Zoonoses and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Comparing Rabies Antibody Titres in Imported Dogs to a Population of Dogs in Ontario, Canada.","authors":"Catherine R Belanger, Maureen E C Anderson, J Scott Weese, Kelsey L Spence, Katie M Clow","doi":"10.1111/zph.13225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.13225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Vaccinating dogs against rabies virus is essential for protecting animal and public health. Most dogs imported into Canada must have a valid rabies vaccination certificate but do not require serological testing to confirm response to vaccination. The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of dogs with rabies antibody titres below 0.5 IU/mL in a sample of imported dogs with rabies certificates, compared to rabies antibody titres in nonimported dogs in Ontario, Canada.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum was collected from a convenience sample of dogs imported via rescues to Ontario, within a month of arrival and before revaccination with rabies in Canada. Rabies antibody titres were measured using the rapid fluorescent foci inhibition test (RFFIT) at Kansas State University's Rabies Laboratory. Univariable logistic analysis examined demographic, vaccine and country of origin factors associated with achieving a titre of at least 0.5 IU/mL. Rabies antibody titres from nonimported dogs were obtained from the University of Guelph's Animal Health Laboratory records. Dogs tested between 2013 and 2023, using either the RFFIT or fluorescent antibody virus neutralisation (FAVN) test, were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From October 2021 to November 2022, serum was collected from 67 dogs arriving mainly from Egypt (n = 46). In total, 48% (32/67) of these dogs had titres below 0.5 IU/mL, and this included 19 dogs that had no measurable titre. No examined factors were significantly associated with the outcome. Of the 65 nonimported dogs, 14% (9/65) had titres below 0.5 IU/mL.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Rabies titres of many imported dogs were below the international standard for transboundary movement. A high proportion of dogs with unmeasurable antibodies suggests some had not been effectively vaccinated. Veterinarians should be aware of this gap and consider revaccinating imported dogs to protect both animal and public health, and to meet legal requirements of their jurisdiction. Rescues and owners should be informed that documentation does not always guarantee imported dogs have adequately responded to vaccination and to seek veterinary advice.</p>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144049204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Class 1 Integron Structures in High-Risk Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST235 and ST654 From Companion Animals","authors":"Chavin Leelapsawas,&nbsp;Rungtip Chuanchuen,&nbsp;Parinya Sroithongkham,&nbsp;Vincent Perreten,&nbsp;Pattrarat Chanchaithong","doi":"10.1111/zph.13224","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13224","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Carbapenemase-producing <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (CP-<i>Pa</i>) has emerged as a significant clinical and public health concern due to its ability to limit treatment options with last-resort antimicrobials. This study aims to characterise novel class 1 integron (Int1) structures containing <i>bla</i>_VIM-2 and <i>bla</i>_IMP-1 in high-risk CP-<i>Pa</i> sequence type (ST) 235 and ST654 strains from dogs and cats and illustrate the genetic relatedness between CP-<i>Pa</i> strains from animal and human origins.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the four CP-<i>Pa</i> strains, whole-genome sequencing and analysis revealed that three strains belonged to ST235/O11/<i>exoU+</i>/<i>exoS-</i>, with two strains harbouring <i>bla</i>_VIM-2, and one strain harbouring <i>bla</i>_IMP-1. The remaining strain was characterised as ST654/O4/<i>exoU-</i>/<i>exoS+</i> and harboured <i>bla</i>_VIM-2. Core-genome single nucleotide polymorphism-based phylogeny illustrated genetic relationships between animal and human high-risk CP-<i>Pa</i> ST235/O11 and ST654/O4 strains within the same STs. Three novel Int1 gene cassette arrays were identified in the canine and feline CP-<i>Pa</i> strains in this study. The novel ~6.2-kb <i>bla</i>_VIM-2-containing Int1[Pae-CUVET21-397] and Int1[Pae-CUVET23-830] (<i>intI1</i>-<i>aadB</i>-<i>bla</i>_VIM-2-<i>aadB</i>-<i>cmlA6</i>-<i>qacE</i>∆<i>1</i>-<i>folP</i>) formed a complex Int1 located in an integrative and conjugative element of two feline CP-<i>Pa</i> ST235 strains. The canine CP-<i>Pa</i> ST235 strain CUVET20-956 contained a novel ~5.8-kb <i>bla</i>_IMP-1-containing Int1[Pae-CUVET20-956] (<i>intI1</i>-<i>bla</i>_IMP-1-<i>aacA4</i>-<i>aacA4</i>-IS<i>1595</i>-<i>qacE</i>∆<i>1</i>-<i>sul1</i>). The CP-<i>Pa</i> ST654 strain CUVET18-860 contained In<i>1206</i> encoding <i>bla</i>_VIM-2 and a novel ~5.9-kb Int1[Pae-CUVET18-860] (∆<i>intI1</i>-<i>bla</i>_VEB-1-<i>aadB</i>-<i>qnrVC1</i>-<i>aacA4</i>-<i>bla</i>_OXA-10-<i>aadA1</i>-<i>dfrA14</i>) encoding multidrug resistance (MDR). Additionally, In<i>51</i>-containing Tn<i>6162</i> inserted in genomic island 1 was identified in all CP-<i>Pa</i> ST235 strains.