中华预防医学杂志最新文献

{"title":"[Establishment and validation of serum quality identification model].","authors":"L Zhu, H Ding, F Guo, X M Wang, J Y Ma, R Zheng, G Tian, Z X Yin, J Feng, Y H Gao","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20260114-00040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20260114-00040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To construct an artificial intelligence-based recognition model for serum quality using machine learning, enabling the accurate identification of three types of abnormal specimens (hemolysis, lipemia, and jaundice) as well as their severity levels. <b>Methods:</b> Serum sample images were collected from outpatients, inpatients, and physical examinees in the Department of Clinical Laboratory of the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from November to December 2024. After double-blind labeling by five senior laboratory technicians, image preprocessing and data augmentation were performed. The dataset was split into training and validation sets in a 7∶3 ratio. A residual convolutional neural network was used to extract features, which were then used to construct a fully connected model. Model performance was evaluated using precision, recall, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and other indicators. A total of 2 218 samples randomly collected on September 2, 2025, were used for double-blind test validation. <b>Results:</b> Among the 38 278 serum samples, the AUC values of the model for identifying hemolysis, chyle, and icterus were 0.997, 0.998, and 0.967, respectively, and the AUC values for severity grading identification were all greater than 0.963. In the double-blind test, the accuracy for serum window recognition, normal serum, and abnormal serum was 99.37%, 93.27%, and 90.91%, respectively, and the accuracy for identifying the three types of abnormal specimens was 90.11%, 85.21%, and 71.70%, respectively. The overall recognition accuracy for severe abnormalities was higher than that for mild abnormalities. The difference was statistically significant for hemolysis (92.11% <i>vs.</i>75.47%, <i>χ</i>²=4.23, <i>P</i>=0.040), but not statistically significant for chyle (88.24% <i>vs.</i>78.40%, <i>P</i>=0.420) or icterus (85.71% <i>vs.</i> 69.57%, <i>P</i>=0.630). <b>Conclusion:</b> The deep learning model constructed in this study can accurately identify abnormal serum quality types and their severity grades, and shows high recognition accuracy in double-blind tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"60 9","pages":"1429-1435"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of training effectiveness and feedback in a pollen monitoring training program integrating artificial intelligence].","authors":"L Li, Y Y Xu, G Xie, J Yin, R Q Wang, H J He, J X Zhou, L Xue, K Guan, L L Wang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20251017-01000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20251017-01000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the pollen training program at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) in improving participants' knowledge of pollen monitoring, identification, and artificial intelligence (AI)-based identification, as well as to assess the participants' satisfaction with the course design and their needs, in order to provide reference for future course optimization. A pre-post self-controlled design and a post-training cross-sectional survey were used. A total of 120 participants who attended the pollen training program at the Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, between January 2024 and August 2025 were included. Electronic questionnaires administered before and after training were used to assess participants' knowledge acquisition, while a post-training questionnaire was used to collect course feedback. The exact McNemar test and Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test were used for statistical analysis. As a result, after systematic training in the pollen course, the trainees showed significant improvement in their accuracy of answering questions related to pollen identification and monitoring (exact McNemar test, All <i>P</i><0.05). Particularly marked improvements were observed in the identification of <i>Humulus</i> pollen morphology, identification of <i>Ginkgo</i> pollen morphology, and pollen-slide staining methods, with correct response rates increasing from 11.3% (8/71), 14.1% (10/71), and 12.7% (9/71) to 80.3% (57/71), 95.8% (68/71), and 77.5% (55/71), respectively. In the assessment of AI-based pollen identification, participants showed the greatest improvement in their understanding of image-recognition methods, with the correct response rate increasing from 36.1% (13/36) to 80.6% (29/36) (exact McNemar test, <i>P</i><0.001). Participants reported a high level of perceived mastery of pollen identification and monitoring-related knowledge and skills. The self-assessment scores [<i>M</i>(<i>Q</i>₁,<i>Q</i>₃)] for all course components were ≥79.0, with a score of 80.0 (67.0, 92.5) for mastery of airborne allergenic pollen identification. Satisfaction scores for the overall program, theoretical sessions, and practical sessions [<i>M</i> (<i>Q</i>₁, <i>Q</i>₃)] were all 10 (10, 10). The duration of the theoretical sessions, practical sessions, and question-and-answer sessions was considered appropriate by 83.6% (61/73), 76.7% (56/73), and 78.1% (57/73) of participants, respectively.In conclusion, the pollen training program at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, which incorporated AI-based pollen identification, significantly enhanced allergy-related professionals' knowledge in pollen monitoring, identification, and AI-based pollen recognition, providing a reference for the optimization of related training programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"60 9","pages":"1549-1554"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Strategic considerations for strengthening clinicians' impact on childhood respiratory disease vaccination].","authors":"X H Pang, A Q Xu, S Chao, X Wang, S Y Zhan, Z J Feng","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20260507-00405","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20260507-00405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childhood vaccination is an effective means of preventing respiratory diseases, as it can effectively reduce the risk of children contracting respiratory illnesses and developing severe complications, and decrease antibiotic usage. Clinicians frequently interact with children's parents or guardians and serve as a trusted source of health information, playing a critical role in vaccine recommendations. Clinicians' recommendations can significantly influence parents' willingness to vaccinate and their decision-making. This article explores the current importance of clinicians in vaccine recommendations, as well as the challenges and issues they face, and proposes ways to strengthen clinicians' influence in promoting childhood respiratory disease vaccination. The aim is to further improve vaccination coverage for childhood respiratory diseases and safeguard children's health.