Zoonoses and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Factors Associated With the Emergence and Spread of Visceral Leishmaniasis in the State of São Paulo, Brazil.","authors":"Vera Lucia Fonseca de Camargo-Neves, Guilherme Loureiro Werneck","doi":"10.1111/zph.70052","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), once considered a rural disease in Brazil, has progressively urbanised, particularly in the state of São Paulo (SSP), where the first urban cases emerged after the detection of the vector Lutzomyia longipalpis in 1997.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study explores the environmental, climatic, socioeconomic, and infrastructural factors associated with the expansion and establishment of VL in urban areas of SSP. For the statistical analysis, two types of models were developed. First, for all municipalities (with or without VL), the logistic regression model was used. Second, for the municipalities in which VL occurred between 1999 and 2012, a multilevel logistic regression model was used, accounting for repeated measurements (VL occurrence or non-occurrence in each municipality) over time. For both models, the associations between exposure variables and the outcome are expressed as odds ratios (OR) and their respective 95% CIs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that the presence of railways, highways, and sugarcane cultivation areas, as well as high annual temperatures and evapotranspiration rates, were associated with VL occurrence. Conversely, lower VL rates were associated with higher rainfall, higher altitude, and more rainy days.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We conclude that unplanned urbanisation, poverty, population mobility, and climate change have facilitated the spread of the disease in São Paulo. The results highlight the need for integrated surveillance and control strategies that consider the socioenvironmental determinants to prevent further expansion of VL to other vulnerable urban areas of São Paulo State and bordering states.</p>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"348-357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13144431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147378748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study (2009-2023): Exploring Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Antibody Time Series in Humans and Swine and Vaccine Coverage in Two Target Groups.","authors":"Solveig Jore, Ragnhild Tønnessen, Carl Andreas Grøntvedt, Kjersti Rydland, Anna Germundsson Hauge, Olav Hungnes, Anja Bråthen Kristoffersen, Even Fossum","doi":"10.1111/zph.70051","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Swine may act as 'epidemiological bridges' and reservoirs for the emergence of novel zoonotic influenza viruses with pandemic potential. While bidirectional exchange of influenza A viruses at the swine-human interface is well recognised, data on the extent of interspecies transmission are limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed the post-seasonal geometric mean titre (GMT) of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 antibodies in humans and the seasonal prevalence of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 antibodies in unvaccinated swine from 2009/2010-2022/2023 per county in Norway to search for evidence of interspecies transmission. We explored correlations at the national and individual county level and investigated possible associations by running a negative binomial regression model. Additionally, we distributed an influenza vaccination questionnaire to veterinarians and farmers working with swine to assess vaccination uptake and calculated total response rates per county and overall.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The time series of H1N1pdm09 antibodies from humans and swine show significant positive correlations both across (0.8 Pearson correlation coefficient) and within certain individual counties, with especially high correlations in Innlandet (0.9), Vestland (0.8) and Rogaland (0.7) Counties. Our regression analysis revealed a significant positive association between the annual GMT of H1N1pdm09 antibodies in humans, the annual seroprevalence of H1N1pdm09 antibodies in swine, and the density of swine farms in counties. Vaccination uptake was 39% and 50% in farmers and veterinarians, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate a temporal relationship between the disease in humans and swine; suggesting spillover, environmental factors facilitating disease spread, and/or indirect relationships driven by unknown factors.</p><p><strong>Impacts: </strong>The time series of H1N1pdm09 antibodies in humans and swine shows significant correlations. Regression analysis links GMT of H1N1pdm09 antibodies in humans to seroprevalence of H1N1pdm09 in swine and density of swine farms. This indicates a temporal relationship possibly due to spillover, shared risk factors or indirect relationships driven by unknown factors. The influenza vaccination survey showed a 39% uptake among farmers and 50% among swine veterinarians.