Zoonoses and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Rickettsia spp. and Anaplasmataceae in Ticks From Domestic Animals in Northern Colombia.","authors":"Maria Badillo-Viloria, Salim Mattar, Susana Remesar, Steffania de la Rosa-Jaramillo, Ignacio García-Bocanegra, Jorge Miranda, Aránzazu Portillo, Cristina Cervera-Acedo, José Antonio Oteo, David Cano-Terriza","doi":"10.1111/zph.13219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.13219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tick-borne diseases have a significant impact on public and animal health and represent a considerable financial burden on livestock farming. However, in many regions of Latin America, comprehensive epidemiological data, including species identification, geographical distribution and molecular profiling of ticks and their associated pathogens, remain scarce. The aims of the present study were: 1) to establish the distribution of tick species collected from domestic animals and 2) to molecularly characterise the rickettsial bacteria present in ticks from the department of Atlántico, area Caribe, Colombia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between January 2021 and March 2022, ticks were collected from 216 cattle and 72 sympatric domestic animals (38 dogs, 31 equids and 3 goats) on 28 farms. Specimens were identified and grouped into 297 pools. Molecular detection and characterisation of the pathogens were carried out by targeting the partial gltA, ompA, ompB and 16S rRNA genes of Rickettsia and the partial 23S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes of Anaplasmataceae.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1541 ticks were collected, and four species belonging to the genera Rhipicephalus, Dermacentor and Amblyomma were identified. A total of 137 out of 288 animals (47.6%) were infested with a mean infection rate of 9.7 ± SD 6.8 ticks per animal. Rickettsia spp. and Anaplasmataceae DNA were detected in 2.7% (MIR: 0.5%) and 15.5% (MIR: 0.3%) of the tick pools, respectively. The obtained sequences showed high nucleotide identity (99%-100%) with sequences of Candidatus Rickettsia colombiensis, Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma platys, Ehrlichia canis and Ehrlichia minasensis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data represent the first description of Dermacentor nitens and Amblyomma patinoi in the Atlantic region of the Colombian Caribbean. Considering the risk that the tick and rickettsial species represent for public and animal health, monitoring and control programmes are necessary to prevent the spread of tick-borne pathogenic bacteria to humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Mammals: Lack of Detection in Cattle With Respiratory Tract Infections and Genetic Analysis of Sporadic Spillover Infections in Wild Mammals in Bavaria, Southern Germany, 2022-2023.","authors":"Natali Paravinja, Lorena Herrmann, Isabella Dzijan, Monika Rinder, Antonie Neubauer-Juric","doi":"10.1111/zph.13217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.13217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 2021, the H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b Avian Influenza Viruses (AIVs) emerged on the American continent. At the same time, a further global spread took place. Infections have been reported in avian species as well as in over 50 mammalian species in 26 countries, and often result in severe disease with notable neurological pathology. Outbreaks in dairy cattle in the United States in 2024 illustrate viral transmission at a non-traditional interface and cross-species transmission. This development raises significant global concern regarding the virus's potential for wider spread. Given that H5N1 infections in birds reached record-high levels in Germany by late 2022, it is important to investigate whether Influenza A Virus (IAV) infections were also occurring in mammals sharing habitats with wild birds.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Selected wild and domestic mammal populations were monitored over a two-year period (from January 2022 to December 2023), which coincided with a major infection period in wild birds in Bavaria. Genomes of Highly Pathogenic Avian IAV H5N1 (clade 2.3.4.4b) were detected in red foxes but not in samples from ruminants such as red deer or domestic cattle. Analyses of viral whole genome sequences revealed several mutations associated with mammalian adaptation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results indicate a high frequency of spillover events to red foxes at a time when there was a peak of H5N1 infections in wild birds in Bavaria. Phylogenetic analyses show no specifically close genetic relationship between viruses detected in mammalian predators within a geographic area. While direct fox-to-fox transmission has not yet been reported, the H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b AIVs' ability to spread through non-traditional interfaces and to cross species barriers underlines the importance of continuous IAV surveillance in mammals and possibly including previously unknown host species.</p>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143606155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Certainty of Evidence and Heterogeneity Dominate in Systematic Review of Antimicrobial Drug Use and Antimicrobial Resistance in Livestock-The Example of Cattle and Salmonella.","authors":"Daniel D Taylor, Jane G Pouzou, Solenne Costard, Hanna Kiryluk, Francisco J Zagmutt","doi":"10.1111/zph.13218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.13218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Predicting the public health impact of policies limiting antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock requires quantifying the link between AMU and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in foodborne pathogens. Using cattle and Salmonella as an example, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) (PROSPERO #CRD42023399764) to elucidate AMU's impact on AMR