good discrimination. In the accuracy evaluation, the regression equation between the test reagent and the comparator was <i>y</i>=1.015 2<i>x</i>-2.850 8 (R²=0.995 1). For precision, the CV in intra-assay was ≤3.51%, and the CV in inter-assay was ≤4.18%. Within the linear range of 0.42-493.46 ng/ml, the regression equation was <i>y</i>=0.996 9<i>x</i>+3.066 0 (R²=0.999 1). In interference experiments, the relative deviation was <3%. Clinically, the median HBP concentration in the sepsis group (median: 121.1 ng/ml) was significantly higher than in the control group (median: 6.3 ng/ml, <i>P</i><0.000 1), with a diagnostic sensitivity of 98.97% and specificity of 96.25%. Age stratification had no effect on HBP levels (<i>U=</i>448<i>,P</i>=0.780 0). In conclusion,the acridinium ester-based chemiluminescence assay requires only about 10 minutes to complete the detection and deliver results, demonstrating acceptable sensitivity, precision, and anti-interference capability. Its wide linear range and rapid detection meet emergency testing needs. Clinical validation confirms HBP's extremely high sensitivity and specificity for sepsis diagnosis, supporting its role as a key marker for early diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and prognosis assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 9","pages":"1546-1551"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
中华预防医学杂志Pub Date : 2025-09-06DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20241220-01028
C H Zhang, Z W Zheng, Y Huang, J Xia, J Y Wu, Y Kang, Z B Zhang, M Cui, J L Xiao
{"title":"[Analysis of the immunization status and related factors for children aged 0-7 years old with special health status in Tianhe District, Guangzhou City from 2023 to 2024].","authors":"C H Zhang, Z W Zheng, Y Huang, J Xia, J Y Wu, Y Kang, Z B Zhang, M Cui, J L Xiao","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20241220-01028","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20241220-01028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze the immunization status of routine vaccines for children aged 0-7 years old with special health status in Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, from 2023 to 2024. <b>Methods:</b> From April 2023 to March 2024, 42 vaccination units in Tianhe District, Guangzhou, were organized to collect data on diseases and vaccination history of children with special health status. Vaccination rates were calculated, and multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the impact of special health status on vaccination rates. <b>Results:</b> A total of 1 976 children aged 0-7 years old with special health status were included, with an average of (1.26±0.58) diseases per participant. The average number of vaccine doses administered for routine immunizations was (14.29±4.27), and the full vaccination coverage was 72.76%. The vaccination rate of 10 doses in the immunization program vaccine was less than 90.00%. The timely rate of the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB1) was 74.14%, and that of the first dose of measles vaccine (MCV1) was 63.93%. Compared with children with infectious diseases, those with neonatal diseases were more likely to miss the third dose of poliomyelitis vaccine (PV3), MCV1 and the second dose of Group A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (MPSV-A2). Those with neuromuscular system diseases were more likely to miss PV3, MPSV-A2 and the first dose of Japanese encephalitis vaccine, live (JE-L1). Those with congenital heart disease were more likely to miss PV3, the third dose of diphtheria tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP3), MCV1, MPSV-A2, and JE-L1. Those with hematological disorders were more likely to miss PV3, MCV1, MPSV-A2, and JE-L1. Those with genetic diseases were more likely to miss MPSV-A2. Those with comorbidities were more likely to miss MCV1 and MPSV-A2. Those with neonatal diseases, neuromuscular system diseases, congenital heart disease, hematopoietic system diseases, genetic diseases, or comorbidities had difficulties in completing the full vaccination process. <b>Conclusion:</b> Children with special health conditions have lower rates of routine immunization and timely vaccination. More measures are needed to improve vaccination rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 9","pages":"1512-1520"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
中华预防医学杂志Pub Date : 2025-09-06DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250712-00661
W Q Luo, Z Q Huang, J Ye
{"title":"[Clinical research advances in nasal inflammatory disease: highlights from the 2025 European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Congress].","authors":"W Q Luo, Z Q Huang, J Ye","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250712-00661","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250712-00661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>From June 13th to 16th, 2025, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology annual meeting was successfully held in Glasgow, UK. The conference attracted over 8 000 scholars and experts from around the world, becoming the largest global event in the fields of allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology. The theme of the conference,\"Breaking boundaries in Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology: Integrating Planetary Health for a Sustainable Future\" focused on the close relationship between environmental changes and allergic diseases. As climate change continues to intensify, the pathogenesis and prevention strategies for allergic diseases have garnered widespread attention. In this meeting, allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis were major topics of discussion, and the research advancements presented provided valuable insights for future clinical treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 9","pages":"1434-1438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
中华预防医学杂志Pub Date : 2025-09-06DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250526-00481