</p>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"336-347"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13144438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147487452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interventions Targeting the Beef Feedlot Environment to Control Antimicrobial Resistance: A Mathematical Modelling Study.","authors":"Wendy Anne Beauvais, Getahun Ejeta Agga, Terrance Arthur, John William Schmidt, Rachel Jennings, Renata Ivanek","doi":"10.1111/zph.70054","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To address concerns about livestock as a source of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and genes, there have been many recent efforts worldwide to study prescribing practices, optimal antibiotic use, and alternatives to antibiotic use. However, there is empirical evidence supporting the persistence of antimicrobial resistance genes at high densities in cattle pens for at least 2 years after cattle were removed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We describe a mathematical modelling framework to predict and explore the dynamics of antimicrobial-resistant enteric bacteria in food-producing animals and their immediate environments. Using the difference equation based compartmental modelling framework, we algebraically derive a formula for the relative rate of growth of antimicrobial-resistant enteric bacteria in the environment (R^AMR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We demonstrate that R^AMR > 1 (i.e., growth) of tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli in feedlot environments can occur under a range of plausible conditions, even in the absence of antimicrobial use in the feedlot cattle. Our model can reproduce data observed under field conditions showing rapid growth of tetracycline-resistant E. coli in the environment despite no antimicrobials being used. Finally, we demonstrate that generic hygiene measures such as scraping pen floors are likely to reduce the density of tetracycline-resistant E. coli in the farm environment considerably, especially in cold climates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Farm environments such as beef cattle feedlots may be conducive to persistence or even growth of antimicrobial resistant bacteria under a wide range of plausible conditions, even in the absence of antimicrobial use. The system may be quite resilient, and even stringent cleaning will likely not be sufficient to eliminate resistant bacteria from the environment in some climates, especially where freeze-thaw cycles are uncommon.</p>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"358-369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13144424/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147654926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Hepatitis E Virus in a Metropolis of Northeastern Brazil: A Population-Based Survey.","authors":"Carolline A Mariz, Cynthia Braga, Wayner V Souza, Carlos F Luna, André Luiz Sá de Oliveira, Elisa de Almeida Neves de Azevedo, Clarice N L de Morais, Maria de Fatima P M Albuquerque, Edmundo Pessoa Lopes","doi":"10.1111/zph.70050","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a leading cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. While traditionally linked to poor sanitation in endemic areas, evidence shows increasing circulation in developed settings. In Brazil, however, population-based data remain limited. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate HEV seroprevalence and identify associated risk factors in the general population of a metropolis in Northeastern Brazil.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum samples from a population-based survey using stratified cluster sampling and multistage selection were tested for anti-HEV (IgG) by ELISA. IgG-positive cases were further tested for IgM. Risk factors were analysed by odds ratio (OR) through bivariate logistic regression, considering p < 0.05 significant. Estimates were weighted by sample design effect using the 'survey' package (v4.1-1). Analyses were performed in Stata 15.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 2,070 samples, 74 were positive for anti-HEV IgG (3.6%; 95% CI: 2.9-4.3), with no IgM reactivity. Seroprevalence by socioeconomic stratum was 3.3% (95% CI: 1.7-5.0) in the high stratum, 3.8% (95% CI: 2.6-4.6) in the intermediate and 3.5% (95% CI: 2.4-4.6) in the deprived stratum. Adults aged 55-65 years had higher odds of previous HEV exposure (adjusted OR = 6.02; 95% CI: 2.59-13.99; p < 0.001) compared to the 5-24 year group. Residents in households with alternative sewage systems showed higher odds of HEV positivity than those with public sewage access (OR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.08-2.31; p = 0.021).