in bacteria from animals raised both conventionally (CONV) and without AMU (RWA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a predefined population (cattle), intervention (AMU), comparison (CONV vs. RWA), and outcome (AMR in Salmonella or commensal Escherichia coli) framework, 36 studies met the inclusion criteria. We estimated pooled odds ratios (POR) describing the association between AMU and Salmonella prevalence, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) resistances and evaluated evidence certainty using a GRADE approach. Predictive intervals (PIs) incorporating heterogeneity (τ²) were calculated along with POR to illustrate the effect of between-study differences on association estimates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Poor evidence certainty was driven by a high risk of bias, imprecise odds ratio estimates, and inconsistency among the included studies. Substantial heterogeneity was observed, and PIs reflected non-significant associations for all AMR outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Given the poor certainty of evidence and between-studies differences, pooled estimates should not be trusted, necessitating a suitable alternative to estimate the effects of AMU reduction on human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Mycobacterium bovis Exposure but Low IGRA Positivity in UK Farm Workers.","authors":"Amy Thomas, Alice Halliday, Genevieve Clapp, Ross Symonds, Noreen Hopewell-Kelly, Carmel McGrath, Lucy Wheeler, Anna Dacey, Nigel Noel, Andrea Turner, Isabel Oliver, James Wood, Ed Moran, Paul Virgo, James Tiller, Paul Upton, Andrew Mitchell, Anu Goenka, Ellen Brooks-Pollock","doi":"10.1111/zph.13214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.13214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Between 1999 and 2021, 505 culture-confirmed cases of M. bovis disease in humans (zoonotic tuberculosis, TB) were diagnosed in England. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of M. bovis infection in persons exposed to TB-infected cattle in England and identify any risk factors associated with latent TB infection (LTBI) in this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We co-developed a retrospective cohort study in Southwest England, a bovine TB high risk area, with members of the UK farming community. A questionnaire captured participant characteristics, behaviours and farming practices. Linkage with historical herd testing data was used to categorise participants as low, medium or high risk for TB exposure. Interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) positivity with Quantiferon was used to determine LTBI status and linked to questionnaire data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We recruited 90 participants at agricultural shows and a standalone event. Participants were farmers/farm workers (76/90) and veterinary professionals (10/90). Median age was 45.5 years (IQR: 19-77); 63% were male; 67% reported BCG vaccination. M. bovis exposure was via direct contact with infected cattle and consumption of raw milk. One participant in the high-risk group was IGRA positive, all other participants were IGRA negative. Estimated IGRA positivity rate was 1.1% (95% CI 0.058%-7.0%) in all participants and 4.0% (95% CI 0.21%-22%) in participants with high exposure levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found limited LTBI in individuals in contact with TB-infected cattle in England, despite high and prolonged exposure. We identified a high-risk group of farmers who should be prioritised for future engagement.</p>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors for the Contamination of Cattle Carcasses With Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Provincially Licensed Abattoirs in Ontario, Canada, Based on Molecular Surveillance.","authors":"Sarah Adam, David L Pearl, Andrew Papadopoulos","doi":"10.1111/zph.13215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.13215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Reducing the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an important responsibility of provincial abattoirs to ensure safe products are entering the human food chain. Currently, within Ontario, provincial abattoirs are mandated to apply various antimicrobial treatments to cattle carcasses to help decrease pathogen presence post-slaughter. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of contamination of O157 and non-O157 STEC in carcasses from Ontario provincial abattoirs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using mixed logistic regression models, we examined the associations between cattle characteristics, season, monitoring program and abattoir interventions on carcass contamination with E. coli O157:H7, non-O157:H7 STEC and the top six non-O157:H7 STEC of concern to public health (i.e., O26, O45, O103, O111, O121 and O145). Random effects for abattoir and the area in which an abattoir was located were included in these models to adjust for clustering at these levels. The STEC examined was detected through two provincial molecular-based monitoring programs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Samples taken in the summer had significantly greater odds of screening positive for the top six STEC compared to samples taken in the fall and winter months. Similar seasonal effects were observed for E. coli O157:H7, but for only one of the monitoring programs (i.e., seasonal effects were modified by a monitoring program). Carcasses that received dry age treatment had significantly lower odds of screening positive for STEC. Samples collected from veal calf and cow carcasses had significantly greater odds of screening positive for STEC than samples taken from the carcasses of steers or heifers, but not bulls. Most of the variance in carcass contamination was explained at the carcass level.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that additional efforts in risk mitigation should focus on cattle of certain demographic characteristics and higher risk seasons and that additional carcass-level interventions be explored.