Zoonoses and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Spatial epidemiology of human anthrax in Son La province, Vietnam, 2003–2022","authors":"Tan Luong,&nbsp;Tien Dung Nguyen,&nbsp;Van Truong Lu,&nbsp;Morgan C. Metrailer,&nbsp;Van Khang Pham,&nbsp;Thi Thu Ha Hoang,&nbsp;Thi Mai Hung Tran,&nbsp;Thanh Hai Pham,&nbsp;Thanh Long Pham,&nbsp;Quang Thai Pham,&nbsp;Jason K. Blackburn","doi":"10.1111/zph.13112","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13112","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Anthrax is reported with frequency but poorly understood in Southeast Asian countries including Vietnam. In Vietnam, anthrax surveillance is national. However, case detection, prevention, and control are implemented locally at the provincial level. Here, we describe the epidemiological characteristics, identify spatial clusters of human anthrax, and compare the variation in livestock anthrax vaccine coverage to disease incidence in humans and livestock using historical data in Son La province, Vietnam (2003–2020).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most human cases occurred between April and September. Most of the patients were male, aged 15–54 years old. The human cases were mainly reported by public district hospitals. There was a delay between disease onset and hospitalization of ~5 days. We identified spatial clusters of high–high incidence communes in the northern communes of the province using the local Moran's <i>I</i> statistic. The vaccine coverage sharply decreased across the study period. The province reported sporadic human anthrax outbreaks, while animal cases were only reported in 2005 and 2022.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results suggest underreporting for human and livestock anthrax in the province. Intersectoral information sharing is needed to aid livestock vaccination planning, which currently relies on reported livestock cases. The spatial clusters identify areas for targeted surveillance and livestock vaccination, while the seasonal case data suggest prioritizing vaccination campaigns for February or early March ahead of the April peak. A regional approach for studying the role of livestock trading between Son La and neighbouring provinces in anthrax occurrence is recommended.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 4","pages":"392-401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.13112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139571013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influenza A virus antibodies in dogs, hunting dogs, and backyard pigs in Campeche, Mexico","authors":"Brenda Aline Maya-Badillo,&nbsp;Guillermo Orta-Pineda,&nbsp;Diego Zavala-Vasco,&nbsp;Karen Elizabeth Rivera-Rosas,&nbsp;Adrián Uribe-Jacinto,&nbsp;René Segura-Velásquez,&nbsp;Gerardo Suzán,&nbsp;José Iván Sánchez-Betancourt","doi":"10.1111/zph.13110","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13110","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to identify exposure to human, swine, and avian influenza A virus subtypes in rural companion and hunting dogs, backyard pigs, and feral pigs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study took place in a region of southeastern Mexico where the sampled individuals were part of backyard production systems in which different domestic and wild species coexist and interact with humans. We collected blood samples from pigs and dogs at each of the sites. We used a nucleoprotein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine the exposure of individuals to influenza A virus. Haemagglutination inhibition was performed on the positive samples to determine the subtypes to which they were exposed. For data analysis, a binomial logistic regression model was generated to determine the predictor variables for the seropositivity of the individuals in the study. We identified 11 positive individuals: three backyard pigs, four companion dogs, and four hunting dogs. The pigs tested positive for H1N1 and H1N2. The dogs were positive for H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2. The model showed that dogs in contact with backyard chickens are more likely to be seropositive for influenza A viruses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We demonstrated the essential role hunting dogs could play as intermediate hosts and potential mixing vessel hosts when exposed to human and swine-origin viral subtypes. These results are relevant because these dogs interact with domestic hosts and humans in backyard systems, which are risk scenarios in the transmission of influenza A viruses. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to implement epidemiological surveillance of influenza A viruses in backyard animals, particularly in key animals in the transmission of these viruses, such as dogs and pigs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 3","pages":"294-303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139404625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving occupational health surveillance for enteric infections","authors":"Alice E. White,&nbsp;Rachel H. Jervis,&nbsp;Elisha Wilson,&nbsp;Elaine Scallan Walter","doi":"10.1111/zph.13111","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13111","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Enteric pathogens with a livestock reservoir pose a unique risk to people in occupations with regular contact with animals. However, public health surveillance of occupational exposures is inadequate, with surveillance for occupation typically focusing on the risk of transmission and the need for worker exclusion, rather than workplace exposures. To improve surveillance for occupational zoonoses, the Colorado Integrated Food Safety Center of Excellence convened a group of subject matter experts who developed a set of variables on occupation, industry, and exposures, which were integrated into Colorado's surveillance system in 2017. We evaluated the quality and completeness of these new occupational fields for interviewed cases with laboratory-confirmed zoonotic infections and compared occupations to cases with a non-zoonotic infection (<i>Shigella</i>) and to employment data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From March 2017 through December 2019, 3668 domestically acquired, laboratory-confirmed sporadic infections of <i>Campylobacter</i>, <i>Cryptosporidium</i>, Shiga toxin-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and