{"title":"[Expert consensus on comprehensive prevention and control strategies for human papillomavirus associated diseases].","authors":"","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250526-00481","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250526-00481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is not only the primary cause of cervical cancer but is also closely linked to anal, vaginal, penile, vulvar, and head and neck cancers, including oropharyngeal and oral cancers. Additionally, HPV can cause genital warts and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, posing a significant threat to population health. Enhancing the prevention and control of HPV-associated diseases is crucial for safeguarding public health in China. This consensus explicitly advocates for strengthening scientific research, improving professional capacities, intensifying public health education, enhancing access to prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment services, and promoting policy support. These measures aim to establish an integrated strategy for the comprehensive prevention and control of HPV-associated diseases, offering strategic guidance for healthcare providers, researchers, health administrators, and policymakers involved in HPV prevention and control. It also emphasizes expanding focus and action beyond cervical cancer, advocating a transition from a predominantly female-centered prevention model toward a gender-neutral approach, thereby fostering a more comprehensive public health framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 ","pages":"1362-1371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144643688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
中华预防医学杂志Pub Date : 2025-09-06DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20241016-00820
W Yao, H Y Wang
{"title":"[Progress in the application of JAK inhibitors in atopic dermatitis].","authors":"W Yao, H Y Wang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20241016-00820","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20241016-00820","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atopic dermatitis is a chronic recurrent inflammatory skin disorder associated with heterogenous presentation and immense patient burden. Previous therapeutic drugs include topical glucocorticoids, topical calcineurin inhibitors, oral antihistamines, systemic immunosuppressants, glucocorticoids and biologcis, etc. In recent years, a variety of small molecule drugs have been approved for the treatment of atopic dermatitis.Two selective JAK inhibitors Upadacitinib and Abrocitinib, have been approved for AD treatment indications in China. This mini-review summarizes the clinical application of these two drugs in the treatment of AD, including the underlying molecular mechanisms, clinical trials, and clinical experiences, highlighting the value of selective JAK inhibitors in AD therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 9","pages":"1566-1574"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
中华预防医学杂志Pub Date : 2025-09-06DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250319-00221
Q Z Chen, H H Yu, Y Wang, H Li
{"title":"[Analysis of the global burden of soft tissue and extraosseous sarcomas among individuals aged from 15 to 49 based on global burden of disease database].","authors":"Q Z Chen, H H Yu, Y Wang, H Li","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250319-00221","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250319-00221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To systematically analyze the disease burden of soft tissue and extraosseous sarcomas (STEOS) among individuals aged 15-49 years old worldwide and in the Chinese mainland from 1990 to 2021, and explore the relationship between socio-economic development and disease burden. <b>Methods:</b> Incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) for STEOS in populations aged from 15 to 49 were collected from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD2021) database. The temporal trends in disease burden were quantified using the average annual percentage change (AAPC). The socio-demographic index (SDI) was employed to examine the socio-economic development. <b>Results:</b> The global incidence rate of STEOS among individuals aged 15-49 remained relatively stable (AAPC=-0.13, 95%<i>CI</i>:-0.23--0.04, <i>P</i>=0.299). In contrast, significant declines were observed in both mortality rate (AAPC=-0.39, 95%<i>CI</i>:-0.47--0.31, <i>P</i><0.001) and DALY rate (AAPC=-0.46, 95%<i>CI</i>:-0.54--0.38, <i>P</i><0.001). In the Chinese mainland, the incidence of STEOS among individuals aged 15-49 remained relatively stable (AAPC=-0.10, 95%<i>CI</i>:-0.31-0.10, <i>P</i>=0.314), while the mortality rate (AAPC=-1.42, 95%<i>CI</i>:-1.59--1.25, <i>P</i><0.001) and DALY rate (AAPC=-1.62, 95%<i>CI</i>:-1.82--1.42, <i>P</i><0.001) declined steadily from 1990 to 2021. In 2021, high-SDI regions reported high incidence rate (1.38/100 000, 95%<i>UI</i>:1.28/100 000-1.46/100 000), mortality rate (0.42/100 000, 95%<i>UI</i>:0.39/100 000-0.43/100 000) and DALY rate (23.05/100 000, 95%<i>UI</i>:21.84/100 000-24.00/100 000), while low-SDI regions reported high mortality rate (0.36/100 000, 95%<i>UI</i>:0.27/100 000-0.54/100 000) and DALY rate (20.50/100 000, 95%<i>UI</i>:15.46/100 000-30.96/100 000). <b>Conclusion:</b> The disease burden of STEOS worldwide and in the Chinese mainland populations aged from 15 to 49 has declined consistently. Notably, STEOS constitutes a substantial disease burden, particularly among countries and regions with high-SDI and low-SDI in 2021.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 9","pages":"1521-1527"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
中华预防医学杂志Pub Date : 2025-08-14DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250724-00712
