中华预防医学杂志最新文献

{"title":"[Mechanisms, prevention and treatment strategies of cat allergen sensitization].","authors":"Y B Chen, L Jiang, M Zhang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250416-00321","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250416-00321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cat allergens are among the most significant environmental factors contributing to the onset of allergic diseases. The increasing global prevalence of pet cat ownership in recent years has been associated with a rise in the incidence of allergic diseases linked to cat allergens. Research has demonstrated that pet cats can trigger type I hypersensitivity-related conditions, such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis, in atopic individuals through allergens found in their dander, saliva, urine, and other substances. The precise mechanism by which cat allergens induce immune tolerance remains incompletely understood. Furthermore, due to the complexities of multiple sensitizations and cross-reactivity, the interactions between cat allergens and other pet allergens (e.g., dog allergens) and air pollutants in the development of allergic diseases are not yet fully elucidated. Consequently, this article reviews recent advancements in the epidemiology of cat allergen sensitization, the underlying mechanisms, exposure and sensitization risks, component-resolved diagnostics, treatment, and prevention, with the aim of providing references for clinical strategies in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of these conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 9","pages":"1372-1380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of the drug resistence and the whole genome characteristics of mycoplasma pneumoniae strains in Suzhou City from 2023 to 2024].","authors":"M Yuan, X L Wang, Q Shen, X R Ya, X Yuan, G Tian, Z F Dong","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250107-00016","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250107-00016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To analyze the prevalence, drug resistance and whole genome characteristics of <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> (MP) in respiratory throat swab samples of hospitalized children with pneumonia in Suzhou City from 2023 to 2024. Throat swab samples of hospitalized children aged 0-14 years old with pneumonia in Suzhou were collected from September 2023 to September 2024. Real-time fluorenscence quantitative PCR technology was used to detect MP nucleic acid. The results showed that the positive rate of MP in 3 235 samples was 22.44% (726/3 235), with a rate of 55.00% in week 47 of 2023. The positive rate of MP increased with age (<i>χ</i>²=45.842, <i>P<</i>0.001). The study selected MP nucleic acid test positive samples from week 20 (5.13-5.19) to week 23 (6.3-6.9) of 2024 for isolation, culture and resistance phenotype detection. About 31 MP strains were successfully isolated and cultured, all of which were resistant to macrolides. The next-generation sequencing technology and nanopore sequencing technology were used for genome sequencing. All 31 strains carried the A2063G mutation, with the main prevalent genotype being the P1-1, and the main mlST type being the ST3. Despite the overall genomic similarity between strains being over 99%, there were significant differences between the P1-1 and P1-2 strains in the P1 gene region. In summary, from 2023 to 2024, the main MP type prevalent in Suzhou City is the P1-1 genotype. All isolated MP strains carry an A2063G resistance site mutation and are resistant to macrolides, requiring continuous monitoring and further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 9","pages":"1533-1539"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Allergic profile characteristics and clinical application trends in patients undergoing immunotherapy for cat and dog hair allergens: a retrospective analysis from 2019 to 2023].","authors":"Q Wang, L S Li, Y Wang, J Yin, J Q Gu, J Zheng, Y Li, Z R Du, K Guan","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250124-00073","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250124-00073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To investigate the clinical demand for subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) with pet allergens and explore the sensitization characteristics of patients undergoing pet SCIT. <b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with pet allergies and treated with pet allergen SCIT in our outpatient clinic from January 2019 to December 2023. Patients were categorized into three groups based on the type of SCIT received: single-cat SCIT group, single-dog SCIT group, and combined cat-dog SCIT group. <b>Results:</b> A total of 931 patients were included, the age range was 5-65 years (median age of 30 years), with 283 male and 648 female. Among them, 67.7%(<i>n</i>=630) received single-cat SCIT, 10.9% (<i>n</i>=102)received single-dog SCIT, and 21.4% (<i>n</i>=199) received combined cat-dog SCIT. The number of patients receiving pet allergen SCIT increased annually. Patients in the single-dog SCIT group were significantly older than those in the other two groups (<i>H</i>=41.329,<i>P</i><0.001) and had a lower prevalence of allergic rhinitis (91.2% <i>vs.</i> 96.5% and 98.5%; <i>χ</i>²=10.400,<i>P</i>=0.006). In the combined cat-dog SCIT group, the allergy rate to mold allergens was significantly higher than in the single-cat SCIT group (12.6% <i>vs.</i> 4.9%, <i>χ</i>²=13.965,<i>P</i>=0.001). In the single-dog SCIT group, the allergy rate to spring pollen allergens was significantly higher than in the other two groups (<i>χ</i>²=15.731,<i>P</i><0.001), and the allergy rate to autumn pollen allergens was significantly higher than in the single-cat SCIT group (<i>χ</i>²=13.459,<i>P</i>=0.001). There was no significant difference in the dust mite allergy rate among the three groups(<i>χ</i>²=4.117,<i>P</i>=0.129). In the single-dog SCIT group, patients with asthma were significantly older than those without asthma (41.2 <i>vs.</i> 35.2 years old,<i>t</i>=-2.073,<i>P</i>=0.041). In both the single-cat and single-dog SCIT groups, the proportion of allergic rhinitis in the asthma group(91.2%,78.3%) was significantly lower than that in the non-asthma group(97.4%,94.9%) (<i>χ</i>²=8.863,6.158;<i>P</i>=0.008,0.026). In the single-cat SCIT group, non-asthmatic patients were significantly more likely to receive SCIT combined with spring pollen allergens compared to asthmatic patients (23.9% <i>vs.