non-typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> among individuals ≥14 years of age were interviewed by public health. We found asking explicitly about occupational exposure risks and focusing on animal exposures, improved data quality and accuracy. Of the cases who stated that they were employed, 262 (13%) reported working in an occupation with regular animal exposure, and 254 (14%) reported an industry with regular animal exposure. Cases with an animal exposure occupation were more likely to be male and live in a rural or frontier county compared to other occupations. All occupations with regular animal contact were reported at a higher frequency than among <i>Shigella</i> cases or the general population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Public health efforts, both in occupational health and communicable disease sectors, should be made to improve surveillance for enteric zoonoses and identify opportunities for prevention strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 4","pages":"381-391"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139404624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intention to vaccinate for Lyme disease using the Health Belief Model","authors":"James H. Stark,&nbsp;Brandon McFadden,&nbsp;Niyati Patel,&nbsp;Patrick H. Kelly,&nbsp;L. Hannah Gould,&nbsp;Jason Riis","doi":"10.1111/zph.13107","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13107","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lyme disease (LD) cases in the United States are estimated to be approaching 500,000 annually. Protective measures, such as repellent use and wearing protective clothing are recommended by public health officials. However, no protective measure has been proven to be consistently effective, partly because they require consistent and persistent behaviour change. While safe and effective vaccines are in development, it is unclear what factors influence the intention to vaccinate against LD.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study uses the Health Belief Model (HBM) framework to determine key drivers associated with vaccine intention. The HBM is widely applied in public health research and uses the following constructs: perceived susceptibility and severity of disease, perceived benefits and barriers to disease prevention, and cues to action for disease prevention to predict health behaviours. To date, the HBM framework has not been applied to vaccination intention for LD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were collected from 874 adults and 834 caregivers of children residing in US states endemic to LD. Sampling adults and caregivers allows us to explore how the intention to vaccinate differs among those at-risk. Estimates from structural equation modelling (SEM) show that the HBM constructs explain much of the variation in intention to vaccinate against LD. Both adult and caregiver intentions to vaccinate are positively influenced by cues to action, perceived susceptibility of LD, and perceived benefits to vaccination. However, there is variation in the influence of constructs across the samples. Caregiver's intention to vaccinate is positively influenced by the perceived severity of LD and negatively influenced by safety concerns about the vaccine, whereas adult intention is negatively influenced by perceived barriers to vaccination.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A strong relationship of cues to action on vaccine intention in samples of adults and caregivers suggests the importance of a recommendation from a healthcare provider or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 4","pages":"349-358"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.13107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139098820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bayesian evaluation of meat juice ELISA for detecting Salmonella in slaughtered pigs without specifying a cut-off","authors":"Mark Arnold,&nbsp;Richard Piers Smith,&nbsp;Francesca Martelli,&nbsp;Robert Davies","doi":"10.1111/zph.13109","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13109","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Consumption of pork and pork products is a major source of human infection with <i>Salmonella</i>. <i>Salmonella</i> is typically subclinical in pigs, making it difficult to identify infected pigs. Therefore, effective surveillance of <i>Salmonella</i> in pigs critically relies on good knowledge on how well the diagnostic tests used perform. A test that has been used in several countries for <i>Salmonella</i> monitoring is serological testing of meat juice using an ELISA (MJ ELISA) to detect antibodies against <i>Salmonella</i>. This MJ ELISA data could be used to estimate infection prevalence and trends. However, as the MJ ELISA output is a sample-to-positive (S/P) ratio, which is a continuous outcome rather than a binary (positive/negative) result, the interpretation of this data depends upon a chosen cut-off.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To apply Bayesian latent class models (BLCMs) to estimate diagnostic accuracy of the MJ ELISA test values in the absence of a gold standard without needing to apply a cut-off.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>BLCMs were fitted to data from a UK abattoir survey carried out in 2006 in order to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of MJ ELISA with respect to the prevalence of active <i>Salmonella</i> infection. This survey consisted of a MJ ELISA applied in parallel with the bacteriological testing of caecal contents, carcass swabs and lymph nodes (<i>n</i> = 625). A BLCM was also fitted to the same data but with dichotomisation of the MJ ELISA results, in order to compare with the model using continuous outcomes. Estimates were obtained for sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA over a range of S/P values and for the bacteriological tests and were found to be similar between the models using continuous and dichotomous ELISA outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Bayesian method without specifying a cut-off does allow prevalence to be inferred without specifying a cut-off for the ELISA. The study results will be useful for estimating infection prevalence from serological surveillance data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 4","pages":"369-380"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139098819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serotype and anti-microbial resistance trends among bovine Salmonella isolates from samples submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in central New York, 2007–2021","authors":"Maya J. Craig,&nbsp;Kevin J. Cummings,&nbsp;Melissa S. Aprea,&nbsp;Rebecca J. Franklin-Guild,&nbsp;Craig Altier","doi":"10.1111/zph.13108","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13108","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Salmonella enterica</i> is a leading cause of acute enteritis in people, and dairy cattle are an important reservoir of this pathogen. The objective of this study was to analyse serotype and anti-microbial resistance trends of <i>Salmonella</i> isolated from dairy cattle in the United States between 2007 and 2021.