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The novel Int1s encoding metallo-β-lactamases and MDR in canine and feline CP-<i>Pa</i> play a crucial role in the development of resistance to multiple antimicrobials and last-resort carbapenems in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> ST235 and ST654 strains of veterinary and public health importance, posing possible zoonotic and anthroponotic transmission of the high-","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 5","pages":"453-464"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher Hepatitis E Seroprevalence in Workers in the Pig Sector in Flanders, Belgium: Results From a Seroprevalence Case-Control Study","authors":"Heidi Janssens,&nbsp;Lies Delameillieure,&nbsp;Stijn Jonckheere,&nbsp;Freya Van Houtte,&nbsp;Philip Meuleman,&nbsp;Tom Geens","doi":"10.1111/zph.13223","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13223","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Autochthonous hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in industrialised countries is a zoonosis. Pigs are recognised as the principal reservoir. Consequently, workers in the pig sector may be a high-risk occupational group for HEV infection. The current study aims to investigate whether workers exposed to pigs or pork have a higher seroprevalence of HEV IgG in comparison to a control group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 92 individuals occupationally exposed to pigs or pork and 217 control subjects outside the pig sector. Socio-demographic variables, information about occupation, and a number of relevant confounding variables (such as eating habits, and history of blood transfusions) were gathered by a questionnaire. Serum samples were tested for anti-HEV IgG antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study revealed a significantly higher seroprevalence of HEV antibodies in pig workers (32.6%) compared to the control group (9.2%) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The relation between occupational exposure and HEV seropositivity remained significant in the multiple logistic regression analysis, in which the odds were adjusted for age, gender, and eating habits.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results from this first HEV IgG serology study in the pig sector in Belgium demonstrate that workers in this sector have a higher risk for HEV infection compared to a population not occupationally exposed to pigs and pork. These findings underscore the need for targeted occupational health interventions, including improved hygiene practices and informing employees with risk profiles, to mitigate the risk of HEV infection among pig workers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 5","pages":"442-452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and Serological Survey of SARS-CoV-2 in Murid Rodents From Central Chile","authors":"Catalina Grisolia,&nbsp;Gabriela Muñoz,&nbsp;Rodrigo Salgado,&nbsp;Cristian Herrera,&nbsp;Victor Neira,&nbsp;André V. Rubio","doi":"10.1111/zph.13222","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13222","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The potential role of rodents as reservoirs for SARS-CoV-2 has gained global attention due to their proximity to humans and their involvement in zoonotic disease transmission. Rodents were sampled from urban, rural and natural areas across the Metropolitan Region of Chile between June 2023 and June 2024. Molecular testing (RT-qPCR) revealed no active infections among the 421 analysed individuals, while serological assays (ELISA) detected SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in 4 of 459 rodents (0.87%). All seropositive rodents were <i>Rattus rattus</i> captured in rural areas. These findings suggest localised exposure to SARS-CoV-2, possibly influenced by environmental or anthropogenic factors. The results align with global studies reporting sporadic rodent exposure to SARS-CoV-2, emphasising the importance of integrating molecular and serological approaches in zoonotic surveillance. Despite the low prevalence observed, the potential role of rodents in viral spillover and recombination events with other coronaviruses underscores the need for continued monitoring. These results contribute to understanding zoonotic dynamics and inform public health strategies in a One Health framework.