</p>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review on the Prevalence of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Milk and Milk Products in Europe","authors":"Laura Tomassone,&nbsp;Elisa Martello,&nbsp;Alessandro Mannelli,&nbsp;Aurora Vicentini,&nbsp;Céline M. Gossner,&nbsp;Jo Leonardi-Bee","doi":"10.1111/zph.13216","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13216","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is one of the most significant zoonotic diseases in Europe. It primarily spreads through the bites of infected ticks and, less frequently, through consumption of raw milk and dairy products from viremic domestic ruminants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Assess the prevalence of TBEV or anti-TBEV antibodies in milk and milk products from domestic ruminants in Europe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Systematic literature review adhering to the JBI methodology, and reported following the PRISMA framework.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From the 16 included scientific articles, we extracted 35 data collections (31 on raw milk and 4 on raw milk cheese); studies focused on cow (<i>n</i> = 15), goat (<i>n</i> = 11) and sheep milk (<i>n</i> = 5), goat (<i>n</i> = 3) and cow/goat cheese (<i>n</i> = 1). Fifteen data collections involved individual milk and 16 bulk milk samples. The estimated prevalence of TBEV in individual raw milk and cheese was 6% and 3%, respectively. TBEV prevalence in bulk milk was very heterogeneous, with most values either 0% or 100%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although published research on TBEV transmission to humans through milk and dairy products in the EU countries is limited, our results highlight the potential infection risk for consumers. The variable prevalence reported in the studies may reflect the focal nature of TBEV.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Studies on unpasteurised dairy products from domestic ruminants can be valuable for the detection of TBEV presence in a geographic area, even when human cases are not reported. Thanks to the ease of sample collection, their testing could be adopted in monitoring plans on TBEV.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 3","pages":"248-258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.13216","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143483629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower Bird Evenness and Diversity Are Associated With Higher Usutu Prevalence in Culex pipiens Mosquitoes.","authors":"Victor Rodriguez-Valencia, Marie-Marie Olive, Gilbert Le Goff, Marine Faisse, Christophe Paupy, David Roiz","doi":"10.1111/zph.13213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.13213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The mosquito-transmitted Usutu virus has spread in the last few years, becoming endemic in several areas of Europe, such as in the southern French region of the Camargue. Our aim was to study the relationships between the presence of the viral agent in Culex mosquitoes and the structure of bird communities in the context of the dilution effect.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We carried out mosquito and bird censuses in several selected localities across a land-use gradient and screened mosquito pools for flaviviruses. We focused on exploring how host bird diversity, richness, abundance and evenness were associated with Usutu detection in Cx. pipiens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Usutu virus was detected in seven pools of Cx. pipiens, and phylogenetic analysis identified Usutu lineage Africa 3, confirming its circulation. The probability of detection in mosquitoes is associated with areas with lower bird evenness and diversity but higher bird abundance and richness and higher Cx. pipiens abundances.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bird evenness was the variable with the greatest explanatory power, being negatively related to the probability of detecting Usutu in Cx. pipiens, supporting a dilution effect. These results will help us better understand the relationships between bird community structure and the risk of Usutu mosquito-borne disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Effect of a Changing Climate on the Re-Emergence of Mosquito-Borne Diseases in Vulnerable Small Island Nations: A Systematic Review","authors":"Mohabeer Teeluck,&nbsp;Oyelola Adegboye,&nbsp;Stephan Karl,&nbsp;Diana P. Iyaloo,&nbsp;Emma McBryde","doi":"10.1111/zph.13212","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13212","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Drastic changes in meteorological variables due to climate change will likely have an implication on the proliferation of vectors such as mosquitoes. Extreme weather events may therefore promote the emergence/re-emergence of mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) and potentiate the risk of endemicity, particularly, in small island nations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic review was chosen to methodically ascertain the knowledge gaps that exist in determining the influence of the changing climate on MBDs in small islands with vulnerable public health systems. This review was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Following extraction of 600 articles from the databases, 16 studies were determined to meet the selection criteria. The majority of these research papers were from Sri Lanka (<i>n</i> = 9) while the remaining articles were distributed between islands in the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean. Several of these studies used regression modelling techniques to discuss the effect of multiple meteorological variables on the incidence of MBDs. A positive relationship was observed between temperature and the relative risk of MBDs in 72% of the papers. Rainfall enhanced dengue transmission in 84% of the studies included. All the