中华预防医学杂志最新文献

{"title":"[Expert consensus on clinical diagnosis, treatment and long-term management of iodinated contrast media hypersensitivity reactions(2026)].","authors":"","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20260529-00488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20260529-00488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To standardize clinical diagnosis, evaluation procedures and long-term management of iodinated contrast media (ICM), this consensus was developed by multidisciplinary experts via the Delphi method based on domestic and international guidelines, consensus statements, practice parameters and relevant literatures, with detailed interpretations of common clinical issues. A total of 32 experts participated. Consensus was defined as >75% of respondents selecting strongly agree or agree. ICM allergy testing is indicated for patients with suspected prior ICM hypersensitivity to facilitate diagnosis and alternative contrast selection; skin testing is not recommended for patients without relevant indications. For patients with a history of ICM hypersensitivity who require re-administration without better alternatives, switching to a different ICM is the most evidence-based strategy to reduce recurrent reactions, combined premedication may be considered for severe prior episodes. Patients with previous severe cutaneous adverse reactions should avoid ICM permanently. This consensus provides recommendations for standardized acute treatment, subsequent assessment and long-term management.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"60 9","pages":"1387-1404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Strategies and practices for promoting digital services in vaccination units].","authors":"Y F Song, S Zhang, L Li, Z N Zhang, L Cao, G M Zhang, J K Ye, K L Li, Y Li, J L Chen, L Zheng, W Z Yu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250917-00906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250917-00906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the number of available vaccines grows and vaccination coverage expands, vaccination units are facing mounting challenges, including a rising service population, high population mobility, and increasingly diverse vaccination needs. This paper systematically defines digital services in vaccination units, analyzes their significance in supporting the national digitalization strategy, improving management efficiency, and optimizing service quality, and outlines the main components of such services. On this basis, we propose implementation recommendations to provide practical strategies for enhancing the quality and efficiency of vaccination services.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"60 9","pages":"1524-1528"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A prospective dual-cohort study on the association between frailty index outcomes and cardiovascular disease onset risk in elderly diabetic populations].","authors":"Y Li, S L Li, A L Jin","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20251016-00994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20251016-00994","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the association between frailty index (FI) transitions and the risk of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in older adults with diabetes. A total of 891 and 827 diabetic participants were enrolled from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), with 439 and 344 incident CVD cases documented during follow-up, respectively. Participants were classified into seven FI transition patterns. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the relationship between FI transitions and CVD incidence, while Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard models were applied to account for competing risks. Fixed-effects models were employed to meta-analyze the results from both cohorts and calculate pooled hazard ratios (<i>HR</i>) with 95% confidence intervals (<i>CI</i>). The two-cohort meta-analysis revealed that, compared with the \"robust➝robust\" group, the \"pre-frail➝frail\" group (<i>HR</i>=2.04, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.66-2.51), the \"frail➝frail\" group (<i>HR</i>=2.03, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.63-2.53), and the \"robust➝pre-frail/frail\" group (<i>HR</i>=1.60, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.32-1.94) had significantly higher risks of incident CVD (all <i>P</i><0.001). In the Fine-Gray competing-risk models treating non-CVD death as the competing event, the pooled meta-analysis yielded corresponding subdistribution <i>HR</i> (s<i>HR</i>) of 1.90 (95%<i>CI</i>: 1.55-2.33), 1.87 (95%<i>CI</i>: 1.50-2.31), and 1.50 (95%<i>CI</i>: 1.23-1.83) for the same three groups, respectively. In conclusion, deterioration to or persistence of frailty is associated with an elevated risk of CVD in older adults with diabetes, and these associations remained robust after competing-risk validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"60 9","pages":"1464-1469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Diagnostic value of multi-parameter combined detection for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection].","authors":"A R Xie, Z H Dong, Z Zhang, H X Wei, H P Xu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250907-00864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250907-00864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of multi-parameter combined testing for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) infection. Clinical data of 857 patients who underwent SFTSV nucleic acid testing at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from June 2024 to September 2025 were retrospectively collected. The results of complete blood count and hepatorenal function were analyzed, and the diagnostic value of the multi-parameter combination for SFTSV infection was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. A total of 106 SFTSV-positive cases were identified with a detection rate of 12.37%. There were statistically significant differences in white blood cell count (2.40×10⁹/L <i>vs.</i> 6.20×10⁹/L, <i>Z</i>=-10.33, <i>P</i><0.001), platelet count (66.00×10⁹/L <i>vs.</i> 105.00×10⁹/L, <i>Z</i>=-6.37, <i>P</i><0.001), alanine aminotransferase (54.50 U/L <i>vs.</i> 29.00 U/L, <i>Z</i>=-6.30, <i>P</i>=0.008), aspartate aminotransferase (95.75 U/L <i>vs.</i> 36.00 U/L, <i>Z</i>=-9.20, <i>P</i><0.001), and creatinine levels (75.15 μmol/L <i>vs.