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 5","pages":"478-484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nematode Infections in Commercially Important Squid Species: Distribution Patterns and Food Safety Issues.","authors":"Monica Caffara, Perla Tedesco, Teresa Pirollo, Ahmed Abdelfadel, Riccardo Forzano, Maria Letizia Fioravanti, Andrea Gustinelli","doi":"10.1111/zph.13221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.13221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cephalopods represent a valuable fishery resource worldwide and play a crucial role in the marine food chain both as predators and prey but also as paratenic hosts for the transmission of Ascaridoids, including zoonotic nematodes of the Anisakidae family. This study aimed to assess the presence, tissue distribution and species composition of zoonotic parasites in four squid species marketed in Italy, coming from four different FAO areas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 238 squid specimens, Illex sp., I. coindetii, I. illecebrosus and Todaropsis eblanae, were caught across four FAO areas and examined using both visual inspection and the UV-press method. The collected larvae were identified by morphological and molecular methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Third stage larvae of nematodes were detected in 22.3% of the squids (18.8% Illexsp., 18.3% I. coindetii, 48.8% I. illecebrosus and 23% Todaropsis eblanae), with Anisakis simplex (s.s), A. pegreffii, Hysterothylacium spp. and Lappetascaris spp. being identified through morphological and molecular analyses. The UV-press method has proved to be significantly more effective than visual inspection. Additionally, the lack of molecular data on Raphidascarididae species, particularly Lappetascarisspp., complicates taxonomic classification, emphasising the need for an integrative taxonomic approach combining morphological and genetic methods.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Given the increasing consumption of raw and undercooked cephalopods, these findings highlight the importance of monitoring zoonotic parasites and improving molecular techniques to enhance food safety regulations and minimise health risks to consumers.</p>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic Study of cox1 Gene in Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Lato Genotypes in Southwestern Iran","authors":"Ali Jamshidi,&nbsp;Mohammad Amin Ghatee,&nbsp;Ali Haniloo,&nbsp;Asghar Fazaeli,&nbsp;Mohamad Sabaghan","doi":"10.1111/zph.13220","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13220","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a serious global health concern. CE is an endemic zoonotic disease in Iran. The substantial genetic diversity of <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> is closely linked to its life cycle, transmission mechanisms and pathogenesis. This study aimed to explore the phylogenetic structure of the genotypes of <i>E. granulosus</i> sensu lato (s.l.) in southwestern Iran (SWI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Seventy-two hydatid cyst samples were collected from various intermediate hosts, including goats, cattle, sheep, camels, buffalo and humans, primarily from the lungs, liver, spleen and heart of livestock slaughtered in local and industrial abattoirs, as well as from patients in several hospitals (Namazi, Golestan, Arvand and Shahid Beheshti) in southwestern Iran (Bushehr, Fars, Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad and Khuzestan provinces).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sequence analysis revealed three genotypes of <i>E. granulosus</i> s.l. in the SWI: G₁ (<i>n</i> = 69, 95.8%), G₃(<i>n</i> = 1, 1.4%) and genotype like G₆/G₇ (<i>n</i> = 2, 2.8%). Twenty-one different haplotypes were identified in this study. According to the phylogenetic tree topology, the <i>cox</i>1 gene sequence similarities can be shown for some G₁ and G₆/G₇ isolates in some vast areas, but these genotypes generally show a heterogeneous population worldwide. High similarity was shown between G₃ isolates from some countries (Spain, Turkey, India and Iran) and different hosts (sheep, human and buffalo).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The presence of the G₆/G₇ genotype in the SWI may be due to the transmission of this genotype from other regions or the role of camel/wild boar and other possible intermediate hosts in the expansion of this genotype in the SWI. The results of the present study can be used in CE control programs, molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic studies in Iran and other countries for future goals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 5","pages":"435-441"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rickettsia spp. and Anaplasmataceae in Ticks From Domestic Animals in Northern Colombia","authors":"Maria Badillo-Viloria,&nbsp;Salim Mattar,&nbsp;Susana Remesar,&nbsp;Steffania de la Rosa-Jaramillo,&nbsp;Ignacio García-Bocanegra,&nbsp;Jorge Miranda,&nbsp;Aránzazu Portillo,&nbsp;Cristina Cervera-Acedo,&nbsp;José Antonio Oteo,&nbsp;David