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings demonstrate HEV circulation in metropolitan Northeast Brazil. Exposure was primarily associated with older age and precarious sanitary infrastructure, highlighting the need for targeted public health surveillance and improved basic sanitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"326-335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13144426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147378752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots in Providing Brucellosis-Related Health Information: A Multidimensional Quality Assessment.","authors":"Feyza İzci Çetinkaya, Arzu Mirza, Hilal Ekici, Esma Eryılmaz Eren, Zeynep Ture","doi":"10.1111/zph.70059","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>AI-based chatbots are increasingly used in accessing health information. However, there are significant differences in the accuracy, transparency of sources, readability and reliability of the information provided by these systems. In infectious diseases with heterogeneous clinical courses, requiring long-term follow-up and where patient information is critical, such as brucellosis, the quality of digital information sources is of particular importance. This study aims to compare the multidimensional performance of different AI-based chatbots in the delivery of health information related to brucellosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eight chatbots (ChatGPT-4o, Gemini 2.5 Pro, Claude 3.5 Sonnet, Microsoft Copilot, Perplexity AI, Grok-1.5, Mistral Le Chat and DeepSeek) were evaluated using standardized clinical questions. Clinical accuracy, source transparency, readability/patient-friendliness, ethical safety and perceived trust level were analyzed using the QUEST, DISCERN, JAMA criteria, PEMAT-P, Ateşman Readability Index and Trust/Confidence scales. Scores were normalized to create a heat map. Subgroup analyses were also conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant performance differences were found among the chatbots. DeepSeek achieved the highest scores in clinical accuracy, structured information presentation and source transparency. Claude stood out with higher perceived trust in addition to accuracy and transparency. It was observed that readability and perceived trust do not always coincide, and response length alone is not an indicator of quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that AI-based chatbots should not be evaluated in a clinical context using a single 'best practice' approach. For public health-critical diseases such as brucellosis, selective and controlled chatbot integration tailored to the intended use may offer a safer and more effective approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"380-392"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147654774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flea Borne-Rickettsia Surveillance in Nuevo Leon, Mexico: An Unexpected Finding.","authors":"Gisela A León-Espinosa, Adriana E Flores-Suárez, Beatriz Salceda-Sánchez, Sokani Sánchez-Montes, Jesús A Dávila-Barboza, Beatriz López-Monroy","doi":"10.1111/zph.70057","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fleas represent a neglected group of ectoparasites of significant public health importance, due to their active role in transmitting various infectious agents associated with emerging and re-emerging diseases. In Mexico, flea borne-rickettsioses represent a growing public health concern, driven by the widespread presence of arthropod vectors and a vulnerable population, compounded by limited knowledge of pathogen-vector-host interactions. This study aimed to identify flea species parasitising dogs and cats in the state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico and to detect and characterise Rickettsia species present through molecular sequencing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Flea samples were collected from dogs and cats in veterinary clinics and private residences during the period of October-May 2022-2023, across nine municipalities in the state of Nuevo Leon. Samples were identified morphologically and the gltA gene for Rickettsia was amplified and sequenced.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three flea species were identified from dogs and cats: Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouché, 1835), Pulex simulans (Baker, 1895) and Echidnophaga gallinacea (Westwood, 1875). Rickettsia DNA was detected in 29.47% of the total flea pools through amplification of the citrate synthase (gltA) gene. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of Candidatus Rickettsia senegalensis in C. felis felis collected from dogs in Nuevo León, representing the first record in Mexico. Simultaneously, an unexpected finding of Rickettsia rickettsii, the causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), was also identified in the same flea species, marking the first report of this pathogen in fleas worldwide.