articles discussing the effect of humidity illustrated a similar trend while wind speed was the only climatic variable demonstrating a negative relationship with MBDs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Considering the intricate nature of the non-linear exposure–response link is crucial when estimating the lagged effect of the changing climate on MBDs transmission. Other challenges associated with bias and confounders in the selected studies as well as meteorological data accessibility, were highlighted. Therefore, it was not possible to conclusively establish that the changing climatic variables do influence the spread of MBDs which accentuated the need for conducting further studies to illustrate the effect of changing weather variables on the incidence of MBDs, with an emphasis on vulnerable small island nations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 3","pages":"223-247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.13212","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Zoonotic Infections Transmitted by Free-Ranging Macaques in Human-Monkey Conflict Areas in Thailand.","authors":"Sarin Suwanpakdee, Benjaporn Bhusri, Aeknarin Saechin, Chalisa Mongkolphan, Siriporn Tangsudjai, Parut Suksai, Supakarn Kaewchot, Rattana Sariwongchan, Piya Sereerak, Ladawan Sariya","doi":"10.1111/zph.13211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.13211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nonhuman primates (NHPs) can transmit zoonotic diseases to humans because of their close genetic relationship, facilitating the cross-species transmission of certain pathogens. In Thailand, Macaca is the most common NHP genus and their inhabits area are in close proximity of human, particularly in urban and suburban areas, where frequent interactions with humans increase the risk of pathogen transmission. The risk is influenced by factors such as the type of pathogen, the mode of transmission (e.g. direct contact or vector-borne), and the density of human and macaque populations in the regions. This study aims to investigate potential zoonotic infections in free-ranging macaques residing in human-monkey conflict areas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From 2014 to 2023, 2703 macaques across 29 provinces in Thailand were tested for 18 pathogens using PCR, RT-PCR, or real-time PCR. The associations between disease occurrence, demographic variables, and sample types of macaques were analysed using univariable and multivariable regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall pathogen infection percentage was 35.7% (965/2703). Simian foamy virus (SFV) had the highest infection percentage at 52.5% (759/1446), followed by Herpesviridae at 41.4% (353/852), Plasmodium spp. at 1.8% (14/758), and hepatitis B virus at 0.1% (2/1403). Significant differences were observed among different sampling sites, macaque age groups, and species in infection proportion of SFV, and Herpesviridae.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Identifying the pathogens carried by macaques is crucial for preparing for potential disease epidemics and outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Epidemiologic Review of Capnocytophaga Spp. Infections Identified at a Public Health Reference Laboratory—California, 2005–2021","authors":"Rebecca A. Campagna,&nbsp;Emily A. Kelly,&nbsp;Duc J. Vugia,&nbsp;Hillary F. Berman Watson,&nbsp;Christina S. Browne,&nbsp;Joseph K. Lau,&nbsp;Curtis L. Fritz","doi":"10.1111/zph.13209","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13209","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 <i>Capnocytophaga</i> is a genus of bacteria that are commensal to the oral microbiome of humans and some animals. Some <i>Capnocytophaga</i> species are found in the human oral cavity and rarely cause disease in people; the species found in animals are zoönotic and can be transmitted to people via saliva. This study describes the clinical and epidemiologic features of patients from whom <i>Capnocytophaga</i> spp. were isolated from blood and other clinical specimens at the California state Microbial Diseases Laboratory.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinical information was obtained from laboratory submission forms and any accompanying medical records and/or from matching records in statewide hospital discharge and emergency department databases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the 17-year study period (2005–2021), <i>Capnocytophaga</i> spp. were isolated in 48 specimens from 47 patients. \u0000 <i>Capnocytophaga canimorsus</i>\u0000 , which is a zoönotic species, represented 85% of the <i>Capnocytophaga</i> spp. identified to the species level. The median age was 67 years (range: 30–88 years) for the 42 patients infected with a zoönotic species of <i>Capnocytophaga</i> and 36 years (range: 12–65 years) for the four patients infected with a non-zoönotic species. Twenty-five (60%) patients with zoönotic species infections were male, compared to two (50%) patients with non-zoönotic species infections. <i>Capnocytophaga</i> spp. were most frequently isolated from blood (88%), and the most common case presentation was sepsis (45%). A dog or cat bite prior to diagnosis was reported for 14% of patients infected with a zoönotic species of <i>Capnocytophaga</i>. Records for 45% of patients indicated at least one pre-existing health condition associated with depressed immune function.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study documented that <i>Capnocytophaga</i> spp. can cause rare, severe, invasive disease in mostly older or immunocompromised persons, often without documentation of a dog or cat bite. Providers are encouraged to consider <i>Capnocytophaga</i> spp. infection in immunocompromised pet owners presenting with sepsis, even in the absence of a known animal bite.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 3","pages":"330-336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143012904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}