Cano-Terriza","doi":"10.1111/zph.13219","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13219","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tick-borne diseases have a significant impact on public and animal health and represent a considerable financial burden on livestock farming. However, in many regions of Latin America, comprehensive epidemiological data, including species identification, geographical distribution and molecular profiling of ticks and their associated pathogens, remain scarce. The aims of the present study were: 1) to establish the distribution of tick species collected from domestic animals and 2) to molecularly characterise the rickettsial bacteria present in ticks from the department of Atlántico, area Caribe, Colombia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between January 2021 and March 2022, ticks were collected from 216 cattle and 72 sympatric domestic animals (38 dogs, 31 equids and 3 goats) on 28 farms. Specimens were identified and grouped into 297 pools. Molecular detection and characterisation of the pathogens were carried out by targeting the partial <i>gltA</i>, <i>ompA, ompB</i> and 16S rRNA genes of <i>Rickettsia</i> and the partial 23S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes of <i>Anaplasmataceae</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 1541 ticks were collected, and four species belonging to the genera <i>Rhipicephalus</i>, <i>Dermacentor</i> and <i>Amblyomma</i> were identified. A total of 137 out of 288 animals (47.6%) were infested with a mean infection rate of 9.7 ± SD 6.8 ticks per animal. <i>Rickettsia</i> spp. and Anaplasmataceae DNA were detected in 2.7% (MIR: 0.5%) and 15.5% (MIR: 0.3%) of the tick pools, respectively. The obtained sequences showed high nucleotide identity (99%–100%) with sequences of <i>Candidatus</i> Rickettsia colombiensis, <i>Anaplasma marginale</i>, <i>Anaplasma platys</i>, <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> and <i>Ehrlichia minasensis</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our data represent the first description of <i>Dermacentor nitens</i> and <i>Amblyomma patinoi</i> in the Atlantic region of the Colombian Caribbean. Considering the risk that the tick and rickettsial species represent for public and animal health, monitoring and control programmes are necessary to prevent the spread of tick-borne pathogenic bacteria to humans.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 5","pages":"421-434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.13219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Mammals: Lack of Detection in Cattle With Respiratory Tract Infections and Genetic Analysis of Sporadic Spillover Infections in Wild Mammals in Bavaria, Southern Germany, 2022–2023","authors":"Natali Paravinja,&nbsp;Lorena Herrmann,&nbsp;Isabella Dzijan,&nbsp;Monika Rinder,&nbsp;Antonie Neubauer-Juric","doi":"10.1111/zph.13217","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13217","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In 2021, the H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b Avian Influenza Viruses (AIVs) emerged on the American continent. At the same time, a further global spread took place. Infections have been reported in avian species as well as in over 50 mammalian species in 26 countries, and often result in severe disease with notable neurological pathology. Outbreaks in dairy cattle in the United States in 2024 illustrate viral transmission at a non-traditional interface and cross-species transmission. This development raises significant global concern regarding the virus's potential for wider spread. Given that H5N1 infections in birds reached record-high levels in Germany by late 2022, it is important to investigate whether Influenza A Virus (IAV) infections were also occurring in mammals sharing habitats with wild birds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Selected wild and domestic mammal populations were monitored over a two-year period (from January 2022 to December 2023), which coincided with a major infection period in wild birds in Bavaria. Genomes of Highly Pathogenic Avian IAV H5N1 (clade 2.3.4.4b) were detected in red foxes but not in samples from ruminants such as red deer or domestic cattle. Analyses of viral whole genome sequences revealed several mutations associated with mammalian adaptation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results indicate a high frequency of spillover events to red foxes at a time when there was a peak of H5N1 infections in wild birds in Bavaria. Phylogenetic analyses show no specifically close genetic relationship between viruses detected in mammalian predators within a geographic area. While direct fox-to-fox transmission has not yet been reported, the H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b AIVs' ability to spread through non-traditional interfaces and to cross species barriers underlines the importance of continuous IAV surveillance in mammals and possibly including previously unknown host