</i> 11.0%, <i>χ</i>²=7.586,<i>P</i>=0.006). <b>Conclusions:</b> The demand for pet allergen SCIT has steadily increased over the years, with a predominance of female patients. Sensitization profiles varied among patients receiving SCIT for different pet allergens. This study comprehensively elucidates the clinical demand and sensitization characteristics of patients undergoing pet allergen SCIT, providing valuable reference data for clinical diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 9","pages":"1407-1413"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Expert recommendations on the development content and functional specifications for the public vaccination service platform].","authors":"Q Zhu, Q L Ma, R L Xie, L J Liu, L Li, L Chen, Y Huang, R H Tan, X R Cai, J F He, W Z Yu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250609-00527","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250609-00527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To satisfy the growing healthcare demands of the public, it is essential to develop a public service platform for vaccination. This initiative aligns with national policies, optimizes resource allocation, innovates service models, enhances service efficiency, and reduces service costs. Drawing on relevant national policies and regulatory requirements, as well as the notable achievements and practical experiences gained through the exploration and innovation of vaccination service models across various regions, this paper proposes expert recommendations. It defines the essential components and functional specifications for public service platforms, focusing on public needs such as electronic vaccination record management, appointment management, the promotion of electronic vaccination certificates, vaccination certificate verification for school enrollment, vaccination site navigation, and science communication and public engagement. The recommendations aim to serve as a reference for the development of vaccination public service platforms nationwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 9","pages":"1448-1453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Interpretation of the Chinese expert consensus on allergen component resolved diagnosis].","authors":"J Y Wang, W T Luo, B Q Sun, G P Li","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20241216-01043","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20241216-01043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, the continuous rise in the prevalence of allergic diseases has posed a significant threat to public health in China. With advancements in molecular biology technologies, allergen component resolved diagnosis (CRD) has gradually become an essential tool for precise diagnosis and personalized treatment. The Allergy Prevention and Control Specialty Committee of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, in collaboration with multidisciplinary experts, has developed the <i>Expert Consensus on Allergen Component Resolved Diagnosis in China</i>. This article provides an in-depth interpretation of the expert consensus, aiming to assist clinicians and researchers in better understanding and utilizing CRD in the diagnosis and management of allergic diseases. It seeks to promote the standardized application and technological advancement of CRD in China, thereby enhancing the diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 9","pages":"1390-1406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Advances in the mechanism and research of epithelial-derived alarmins in driving allergic diseases].","authors":"G G Huang, H Gan, Z Zhu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20241128-00955","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20241128-00955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Allergen-associated proteases, pollutants, viral and fungal pathogens disrupted epithelial barrier integrity and promoted airway epithelial release of alarmins.Epithelial-derived Alarmins include thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin 33 (IL-33), and interleukin 25 (IL-25), which acted on a variety of effector cells such as dendritic cells (DCs), T-lymphocytes, innate lymphocyte cells (ILC2), B-lymphocytes, eosinophils, mast cells, basophils, and macrophages. T-lymphocytes, innate lymphocyte cell type 2 (ILC2), B-lymphocytes, eosinophils, mast cells, basophils and macrophages are the effector cells. By affecting the physiological and biochemical functions of target cells, such as proliferation and differentiation, survival and recruitment, and material metabolism, the alarmins had activated the intrinsic and adaptive immunity, and played a key role in allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and urticaria. A variety of monoclonal antibodies targeting epithelial-derived alarm factors have been developed for the above allergic diseases, and some of these products are already put into clinical use. As epidemiological studies showed that skin allergy closely related to airway allergy, allergic co-morbidities has imposed a heavy economic and psychological burden to patients. In-depth understanding the mechanism of alarmins will help to understand the developing and progression of allergic diseases, and develop more effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for allergic co-morbidities. This article reviews the mechanism and recent research advances of epithelial-derived alarmins in a variety of allergic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 9","pages":"1381-1389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Reflections on the standardized management of vaccination units in the new era of high-quality development of China's immunization program].","authors":"B B Wang, J H Tang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250115-00040","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250115-00040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, the immunization program has entered a new era of high-quality development. Implementing the standardized management of vaccination units is a necessary means to achieve the high-quality development of immunization programs. Although significant achievements have been made in vaccination work in China, there are still many urgent problems to be solved in vaccination work under the new situation, which poses new challenges to standardized management of vaccination units. This paper analyzes the problems faced by the standardized management of vaccination units based on a review of the work content at various stages of management, and discusses strategies and suggestions for the standardized management of vaccination units.