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"60 ","pages":"1417-1421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148309667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Research progress on the impact of physical activity on myopia in children and adolescents].","authors":"K Y Ren, H J Tong, C Y Li, F B Tao","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250923-00921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250923-00921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childhood and adolescent myopia has emerged as a growing public health concern worldwide, with accumulating evidence confirming regular physical activity as a robust preventive strategy against myopia. This article systematically reviews the associations between the characteristics of physical activity and myopia development in children and adolescents. Existing studies have demonstrated that ball sports exert prominent effects on curbing myopia progression, while outdoor physical activity confers superior protective benefits relative to indoor exercise. Consistently, increased engagement in physical activity is significantly correlated with a lower risk of myopia onset and progression. Such protective effects can be mechanistically explained: ball sports facilitate beneficial regulatory reflexes of the ocular ciliary muscle, whereas high-intensity sunlight exposure and specific solar spectral bands promote retinal dopamine secretion, thereby suppressing myopic development. Furthermore, elevated vitamin D levels may decelerate myopia progression, though the underlying mechanism requires further in-depth investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"60 9","pages":"1505-1512"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Establishment of age- and sex-specific reference intervals for cerebrospinal fluid total protein based on dry chemistry method].","authors":"Y J Guan, Y Xu, Y H Deng, D Wang, W Q Wu, H Q Jiang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20260413-00326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20260413-00326","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; To establish age- and sex-specific reference intervals (RIs) for cerebrospinal fluid total protein (CSF-TP) in a single-center Han Chinese population, providing a reference basis for the diagnosis of neurological diseases. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on CSF routine and biochemical data from Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, between January 1, 2018, and July 30, 2024. A total of 40 198 CSF test records were retrieved from the Laboratory Information System. After excluding cases with conditions known to elevate CSF-TP levels, 6 173 \"apparently healthy\" samples were ultimately included. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;) was used to assess the correlation between CSF-TP and age. Continuous variables are presented as &lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt;(&lt;i&gt;Q&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Q&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;). The Mann-Whitney &lt;i&gt;U&lt;/i&gt; test was employed to compare CSF-TP levels between sexes. Quantile regression was performed to establish age-and sex-specific RIs for CSF-TP (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt;-&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;97.5&lt;/sub&gt;). Subgroup analyses were conducted to compare CSF-TP levels among five categories of neurological diseases: brain tumors, demyelinating diseases, hemorrhagic diseases, infectious diseases, and rare diseases. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; CSF-TP concentration increased with age (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;=0.369, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001). The overall median CSF-TP level was 462 (363, 547) mg/L, with males 481 (387, 574) mg/L exhibiting significantly higher levels than females 424 (338, 513) mg/L (&lt;i&gt;U&lt;/i&gt;=3 664 330, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001). The established RIs rose progressively with age, ranging from 170-580 mg/L in young adults (18-25 years) to 220-810 mg/L in the 61-65 years group, and further to 250-900 mg/L in the elderly (&gt;76 years). Within the same age strata, the upper limit of the RI was consistently higher in males than in females, whereas it was slightly higher in females than in males in the &gt;76 years group. Subgroup analysis revealed distinct distribution patterns. In the tumor group, craniopharyngioma patients had significantly higher CSF-TP levels 2 249 (1 350, 3 643) mg/L than those with meningioma 1 453 (1 056, 2 254) mg/L (&lt;i&gt;U&lt;/i&gt;=6 151), lung cancer brain metastasis 1 085(1 005, 1 853) mg/L (&lt;i&gt;U&lt;/i&gt;=1 177), pituitary adenoma 1 689 (1 079, 2 935) mg/L (&lt;i&gt;U&lt;/i&gt;=26 518), and primary central nervous system lymphoma 1 079 (902, 1 710) mg/L (&lt;i&gt;U&lt;/i&gt;=2 242) (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001). In the demyelinating group, multiple sclerosis patients exhibited significantly lower levels 693.5 (612.0, 726.5) mg/L compared to chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy 1 080 (939, 1 494) mg/L (&lt;i&gt;U&lt;/i&gt;=23), myelitis 1 064 (842, 1 580) mg/L (&lt;i&gt;U&lt;/i&gt;=155), and Guillain-Barré syndrome 1 355 (975, 2 210) mg/L (&lt;i&gt;U&lt;/i&gt;=58) (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001). In the infectious disease subgroup, the median CSF TP levels were 1 032 (863, 1 670) mg/L for cryptococcal infection, 1 235 (904, 1 724) mg/L for neurosyphilis, and 1 334 (1 019, 2 614) mg/L for tubercu","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"60 9","pages":"1486-1494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of influencing factors of influenza vaccine vaccination among elderly people aged ≥60 years in