</i> 69.00 μmol/L, <i>Z</i>=-2.05, <i>P</i>=0.038) between the positive group and the negative group. The five-parameter combination of white blood cell count, platelet count, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatinine for the diagnosis of SFTSV infection yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.88 (95%<i>CI</i>: 0.85-0.91; sensitivity: 85.80%; specificity: 80.20%), which was significantly higher than that of each individual indicator (DeLong test, all <i>P</i><0.001). In conclusion, the combined detection of these five laboratory indicators has high diagnostic value for SFTSV infection and can be used for early and rapid clinical screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"60 9","pages":"1470-1473"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Molecular mechanisms and control strategies for the potential transmission of bacterial antibiotic resistance along the food production chain].","authors":"Y Li, Z X Peng, Y N Wu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250917-00902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250917-00902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The transmission potential of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) across the food chain constitutes a severe threat to global public health. Antibiotic overuse and misuse in intensive livestock farming drives the enrichment of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in animal-derived microbial communities, thereby enabling the formation of ARG dissemination networks that cover the entire food system from production to consumption. Molecular epidemiological evidence has validated the food chain as a pivotal bridge for the cross-species transmission of ARGs. Resistant bacteria and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) can cross ecological barriers via occupational exposure and dietary intake, further accelerating the evolutionary development of antibiotic resistance in clinical pathogens. Global surveillance datasets demonstrate that low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) endure higher AMR-attributable mortality, which reflects inherent systemic deficiencies in antibiotic stewardship, healthcare infrastructure, and environmental risk management. While One Health-oriented strategies have advanced AMR mitigation in recent years, persistent environmental resistance reservoirs, transboundary transmission dynamics, and inconsistent global regulatory frameworks remain major bottlenecks for effective containment. Accordingly, establishing a systematic resistome surveillance network that integrates agricultural production, food processing, and end-consumption is urgently required to support multi-sectoral, targeted, and precise AMR control.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"60 9","pages":"1495-1504"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[An interpretation of the new U.S. dietary guidelines and its implications for China's nutrition policy].","authors":"Y Zhao, X G Wang, L Jiang, D Liang, Z M Shi, L Shi, W Peng, L L Liang, Z H Fan, J Xu, Y F Wang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20260412-00323","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20260412-00323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In January 2026, the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Department of Health and Human Services jointly released the \"Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2025-2030\"(hereinafter referred to as the \"new guidelines\"). The core focus of these guidelines has shifted from nutrient limits to overall food quality; they advocate\" enjoying real food,\" take a clear stand against highly processed foods, increase the recommended protein intake, recommend full-fat dairy products, and simplify information dissemination strategies. While these changes have attracted widespread attention, they have also sparked significant controversy, including contradictions between visual presentations and written recommendations, the absence of quantitative limits, and a lack of transparency in the revision process. This article systematically interprets the major changes and scientific rationale behind the new guidelines, analyzes related academic controversies, compares the dietary guidelines of China and the United States, and evaluates their implications for China's nutrition policy from the dual perspectives of their value as a reference and their potential risks, taking into account the dietary structure, metabolic characteristics, and nutritional status of the Chinese population.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"60 ","pages":"1422-1428"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148309701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Research progress on the effect of breastfeeding on the appropriate catch-up growth of premature infants].","authors":"K Xu, X Wang, F B Tao","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20251005-00949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20251005-00949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rapid catch-up growth in preterm infants benefits nervous system development yet elevates the risk of multiple health complications, including obesity, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders. Breastfeeding facilitates physical development and improves multi-system physiological functions in preterm infants, while effectively mitigating the adverse health outcomes caused by excessive catch-up growth. This review systematically summarizes the current patterns of catch-up growth among preterm infants and explores the potential mechanisms by which breastfeeding modulates appropriate catch-up growth in preterm infants from the perspectives of physical growth, neurodevelopment and intestinal flora regulation. The findings of this review provide theoretical references and practical guidance for formulating personalized breastfeeding regimens and implementing targeted breastfeeding interventions for preterm infants. Ultimately, this study aims to improve the survival rate and quality of life of preterm infants and support their scientific, efficient and safe catch-up growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"60 9","pages":"1513-1518"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Discussion on emergency monitoring of water quality in sudden drinking water pollution incidents by disease control and prevention institutions].","authors":"Y Yu, J Fei, J Zhao, Z Ding, H Zheng","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20251024-01019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20251024-01019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The frequent occurrence of drinking water pollution incidents in recent years has imposed