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 9","pages":"1439-1442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The role and research progress of vitamin D in skin aging].","authors":"H Bai, M Wang, S S Zhao, Y Yan","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250215-00110","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250215-00110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skin aging is a complex physiological process that is associated with various skin diseases and affects appearance.Vitamin D, a fat-soluble vitamin synthesized after exposure of the skin to ultraviolet B radiation, has been found to regulate skin aging by modulating the physiological functions of skin cells, regulating the immune system, inducing antioxidative responses, inhibiting DNA damage, and promoting its repair. This article elucidates the multi-target mechanism of vitamin D in delaying skin aging, providing a new theoretical foundation for preventive medicine to retard aging and related diseases through nutritional intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 9","pages":"1584-1589"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Improving the coverage rate of human papillomavirus vaccine among adolescent females to contribute to the goal of eliminating cervical cancer in China].","authors":"A Q Xu, W Z Yang, F H Zhao, X H Pang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250630-00610","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250630-00610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>China has long prioritized the prevention and control of cervical cancer. In 2023, the National Health Commission and nine other departments jointly formulated the \"Action Plan for Accelerating the Elimination of Cervical Cancer (2023-2030)\". This article reviews the current global and Chinese progress in eliminating cervical cancer and HPV vaccination efforts. It specifically analyzes the problems and challenges faced in improving the HPV vaccination coverage rate among adolescent females in China. The article articulates the public health value of this improvement in achieving the ultimate goal of eliminating cervical cancer. Furthermore, it proposes targeted technical recommendations, including promptly incorporating HPV vaccination among adolescent females into the National Immunization Plan, formulating and continuously improving vaccination strategies and implementation plans, strengthening science popularization and publicity, and enhancing public opinion monitoring and risk management. These recommendations aim to promote health equity and contribute to the goal of eliminating cervical cancer as soon as possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 ","pages":"1489-1494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144643689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Distribution characteristics and clinical significance of exposed allergens in different age groups].","authors":"R Kong, L M Wang, Y Zhao","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250520-00453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250520-00453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> This study aimed to assess the patch test positivity rate, allergen distribution, and their associations with demographic characteristics and immune indicators in patients with allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective medical record analysis was conducted on 402 patients suspected of ACD (338 females, median age 38 years; 64 males, median age 43 years) seen at Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University between June 2023 and June 2024. Standard patch tests (using 100 haptens from the Chinese baseline series) were administered, and serum total IgE and eosinophil levels were measured. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, <i>t</i>-tests/Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> tests for group comparisons, and Spearman correlation for associations. <b>Results:</b> The overall patch test positivity rate among the 402 patients was 62.69% (252/402), with 85.71% (216/252) showing sensitivity to the top 21 allergens. Predominantly, the affected individuals were females (84.26%, 182/216) aged 19-35 years (36.57%, 79/216). The primary sensitizers were cobalt chloride (22.89%, 92/402) and nickel sulfate (19.90%, 80/402). The highest proportion of severe reactions (+++) was observed with thimerosal (10/16). Males exhibited significantly higher positive risks for carba mix (<i>OR</i>=5.10, <i>P</i>=0.002) and octyl gallate (<i>OR</i>=2.64, <i>P</i>=0.047) compared to females. The age-stratified results revealed that the cobalt chloride positive rate was abnormally increased to 76.72% (50/65) in the 36-50 years age group, a rate significantly higher than those observed in the ≤18 years group (20.00%), the 19-35 years group (21.51%), and the >50 years group (16.13%; all <i>P</i><0.05). In contrast, the >50 years age group exhibited the highest positive rate for nickel sulfate among all age groups at 20.96% (13/62). No significant correlations were found between the number of positive patch tests, reaction intensity (average/maximum), and total IgE (<i>r</i>=-0.075-0.063), absolute and percentage of eosinophils (<i>P</i>>0.05). Clinically, eczema prevalence in the>50 age group was 22.58% (14/62), with ACD complicated by allergic dermatitis being the most common (16.67%, 36/216). <b>Conclusion:</b> Nickel sulfate and cobalt chloride are primary sensitizers for ACD. Sensitization patterns across age groups are similar and unrelated to IgE/EOS levels. The higher incidence of severe reactions to thimerosal may be linked to heightened sensitization to mercury-containing products like vaccine preservatives. The notably increased cobalt chloride positivity in the 36-50 age group suggests a unique exposure risk, while the higher prevalence in females may be associated with contact with nickel/cobalt-containing items such as jewelry and cosmetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 9","pages":"1414-1421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145070309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}