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings provide for the first time in Mexico, the molecular detection of Ca. R. senegalensis in Ct. felis felis, increases the number of Rickettsia species recorded in the country to 19. Additionally, R. rickettsii DNA was detected in Ct. felis felis. These findings highlight the need for further studies on clarify the epidemiological relevance of fleas-associated Rickettsia and to better understand their role within rickettsial systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"370-379"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147515198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canine Leishmaniasis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2000-2015): Taxonomic Characterisation of Etiological Agents and Geospatial Case Analysis.","authors":"Luciana de Freitas Campos Miranda, Laryssa Fabiano do Rosário Coelho, Samanta Cristina das Chagas Xavier, Artur Augusto Velho Mendes Junior, Renan Nunes Albuquerque, Aline Fagundes da Silva, Andreza Pain Marcelino, Fernanda Nunes Santos, Sandro Antonio Pereira, Rodrigo Caldas Menezes, Armando de Oliveira Schubach","doi":"10.1111/zph.70049","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Canine Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne zoonotic disease caused by several species of protozoa of the genus Leishmania. In the state of Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Leishmania braziliensis is the most prevalent species causing tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) and Leishmania infantum is the main causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Dogs are the main reservoirs of L. infantum and can be infected with other Leishmania species; however, their role as a reservoir for these species is still poorly understood. There are few epidemiological studies characterising Leishmania at the species level in isolates from dogs in the state of RJ and analysing their geospatial distribution.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This work aimed to perform the taxonomic characterisation of Leishmania isolates, obtained from 565 dogs diagnosed between 2000 and 2015 in a reference centre for infectious diseases in RJ, Brazil. Dogs with a positive parasitological diagnosis by in vitro culture of different biological samples (intact skin, skin lesion, bone marrow, spleen, lymph node and others) were included. The characterisation of Leishmania species was carried out using multilocus enzyme electrophoresis technique. The dogs' home addresses were individually georeferenced. Thematic and heat maps were created in the QGIS software with cases and the distribution of characterised species.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The dogs clinically evaluated (n = 236) were classified as asymptomatic (n = 93; 39.4%), oligosymptomatic (n = 92; 39%), or polysymptomatic (n = 51; 21.6%). A total of 518 Leishmania isolates from dogs were characterised by MLEE as L. infantum (n = 456; 88%) and L. braziliensis (n = 62; 12%), which were obtained by cultivating biological samples from different canine sites. Heat maps identified Barra Mansa as an area of intense VL transmission and Rio de Janeiro and Maricá as municipalities with intense TL transmission.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study contributed to the knowledge of the taxonomic characterisation and geospatial distribution of Leishmania species responsible for canine leishmaniasis in the state of RJ, considering the case series from a reference centre for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis in the state of RJ, Brazil.</p>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"314-325"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13144425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147435918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors for Tick-Borne Diseases in Germany: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Carolin Schlupp, Matthias Hans Belau","doi":"10.1111/zph.70060","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) have proliferated in Germany. The two most prevalent TBDs, Lyme-borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis, can present with nonspecific symptoms and lead to serious neurological complications. To date, a review synthesising the risk factors of acquiring a TBD in Germany is missing. Such a review could mitigate infection risk and support early protection. A scoping review was conducted using the databases MEDLINE/PubMed and Web of Science. Studies on the risk of acquiring TBDs through tick bites in Germany, written in German or English, were included in this review. Two authors screened the papers and charted the results collaboratively. Thirty-two studies were included in the review, which highlighted the following factors as being associated with an increased risk of tick bites or TBDs: being 3-9 or 50-79 years old; being male; having a higher education level; working outdoors; not having a migration background; visiting a forest kindergarten; spending more time outdoors; not using protective strategies; owning a pet; spring and summer; high humidity and moderate temperatures; unmodified vegetation; high roe deer density; living in southern Germany; and living rurally. This review identified similar risk factors as reviews from other European, Asian and African countries. The findings of this review can be used to improve public health policy, enhance TBD prevention measures, establish a targeted early warning system and enhance clinicians' knowledge.</p>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":" ","pages":"297-313"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13144437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147634237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salmonella in African Animals and Animal-Derived Foods: A Continent-Wide Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence, Serovar Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance.","authors":"Peter Ofori Appiah, Patience B Tetteh-Quarcoo, Patrick F Ayeh-Kumi, Alex Odoom, Eric S Donkor","doi":"10.1111/zph.