higher demands on the emergency water quality monitoring capabilities of disease control and prevention institutions. However, there is currently a lack of systematic and standardized guidance documents in China to coordinate emergency water quality monitoring efforts during sudden water pollution events. Key elements were comprehensively analyzed, including the conditions for initiating and terminating emergency monitoring, the division of monitoring phases, the determination of the monitoring scope, the layout of monitoring points, the selection of indicators, the setting of monitoring frequency, and the choice of monitoring methods. Based on the analytical results, targeted recommendations were proposed and discussed in conjunction with a typical case. The operational essentials and standardized procedures for each component of emergency water quality monitoring were clarified, leading to the formation of a systematic monitoring implementation plan. Its applicability was verified through a practical example. The emergency monitoring framework proposed in this study is of considerable practical significance. This research may provide a scientific basis for standardizing the workflow of emergency water quality monitoring and enhancing the response efficiency of disease control and prevention institutions in dealing with sudden drinking water pollution incidents.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"60 9","pages":"1538-1543"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Exploring all-cause community-acquired pneumonia as an endpoint for adult pneumococcal vaccine clinical research].","authors":"M Lyu, S Bai, J Wu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20251111-01067","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20251111-01067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) represents a major global public health problem, characterized by high morbidity and mortality, particularly among the elderly and patients with chronic diseases. As Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the primary pathogens causing CAP, the development and evaluation of pneumococcal vaccines are of paramount clinical importance. Selecting appropriate endpoints is critical for scientifically assessing a vaccine's protective efficacy in trials. Traditionally, invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) has been widely used as a primary endpoint. However, its low incidence and the consequent requirement for large sample sizes have constrained its application in adult vaccine evaluation. Consequently, all-cause CAP has emerged in recent years as an alternative endpoint that is both broader in scope and more clinically relevant. This paper reviews the scientific rationale, advantages, and challenges of using all-cause CAP as an endpoint in adult pneumococcal vaccine trials. We propose a multi-dimensional framework integrating vaccine efficacy (VE), vaccine-preventable disease incidence (VPDI), and the number needed to vaccinate (NNV). This framework enables differentiated assessments across regions with varying diagnostic capacities, thereby advancing China's vaccine research and evaluation systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"60 9","pages":"1529-1537"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of the global disease burden of cervical cancer in women aged 65 years and older based on the global burden of disease database].","authors":"X H Yuan, Y Chen, Z Y Kuang, L Y Fang, Y Wang, Y Xie, Y H Fang, R X Wang, B L Sui, Y Zhang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20260207-00118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20260207-00118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, this study analyzed the disease burden and attributable risk factors of cervical cancer among women aged 65 years and older globally from 1990 to 2021, and explored its association with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) as well as age-specific distribution characteristics. <b>Methods:</b> This ecological study utilized the GBD database to extract data on the number of incident cases, age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), number of deaths, age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), disability-adjusted life years (DALY), age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR), and risk factor-attributable burden for cervical cancer in women aged ≥65 years from 1990 to 2021. The average annual percent change (AAPC) was calculated using Joinpoint regression analysis. Spearman rank correlation analysis was employed to assess the association between ASIR, ASDR, and SDI. Locally weighted regression (LOESS) was applied to fit smooth curves to illustrate expected trends across different SDI levels. <b>Results:</b> From 1990 to 2021, the ASIR of cervical cancer among older women decreased from 41.23/100 000 (95%<i>UI</i>: 37.71/100 000-44.45/100 000) to 32.43/100 000 (95%<i>UI</i>: 28.61/100 000-35.57/100 000) [AAPC:-0.8(95%<i>CI</i>:-0.9 to -0.6)]. The ASMR declined from 35.45/100 000 (95%<i>UI</i>: 32.24/100 000-38.54/100 000) to 25.20/100 000 (95%<i>UI</i>: 22.23/100 000-27.62/100 000) [AAPC:-1.1(95%<i>CI</i>:-1.2 to -1.0)]. The ASDR decreased from 658.01/100 000 (95%<i>UI</i>: 602.42/100 000-714.72/100 000) to 467.29/100 000 (95%<i>UI</i>: 416.92/100 000-510.34/100 000) [AAPC:-1.1(95%<i>CI</i>:-1.2 to -0.9)]. A negative correlation was observed between cervical cancer burden and SDI globally and across the 21 GBD regions (<i>r</i>=-0.881 4, <i>P</i><0.001), with a greater burden in regions with lower SDI among the 204 countries and territories (<i>r</i>=-0.713 4, <i>P</i><0.001). The number of incident cases, deaths, and DALYs in the 65-69 and 70-74 age groups accounted for 64.82%, 56.22%, and 68.96% of the total for women aged ≥65 years, respectively. The attributable risk burden from smoking [AAPC:-2.1(95%<i>CI</i>:-2.2 to -2.0)] and high-risk sexual behavior [AAPC:-1.1(95%<i>CI</i>:-1.2 to -0.9)] both decreased over time, this declining trend in attributable risk burden for smoking and high-risk sexual behavior was also observed with increasing age. <b>Conclusions:</b> Population aging has contributed to an increase in the absolute burden of cervical cancer among older women, with those aged 65-74 years identified as a key population requiring attention. Expanding the coverage and age range of screening programs is essential for further reducing the the burden of cervical cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"60 9","pages":"1436-1446"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148971550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}