{"title":"[Expert Initiative for the Prevention and Control of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Related Diseases Among Chinese Male].","authors":"","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250724-00712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250724-00712","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection not only causes cervical cancer in women but also leads to HPV-related cancers and genital warts in men. Globally, 82 countries have adopted a gender-neutral HPV vaccination strategy to prevent and control related diseases. In China, HPV vaccination for men has now been implemented. Based on the global and domestic burden of male HPV-related diseases, evidence on the safety and efficacy of HPV vaccines in males, and lessons from international male HPV prevention efforts, a panel of experts has developed the Expert Initiative for the Prevention and Control of HPV Infection and related diseases among Chinese males after multi-round discussions. The initiative proposes: Develop comprehensive strategies for the prevention and control of male HPV infection and related diseases; prioritize and enhance public education and awareness campaigns; promote joint prevention for both men and women and advance gender-inclusive vaccination; innovate financing mechanisms to reduce the economic burden; strengthen research on male HPV infection and vaccination to facilitate the development of new vaccines; and adopt innovative immunization models to improve the quality of vaccination services.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144849194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
中华预防医学杂志Pub Date : 2025-08-06DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240809-00640
L Liu, Y G Nie, X Y Ji, G L Zhang, Y Liu, D Y Zhao, N Li
{"title":"[Epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal distribution of hepatitis C in Henan Province from 2012 to 2022].","authors":"L Liu, Y G Nie, X Y Ji, G L Zhang, Y Liu, D Y Zhao, N Li","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240809-00640","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240809-00640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal distribution of hepatitis C in Henan province from 2012 to 2022. <b>Methods:</b> The case report data on hepatitis C from counties and districts in Henan between 2012 and 2022 were collected. The distribution characteristics were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods, and GeoDa1.2 software was used to perform spatial autocorrelation analysis. The spatiotemporal epidemiological analysis was conducted using SaTScan 10.1 software. <b>Results:</b> A total of 274 485 hepatitis C cases were reported in Henan from 2012 to 2022. The reported annual average incidence rate was 25.84/100 000 and showed an overall downward trend from 2012 to 2022 (<i>Z</i>=-4.05, <i>P</i><0.001). More cases were reported in women. The cases were mainly aged 40-69 years and farmers. Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the reported cases of hepatitis C present spatial clustering during 2012-2022, and the areas with high incidence were mainly distributed in counties or districts of Zhengzhou, Zhumadian, Xuchang, Zhoukou, and Nanyang. One class I clustering area was detected by spatiotemporal scanning, which mainly covered Xuchang, Pingdingshan and the surrounding counties (<i>LLR</i>=16 117.73, <i>RR</i>=1.81, <i>P</i><0.001). <b>Conclusion:</b> The reported cases of hepatitis C in Henan Province show an overall downward trend from 2012 to 2022 and present spatiotemporal clustering. The seasonal regularity of the hepatitis C epidemic is not obvious. People aged 40-69 years old and farmers are the key population for prevention and control.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 8","pages":"1203-1208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144883867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
中华预防医学杂志Pub Date : 2025-08-06DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240903-00703
K Sun, L Chen, J S Wang, Y J Han, X F Luo
{"title":"[Trend and quantitative analysis of disease mortality in China from 1990 to 2021].","authors":"K Sun, L Chen, J S Wang, Y J Han, X F Luo","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240903-00703","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240903-00703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze the long-term trends in cause-specific mortality across different sexes and age groups in China from 1990 to 2021, and quantitatively assess the impact of population aging on cause-specific deaths by sex. <b>Methods:</b> Based on data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, this study extracted the number of deaths, crude mortality rates and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) for all causes, Level 1 causes (communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases; non-communicable diseases; injuries) and Level 3 causes in China from 1990 to 2021, stratified by sex and age group. This study analyzed the current situation and long-term trends in mortality in China, applying decomposition analysis to quantify the impact of population aging on the number of deaths. <b>Results:</b> In 2021, the ASMRs of all-cause death and the three primary causes of death in Level 1 in China were 644.68, 26.59, 575.55, and 41.82 per 100 000, respectively. The ASMRs of the three primary causes continued to decline, with the smallest decrease observed in non-communicable diseases [EAPC=-1.79%, 95%<i>CI</i> (-1.92%, -1.66%)] and the largest in communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases (CMNND) [EAPC=-5.86%, 95%<i>CI</i> (-6.06%, -5.65%)]. The ASMRs were higher in males than females, with a smaller decline. Mortality was higher in the elderly. CMNND deaths mainly occurred in children under 5 and the elderly; non-communicable disease deaths were concentrated in the elderly; injury deaths were relatively evenly distributed across age groups. The proportion of CMNND deaths decreased annually, while the proportion of non-communicable disease deaths increased. From 1990 to 2021, population aging contributed to an increase of 8.11 million all-cause deaths, 167 464.42 CMNND deaths, 7.74 million non-communicable diseases deaths, and 196 287.78 injury deaths. The impact of population aging differed by sex and disease, with male and female aging-related deaths increasing by 4.47 million and 3.70 million, respectively. Compared to 1990, the age-specific mortality rate contributions in 2021 were -72.82% for males and -93.87% for females, with variations by sex and disease. <b>Conclusion:</b> The composition of disease-related deaths in China has changed notably. Population aging is linked to the sharp rise in deaths, with varying impacts across sexes and diseases. Reducing disease mortality can help lessen the negative effects of population aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 8","pages":"1232-1238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144883897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}