species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 4","pages":"400-419"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Certainty of Evidence and Heterogeneity Dominate in Systematic Review of Antimicrobial Drug Use and Antimicrobial Resistance in Livestock—The Example of Cattle and Salmonella","authors":"Daniel D. Taylor,&nbsp;Jane G. Pouzou,&nbsp;Solenne Costard,&nbsp;Hanna Kiryluk,&nbsp;Francisco J. Zagmutt","doi":"10.1111/zph.13218","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13218","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Predicting the public health impact of policies limiting antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock requires quantifying the link between AMU and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in foodborne pathogens. Using cattle and <i>Salmonella</i> as an example, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) (PROSPERO #CRD42023399764) to elucidate AMU's impact on AMR in bacteria from animals raised both conventionally (CONV) and without AMU (RWA).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using a predefined population (cattle), intervention (AMU), comparison (CONV vs. RWA), and outcome (AMR in <i>Salmonella</i> or commensal <i>Escherichia coli</i>) framework, 36 studies met the inclusion criteria. We estimated pooled odds ratios (POR) describing the association between AMU and <i>Salmonella</i> prevalence, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) resistances and evaluated evidence certainty using a GRADE approach. Predictive intervals (PIs) incorporating heterogeneity (<i>τ</i>²) were calculated along with POR to illustrate the effect of between-study differences on association estimates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Poor evidence certainty was driven by a high risk of bias, imprecise odds ratio estimates, and inconsistency among the included studies. Substantial heterogeneity was observed, and PIs reflected non-significant associations for all AMR outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Given the poor certainty of evidence and between-studies differences, pooled estimates should not be trusted, necessitating a suitable alternative to estimate the effects of AMU reduction on human health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 4","pages":"390-399"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Mycobacterium bovis Exposure but Low IGRA Positivity in UK Farm Workers","authors":"Amy Thomas,&nbsp;Alice Halliday,&nbsp;Genevieve Clapp,&nbsp;Ross Symonds,&nbsp;Noreen Hopewell-Kelly,&nbsp;Carmel McGrath,&nbsp;Lucy Wheeler,&nbsp;Anna Dacey,&nbsp;Nigel Noel,&nbsp;Andrea Turner,&nbsp;Isabel Oliver,&nbsp;James Wood,&nbsp;Ed Moran,&nbsp;Paul Virgo,&nbsp;James Tiller,&nbsp;Paul Upton,&nbsp;Andrew Mitchell,&nbsp;Anu Goenka,&nbsp;Ellen Brooks-Pollock","doi":"10.1111/zph.13214","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13214","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between 1999 and 2021, 505 culture-confirmed cases of <i>M. bovis</i> disease in humans (zoonotic tuberculosis, TB) were diagnosed in England. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of <i>M. bovis</i> infection in persons exposed to TB-infected cattle in England and identify any risk factors associated with latent TB infection (LTBI) in this population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We co-developed a retrospective cohort study in Southwest England, a bovine TB high risk area, with members of the UK farming community. A questionnaire captured participant characteristics, behaviours and farming practices. Linkage with historical herd testing data was used to categorise participants as low, medium or high risk for TB exposure. Interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) positivity with Quantiferon was used to determine LTBI status and linked to questionnaire data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We recruited 90 participants at agricultural shows and a standalone event. Participants were farmers/farm workers (76/90) and veterinary professionals (10/90). Median age was 45.5 years (IQR: 19–77); 63% were male; 67% reported BCG vaccination. <i>M. bovis</i> exposure was via direct contact with infected cattle and consumption of raw milk. One participant in the high-risk group was IGRA positive, all other participants were IGRA negative. Estimated IGRA positivity rate was 1.1% (95% CI 0.058%–7.0%) in all participants and 4.0% (95% CI 0.21%–22%) in participants with high exposure levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found limited LTBI in individuals in contact with TB-infected cattle in England, despite high and prolonged exposure. We identified a high-risk group of farmers who should be prioritised for future engagement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 4","pages":"369-378"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.13214","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}