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We collected data for bovine <i>Salmonella</i> isolates obtained from samples submitted to Cornell University's Animal Health Diagnostic Center (AHDC). We analysed 5114 isolates for serotype trends, and a subset of 2521 isolates tested for anti-microbial susceptibility were analysed for resistance trends. The most frequently identified serotypes were <i>Salmonella</i> Cerro, Dublin, Typhimurium, Montevideo, 4,[5],12:i:-, and Newport. Among these serotypes, a Cochran–Armitage trend test determined there was a significant increase in the proportion of isolates serotyped as <i>Salmonella</i> Dublin (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) and Montevideo (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) over time. There was a significant decrease in the proportion of isolates serotyped as <i>Salmonella</i> Cerro (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), Typhimurium (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), and Newport (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). For the anti-microbial resistance (AMR) analysis, we found an overall increase in the proportion of multi-drug-resistant isolates over time (<i>p</i> = 0.009). There was a significant increase in the proportion of isolates resistant to ampicillin (<i>p</i> = 0.007), florfenicol (<i>p</i> = 0.0002), and ceftiofur (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) and a marginal increase in resistance to enrofloxacin (<i>p</i> = 0.05). There was a significant decrease in the proportion of isolates resistant to spectinomycin (<i>p</i> = 0.0002), trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (<i>p</i> = 0.01), sulphadimethoxine (<i>p</i> = 0.003), neomycin (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), and gentamicin (<i>p</i> = 0.0002).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results provide evidence of an increase in resistance to key anti-microbial agents, although the observed trends were driven by the sharp increase in the proportion of <i>Salmonella</i> Dublin isolates over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 4","pages":"359-368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139066124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of influenza A viruses in exhibition swine and transmission to humans, 2013–2015","authors":"Christine M. Szablewski,&nbsp;Dillon S. McBride,&nbsp;Susan C. Trock,&nbsp;Gregory G. Habing,&nbsp;Armando E. Hoet,&nbsp;Sarah W. Nelson,&nbsp;Jacqueline M. Nolting,&nbsp;Andrew S. Bowman","doi":"10.1111/zph.13104","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13104","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Swine are a mixing vessel for the emergence of novel reassortant influenza A viruses (IAV). Interspecies transmission of swine-origin IAV poses a public health and pandemic risk. In the United States, the majority of zoonotic IAV transmission events have occurred in association with swine exposure at agricultural fairs. Accordingly, this human-animal interface necessitates mitigation strategies informed by understanding of interspecies transmission mechanisms in exhibition swine. Likewise, the diversity of IAV in swine can be a source for novel reassortant or mutated viruses that pose a risk to both swine and human health.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In an effort to better understand those risks, here we investigated the epidemiology of IAV in exhibition swine and subsequent transmission to humans by performing phylogenetic analyses using full genome sequences from 272 IAV isolates collected from exhibition swine and 23 A(H3N2)v viruses from human hosts during 2013–2015. Sixty-seven fairs (24.2%) had at least one pig test positive for IAV with an overall estimated prevalence of 8.9% (95% CI: 8.3–9.6, Clopper-Pearson). Of the 19 genotypes found in swine, 5 were also identified in humans. There was a positive correlation between the number of human cases of a genotype and its prevalence in exhibition swine. Additionally, we demonstrated that A(H3N2)v viruses clustered tightly with exhibition swine viruses that were prevalent in the same year.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These data indicate that multiple genotypes of swine-lineage IAV have infected humans, and highly prevalent IAV genotypes in exhibition swine during a given year are also the strains detected most frequently in human cases of variant IAV. Continued surveillance and rapid characterization of IAVs in exhibition swine can facilitate timely phenotypic evaluation and matching of candidate vaccine strains to those viruses present at the human-animal interface which are most likely to spillover into humans.