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Salmonella remains one of the most important foodborne pathogens globally, yet its burden in African animals and animal-derived food systems has not been comprehensively quantified.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search strategy was implemented following the PRISMA guidelines. Databases such as African Journal Online, Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed were searched from their inception until May 2025. Descriptive statistics and a proportional meta-analysis utilising a random-effects model with a 95% confidence interval were employed in the data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 104 studies comprising 41,320 samples were included. The pooled prevalence of Salmonella across all sources was 16.3% (95% CI: 12.6-19.9; I² = 93.3%). Country-level estimates ranged from 2.5% (95% CI: 1.0-5.0) in Togo to 45.4% (95% CI: 20.0-72.1) in Uganda. Subregional prevalence was highest in Central Africa at 46.5% (95% CI: 25.0-65.2). Poultry and poultry products showed the greatest burden at 18.6% (95% CI: 15.3-21.9), followed by livestock at 15.5% (95% CI: 6.5-24.5) and fish/seafood at 15.5% (95% CI: 7.2-23.9). Internal organs exhibited the highest sample-type prevalence at 24.2% (95% CI: 0.0-53.8), whereas eggs and milk showed lower rates at 7.3% and 3.1%, respectively. Among serotypes, the most prevalent were S. Heidelberg 56.4% (95% CI: 0.40-99.76), S. Infantis 22.4% (95% CI: 3.36-70.48) and S. Newport 20.6% (95% CI: 10.95-35.48). Across 14 antimicrobial classes, resistance was highest for tetracyclines at 57.3% (95% CI: 46.45-67.52), followed by sulfonamides at 49.7% (95% CI: 26.18-73.30), macrolides at 48.2% (95% CI: 22.82-74.51) and β-lactams at 37.5% (95% CI: 29.11-46.75). Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins was 25.3% (95% CI: 17.73-34.74) and to fluoroquinolones 22.1% (95% CI: 12.95-35.12). The pooled prevalence of multidrug-resistant isolates was 43.7% (95% CI: 28.1-59.2).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate that Salmonella contamination and resistance are widespread across African animal-source food systems and show the urgent need for coordinated One Health surveillance, strengthened biosecurity and antimicrobial stewardship across the continent.</p>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Brucellosis in Southeast Iran (2019-2023): Descriptive Epidemiology and Temporal Trends Based on Surveillance Data.","authors":"Hekmatollah Khoubfekr, Zahra Sheikh, Seydamalek Dadkhah, Omid Dehghan, Mohammad Reza Kandehkar Ghahraman, Hamed Amiri, Alireza Bahonar","doi":"10.1111/zph.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Human brucellosis remains a persistent zoonotic and occupational health challenge in endemic regions of the Middle East. Despite long-standing national control efforts, limited region-specific evidence is available from southeastern Iran. This study described the demographic characteristics, exposure patterns, temporal and seasonal trends and spatial distribution of laboratory-confirmed human brucellosis in districts covered by the Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences between 2019 and 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using routine surveillance records of all confirmed brucellosis cases. Demographic, occupational and exposure variables were summaried using descriptive statistics, and associations were assessed using Pearson's χ² test. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to identify factors associated with reported livestock contact. Annual and cumulative incidence rates per 100,000 population were calculated using official district census data, and spatial patterns were examined using GIS-based mapping.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 758 confirmed cases were recorded, with a mean age of 34.7 years. Females (61.3%) and rural residents (86.4%) predominated. Housewives (43.4%) and livestock farmers (33.2%) represented the main occupational groups. Reported exposures included consumption of unpasteuried dairy products (87.2%) and direct animal contact (81.9%). Livestock farming (OR 3.01; 95% CI: 1.74-5.21) and unpasteuried dairy consumption (OR 1.86; 95% CI: 1.13-3.06) were independently associated with livestock contact. Incidence peaked during spring and summer, with an overall declining trend over the study period. Higher cumulative incidence was observed in Sarbaz, Iranshahr and Dalgan districts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Human brucellosis remains endemic in southeastern Iran, disproportionately affecting rural populations engaged in traditional livestock practices. Strengthened One Health interventions including expanded livestock vaccination, community-based food safety education and integrated cross-sectoral surveillance are required to reduce transmission and disease burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}