{"title":"西班牙马略卡岛学龄前中心附近的神经血管线虫病感染风险：一项试点微观流行病学研究。","authors":"Sebastià Jaume-Ramis, Phoebe Rivory, Irene Serra Velázquez, Jan Šlapeta, Claudia Paredes-Esquivel","doi":"10.1111/zph.13228","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Introduction</h3>\n \n <p>Neuroangiostrongyliasis, caused by \n <i>Angiostrongylus cantonensis</i>\n , is a globally emerging zoonosis, with Spain being the only endemic country in Europe. Human infection occurs through ingestion of gastropods or paratenic hosts carrying third-stage larvae, often leading to eosinophilic meningoencephalitis. Alternative routes such as the ingestion of gastropod mucus or contaminated water have been proposed as potential routes of infection. Young children, particularly those under 5 years old, are at higher risk of neurological complications. This study aimed to assess the risk of neuroangiostrongyliasis transmission in preschool children at an endemic site in Mallorca through a micro-epidemiological approach.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>Gastropods from an area where an infected rat was detected were identified and screened for \n <i>A. cantonensis</i>\n , with parasitic loads quantified via qPCR. Positive samples were digested to confirm the presence of L3. The distribution of infected gastropods was mapped and analysed for spatial clustering. Teacher surveys were conducted to assess exposure risks within the school.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>Overall prevalence in gastropods was 7.38%, with only slugs testing positive, showing a higher prevalence (28.2%). <i>Milax nigricans</i>, \n <i>Deroceras reticulatum</i>\n and \n <i>D. panormitanum</i>\n were confirmed as intermediate hosts, with <i>D</i>. <i>panormitanum</i> representing a new global host record. L3 larvae were observed in the three slug species. Larval loads ranged from 1 to 20,000 L3s. Infected slugs exhibited a clustered distribution near the positive rat location. Despite the limited epidemiological surveillance, teacher surveys revealed that children place gastropods in their mouths during outdoor activities.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\n \n <p>Multiple risk factors for neuroangiostrongyliasis were identified in an endemic area of Mallorca. Enhanced surveillance, improved diagnostics, treatment protocols and public health interventions are needed to prevent paediatric infections in Spain.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 6","pages":"515-522"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.13228","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Neuroangiostrongyliasis Infection Risk Near Preschool Centres in Mallorca, Spain: A Pilot Micro-Epidemiological Study\",\"authors\":\"Sebastià Jaume-Ramis, Phoebe Rivory, Irene Serra Velázquez, Jan Šlapeta, Claudia Paredes-Esquivel\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/zph.13228\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Introduction</h3>\\n \\n <p>Neuroangiostrongyliasis, caused by \\n <i>Angiostrongylus cantonensis</i>\\n , is a globally emerging zoonosis, with Spain being the only endemic country in Europe. Human infection occurs through ingestion of gastropods or paratenic hosts carrying third-stage larvae, often leading to eosinophilic meningoencephalitis. Alternative routes such as the ingestion of gastropod mucus or contaminated water have been proposed as potential routes of infection. Young children, particularly those under 5 years old, are at higher risk of neurological complications. This study aimed to assess the risk of neuroangiostrongyliasis transmission in preschool children at an endemic site in Mallorca through a micro-epidemiological approach.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Methods</h3>\\n \\n <p>Gastropods from an area where an infected rat was detected were identified and screened for \\n <i>A. cantonensis</i>\\n , with parasitic loads quantified via qPCR. Positive samples were digested to confirm the presence of L3. The distribution of infected gastropods was mapped and analysed for spatial clustering. Teacher surveys were conducted to assess exposure risks within the school.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Results</h3>\\n \\n <p>Overall prevalence in gastropods was 7.38%, with only slugs testing positive, showing a higher prevalence (28.2%). <i>Milax nigricans</i>, \\n <i>Deroceras reticulatum</i>\\n and \\n <i>D. panormitanum</i>\\n were confirmed as intermediate hosts, with <i>D</i>. <i>panormitanum</i> representing a new global host record. L3 larvae were observed in the three slug species. Larval loads ranged from 1 to 20,000 L3s. Infected slugs exhibited a clustered distribution near the positive rat location. Despite the limited epidemiological surveillance, teacher surveys revealed that children place gastropods in their mouths during outdoor activities.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\\n \\n <p>Multiple risk factors for neuroangiostrongyliasis were identified in an endemic area of Mallorca. Enhanced surveillance, improved diagnostics, treatment protocols and public health interventions are needed to prevent paediatric infections in Spain.</p>\\n </section>\\n </div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":24025,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Zoonoses and Public Health\",\"volume\":\"72 6\",\"pages\":\"515-522\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-02\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.13228\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Zoonoses and Public Health\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/zph.13228\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"INFECTIOUS DISEASES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Zoonoses and Public Health","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/zph.13228","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"INFECTIOUS DISEASES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Neuroangiostrongyliasis Infection Risk Near Preschool Centres in Mallorca, Spain: A Pilot Micro-Epidemiological Study
Introduction
Neuroangiostrongyliasis, caused by
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
, is a globally emerging zoonosis, with Spain being the only endemic country in Europe. Human infection occurs through ingestion of gastropods or paratenic hosts carrying third-stage larvae, often leading to eosinophilic meningoencephalitis. Alternative routes such as the ingestion of gastropod mucus or contaminated water have been proposed as potential routes of infection. Young children, particularly those under 5 years old, are at higher risk of neurological complications. This study aimed to assess the risk of neuroangiostrongyliasis transmission in preschool children at an endemic site in Mallorca through a micro-epidemiological approach.
Methods
Gastropods from an area where an infected rat was detected were identified and screened for
A. cantonensis
, with parasitic loads quantified via qPCR. Positive samples were digested to confirm the presence of L3. The distribution of infected gastropods was mapped and analysed for spatial clustering. Teacher surveys were conducted to assess exposure risks within the school.
Results
Overall prevalence in gastropods was 7.38%, with only slugs testing positive, showing a higher prevalence (28.2%). Milax nigricans,
Deroceras reticulatum
and
D. panormitanum
were confirmed as intermediate hosts, with D. panormitanum representing a new global host record. L3 larvae were observed in the three slug species. Larval loads ranged from 1 to 20,000 L3s. Infected slugs exhibited a clustered distribution near the positive rat location. Despite the limited epidemiological surveillance, teacher surveys revealed that children place gastropods in their mouths during outdoor activities.
Conclusions
Multiple risk factors for neuroangiostrongyliasis were identified in an endemic area of Mallorca. Enhanced surveillance, improved diagnostics, treatment protocols and public health interventions are needed to prevent paediatric infections in Spain.
期刊介绍：
Zoonoses and Public Health brings together veterinary and human health researchers and policy-makers by providing a venue for publishing integrated and global approaches to zoonoses and public health. The Editors will consider papers that focus on timely collaborative and multi-disciplinary research in zoonoses and public health. This journal provides rapid publication of original papers, reviews, and potential discussion papers embracing this collaborative spirit. Papers should advance the scientific knowledge of the sources, transmission, prevention and control of zoonoses and be authored by scientists with expertise in areas such as microbiology, virology, parasitology and epidemiology. Articles that incorporate recent data into new methods, applications, or approaches (e.g. statistical modeling) which enhance public health are strongly encouraged.
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