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 3","pages":"281-293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.13104","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138809952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential for emergence of Japanese encephalitis in the European Union","authors":"Céline M. Gossner,&nbsp;Sofie Dhollander,&nbsp;Lance D. Presser,&nbsp;Oliver Briet,&nbsp;Tamas Bakonyi,&nbsp;Francis Schaffner,&nbsp;Jordi Figuerola","doi":"10.1111/zph.13103","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13103","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No autochthonous human cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE) have been reported to date in the European Union (EU). In this study, we assess the likelihood of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) introduction and transmission within the EU and propose outbreak response measures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Risk assessment</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Given the global geographical distribution of JEV, the probability of virus introduction into the EU is currently very low, with viremic bird migration being the most plausible pathway of introduction. However, this likelihood would significantly increase if the virus were to become established in the Middle East, Caucasus, Central Asia or Africa. Considering the environmental conditions that are expected to be conducive for virus circulation, there is a high likelihood of virus transmission within the EU after its introduction in environmentally suitable areas. The spread of the virus within the EU would likely occur through the movement of wild birds, pigs and mosquitoes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Mitigation</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To mitigate or potentially contain the emergence of JE in the EU, early detection of both human and animal cases will be crucial.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 3","pages":"274-280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.13103","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138809959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term trends and spatial patterns of West Nile Virus emergence in California, 2004–2021","authors":"Brett R. Bayles,&nbsp;Michaela F. George,&nbsp;Rebecca C. Christofferson","doi":"10.1111/zph.13106","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13106","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>West Nile Virus (WNV) has remained a persistent source of vector-borne disease risk in California since first being identified in the state in 2003. The geographic distribution of WNV activity is relatively widespread, but varies considerably across different regions within the state. Spatial variation in human WNV infection depends upon social-ecological factors that influence mosquito populations and virus transmission dynamics. Measuring changes in spatial patterns over time is necessary for uncovering the underlying regional drivers of disease risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we utilized statewide surveillance data to quantify temporal changes and spatial patterns of WNV activity in California. We obtained annual WNV mosquito surveillance data from 2004 through 2021 from the California Arbovirus Surveillance Program. Geographic coordinates for mosquito pools were analysed using a suite of spatial statistics to identify and classify patterns in WNV activity over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We detected clear patterns of non-random WNV risk during the study period, including emerging hot spots in the Central Valley and non-random periods of oscillating WNV risk in Southern and Northern California subregions. Our findings offer new insights into 18 years of spatio-temporal variation in WNV activity across California, which may be used for targeted surveillance efforts and public health interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 3","pages":"258-266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138809955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entomological, parasitological and molecular investigations in a new focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Youssoufia region, Morocco","authors":"Mounia Amane,&nbsp;Sara El Mazini,&nbsp;Mohamed Echchakery,&nbsp;Mohamed Hafidi,&nbsp;Meryem Lemrani,&nbsp;Samia Boussaa","doi":"10.1111/zph.13105","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13105","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical infection caused by <i>Leishmania</i> parasite that affect human and animal. In Morocco, the cutaneous leishmaniasis has spread substantially to the new areas. The surveillance limited to active foci may underestimate the occurrence of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). This study aims to investigate the local transmission of CL in rural districts of Youssoufia province, central Morocco, as a potential focus of CL.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For this purpose, parasitological, molecular and entomological investigations were carried out in this area. Data collection concerns potential vectors and human cases. Thus, 402 patients were examined for suspected leishmaniasis lesions in three localities of the province of Youssoufia. In these same localities, 983 sand flies were collected by CDC light traps and sticky paper during one-night per month during 6 months. These sand flies were all identified morphologically using the Moroccan identification key.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results showed that among the 25 skin lesions detected in a population of 402 individuals, 18 were confirmed by kDNA nested PCR as CL positive patients, of which only 25% were positive by direct examination. <i>Leishmania tropica</i> and <i>Leishmania major</i> were identified as causative agents of CL in the study area. Direct parasitological examination showed a low sensitivity (27.78%), especially for <i>L. major</i>, although its specificity was evaluated at 100%. Regarding entomological results, both genera of the Moroccan sand fly were collected in the study area: Genus/<i>Phlebotomus</i> (75.28%) and <i>Sergentomyia</i> (24.72%). <i>Phlebotomus</i> (<i>P</i>) <i>papatasi</i>, the proven vector of <i>L. major</i>, was the most abundant species (33.98%), followed by <i>Paralongicollum sergenti</i> (22.58%), the confirmed vector of <i>L. tropica</i>; while <i>Sergentomyia</i> (<i>S</i>) <i>minuta</i>, <i>P. longicuspis</i>, <i>S. fallax</i> and <i>P. kazeruni</i> were collected with, respectively, 17.60%, 16.99%, 7.12% and 1.73%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study constitutes the first report of CL in the study areas, as well as the coexistence of <i>L. tropica</i> and <i>L. major</i> in these rural localities. Local transmission of CL is highly probable, as indicated by the prevalence of the two proven vectors of <i>L. major</i> and <i>L. tropica</i>. To control the spread of this disease, our results suggest the use of highly sensitive molecular methods to detect CL cases in potential leishmaniasis foci, whi","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 3","pages":"248-257"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138715091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}