Shaanxi Province].","authors":"C Zhang, T T Zhou, S W Li, L Li, C S Liu, W J Hu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20260202-00097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20260202-00097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In January 2025, a questionnaire survey was conducted among elderly individuals aged ≥60 years at 24 vaccination units across 12 counties (districts) in 3 prefecture-level cities of Shaanxi Province to explore factors influencing influenza vaccination. Of the 700 respondents, 348 (49.71%) were vaccinated and 352 (50.29%) were unvaccinated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that, compared with participants who had a primary school education or below, lived in rural areas, perceived a low risk of influenza infection, considered influenza vaccination unimportant for health, and had no family members, relatives, or friends vaccinated in the preceding six months, the following characteristics were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of vaccination: having a college degree or above (<i>OR</i>=2.765, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.053-7.258), urban residence (<i>OR</i>=1.935, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.238-3.026), high perceived risk of infection (<i>OR</i>=4.890, 95%<i>CI</i>: 2.284-10.469), a belief that vaccination was important for health (<i>OR</i>=10.956, 95%<i>CI</i>: 2.669-44.971), and having family members, relatives, or friends with a history of influenza vaccination (<i>OR</i>=5.071, 95%<i>CI</i>: 3.263-7.882).</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"60 9","pages":"1457-1463"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Exploration of a cervical cancer prevention and treatment model in low-resource regions supported by emerging technologies].","authors":"Y J Yang, Y T Zhu, W Q Qiu, H Y Ding, H K Wang, P Dong, K Wang, Y L Meng, Y L Qiao, A Y Mao","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20251103-01042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20251103-01042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cervical cancer, a malignant tumor with a clear etiology that is preventable and controllable, has become a major public health priority for prevention and control both globally and in China. In 2020, the WHO launched the \"Global Strategy to Accelerate the Elimination of Cervical Cancer\", to which China has actively responded by promoting the implementation of a three-tiered prevention and treatment pathway. However, cervical cancer prevention and control in China still faces challenges such as insufficient systematic management of screening, limited primary healthcare resources, fragmentation in screening, diagnosis, and treatment, as well as low rates of screening and HPV vaccination. These issues are particularly pronounced in low-resource settings. To address these challenges, since 2023, the project team has explored the application of information technology, artificial intelligence, and visualization tools in pilot areas to establish a programmatic and digitally integrated prevention and control model for cervical cancer. This model, structured around the three-tiered prevention process, promotes digital health education and HPV self-sampling technologies to improve accessibility for priority populations. For healthcare providers, it employs intelligent population management, AI-assisted colposcopy diagnosis, and training programs to enhance the efficiency and quality of the entire screening-diagnosis-treatment process.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"60 9","pages":"1555-1560"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Expert consensus on preseasonal prophylactic drug therapy for pollen-induced allergic rhinitis (2026)].","authors":"","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20260115-00045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20260115-00045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pollen-induced allergic rhinitis is a common respiratory allergic disease that significantly impairs patients' quality of life. Available evidence indicates that preventive treatment initiated before the pollen season can effectively alleviate in-season symptoms and delay disease onset; however, standardized and unified preventive treatment strategies are still lacking in China. This consensus was developed by a multidisciplinary panel of experts using the Delphi method. The evidence on preseasonal preventive treatment for pollen-induced allergic rhinitis was systematically reviewed, and through multiple rounds of expert discussions and anonymous voting, core recommendations were formulated. This consensus recommends that oral second-generation antihistamines be initiated 1-2 weeks before the pollen season and intranasal corticosteroids 2-4 weeks before the pollen season, with both continued until the end of the pollen season; the latter is particularly indicated for patients with moderate-to-severe allergic rhinitis. Biologics targeting type 2 inflammation have demonstrated efficacy during the pollen season, but additional evidence is required to support their use as preventive medications. Leukotriene receptor antagonists are not recommended as monotherapy for preventive treatment. In China, allergen immunotherapy is mainly administered as a continuous, year-round regimen, and short-term intermittent preseasonal use is currently not recommended. Systemic corticosteroids and decongestants are not recommended for preventive use. This consensus aims to provide a scientific and standardized basis for clinical decision-making, thereby improving symptom control and enhancing patients' quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"60 9","pages":"1405-1416"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Expression and significance of PD-1/PD-L1 in CD4⁺T cells in peripheral blood of children with Kawasaki disease].","authors":"Y X Zhang, M Wu, D H Yang, Y Zhang, H B Chen","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250903-00852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250903-00852","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; To investigate the expression levels of programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (programmed death-ligand 1, PD-L1) in CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;T cells from peripheral blood of children with Kawasaki disease, analyzes their correlation with inflammatory indicators such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune inflammation index (SII), and further evaluate the diagnostic value of these indicators for Kawasaki disease. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; In this cross-sectional study, 57 children with Kawasaki disease and 44 children with febrile illness diagnosed at the Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between November 2024 and September 2025 were enrolled, along with 49 healthy children from the hospital's physical examination center as controls. Flow cytometry was used to measure the expression levels of PD-1 and PD-L1 in CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;T cells from peripheral blood of the children. Spearman correlation analysis was applied to assess the correlation between the proportion of CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;PD-1&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;T and CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;PD-L1&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;T cells and various inflammatory indicators. Binary logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to calculate the optimal cut-off value, sensitivity, and specificity for diagnosing Kawasaki disease. Data are presented as median (interquartile range), denoted as &lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Q&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;,&lt;i&gt;Q&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;). &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; No significant differences were observed among the three groups in terms of gender, age, or duration of fever [gender: &lt;i&gt;χ²=&lt;/i&gt;0.65, &lt;i&gt;P=&lt;/i&gt;0.721;age: 4.00 (3.00, 5.00) years &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt;3.00 (2.00, 5.50) years &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt;3.00 (1.00, 6.00) years, &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;=0.44, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.804;duration of fever[ &lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Q&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;,&lt;i&gt;Q&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;)]: 4.00 (1.00, 6.00) d &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt;4.00 (3.00, 5.00) d,&lt;i&gt;U&lt;/i&gt;=976.00, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.204]. The inflammatory indicators (NLR, PLR, SII) and the proportion of CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;PD-1&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;T and CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;PD-L1&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;T cells in peripheral blood were significantly higher in Kawasaki disease group than in the healthy and febrile groups [NLR: 2.78 (1.16, 4.45) &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt;0.81(0.52, 1.04) &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt;0.86 (0.35, 2.14), &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;=40.76, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;&lt;/i&gt;0.01; PLR: 111.10 (85.90, 169.10) &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt;85.22 (67.60, 107.30) &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;.86.94 (59.20, 125.60), &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;=11.74, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;&lt;/i&gt;0.01; SII: 894 (484, 1 543) &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt;231.60 (137.10, 363.20) &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt;242.80 (90.05, 515.60), &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;=51.54, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.01; CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;PD-1&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;T%: 5.46% (3.36%, 8.00%) &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt;2.68% (1.88%, 3.97%) &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt;3.52% (2.19%, 4.73%), &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;=32.58, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.01; CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;PD-L1&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;T%: 8.17% (4.30%, 12.46%) &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt;1.57% (1.05%, 2.85%) &lt;i&gt;vs.&lt;/i&gt;1.74% (1.20%, 3.22%), &lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;=67.30, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.01]. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the expression ratio of CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;PD-1&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;T cells in perip","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"60 9","pages":"1447-1456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Genomic evolution and epidemiological patterns of respiratory syncytial virus and their implications for surveillance and early warning].","authors":"Z F Zhao, J F Zeng, C Chen","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250918-00908","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250918-00908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important respiratory pathogen in infants, young children and older adults. Based on global RSV genomic surveillance data, this review systematically summarizes the geographic distribution, seasonal epidemic patterns, and long-term evolutionary trends of RSV, with particular emphasis on the sustained circulation and evolutionary mechanisms of dominant genotypes such as ON1 in RSV-A and BA9 in RSV-B. Current evidence indicates that RSV transmission dynamics are tightly coupled with viral evolution. The G gene evolves relatively rapidly and contains multiple positively selected sites, suggesting an important role in immune escape and population adaptation. In recent years, changes in social behavior patterns and population immunity have further disrupted the seasonal rhythm of RSV and may have influenced the spread of dominant genotypes. Under routine respiratory infectious disease surveillance, strengthened genomic monitoring and integration of multi-source data are needed to improve early warning of abnormal RSV epidemics and variant-associated risks, thereby providing prospective evidence for protecting high-risk populations and informing public health decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"60 ","pages":"1519-1523"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148309626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}