Zoonoses and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 delta variant in African lions (Panthera leo) and humans at Utah's Hogle Zoo, USA, 2021–22","authors":"Heather Oltjen,&nbsp;Erika Crook,&nbsp;William A. Lanier,&nbsp;Hannah Rettler,&nbsp;Kelly F. Oakeson,&nbsp;Erin L. Young,&nbsp;Mia Torchetti,&nbsp;Arnaud J. Van Wettere","doi":"10.1111/zph.13156","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13156","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a One Health investigation to assess the source and transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in African lions (<i>Panthera leo</i>) at Utah's Hogle Zoo in Salt Lake City from October 2021 to February 2022.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Following observation of respiratory illness in the lions, zoo staff collected pooled faecal samples and individual nasal swabs from four lions. All specimens tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The resulting investigation included: lion observation; RT-PCR testing of lion faeces every 1–7 days; RT-PCR testing of lion respiratory specimens every 2–3 weeks; staff interviews and RT-PCR testing; whole-genome sequencing of viruses from lions and staff; and comparison with existing SARS-CoV-2 human community surveillance sequences. In addition to all five lions, three staff displayed respiratory symptoms. All lions recovered and no hospitalizations or deaths were reported among staff. Three staff reported close contact with the lions in the 10 days before lion illness onset, one of whom developed symptoms and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 on days 3 and 4, respectively, after lion illness onset. The other two did not report symptoms or test positive. Two staff who did not have close contact with the lions were symptomatic and tested positive on days 5 and 8, respectively, after lion illness onset. We detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in lion faeces for 33 days and in lion respiratory specimens for 14 weeks after illness onset. The viruses from lions were genetically highly related to those from staff and two contemporaneous surveillance specimens from Salt Lake County; all were delta variants (AY.44).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We did not determine the sources of these infections, although human-to-lion transmission likely occurred. The observed period of respiratory shedding was longer than in previously documented SARS-CoV-2 infections in large felids, indicating the need to further assess duration and potential implications of shedding.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 7","pages":"807-816"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141200883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bartonella species in dromedaries and ruminants from Lower Shabelle and Benadir regions, Somalia","authors":"Aamir M. Osman,&nbsp;Ahmed A. Hassan-Kadle,&nbsp;Clara Morato Dias,&nbsp;Abdalla M. Ibrahim,&nbsp;Flávia C. M. Collere,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Shair,&nbsp;Fabiano Montiani-Ferreira,&nbsp;Marcos R. André,&nbsp;Abdulkarim A. Yusuf,&nbsp;Thállitha S. W. J. Vieira,&nbsp;Rosangela Z. Machado,&nbsp;Rafael F. C. Vieira","doi":"10.1111/zph.13158","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13158","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bartonellosis, caused by bacteria of the genus <i>Bartonella</i>, is a zoonotic disease with several mammalian reservoir hosts. In Somalia, a country heavily reliant on livestock, zoonotic diseases pose significant public health and economic challenges. To the best of our knowledge, no study has been performed aiming to verify the occurrence of <i>Bartonella</i> spp. in Somalia. This study investigated the occurrence and molecular characterization of <i>Bartonella</i> in dromedary (<i>Camelus dromedarius</i>, Linnaeus, 1758), cattle, sheep, and goats from Somalia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>530 blood samples were collected from various animals (155 dromedary, 199 goat, 131 cattle, and 45 sheep) in Benadir and Lower Shabelle regions. DNA was extracted for molecular analysis, and a qPCR assay targeting the NADH dehydrogenase gamma subunit (<i>nuoG</i>) gene was used for <i>Bartonella</i> screening. Positive samples were also subjected to PCR assays targeting seven molecular markers including: <i>nuoG</i>, citrate synthase gene (<i>gltA</i>), RNA polymerase beta-subunit gene (<i>rpoB</i>), riboflavin synthase gene (ribC), 60 kDa heat-shock protein gene (<i>groEL</i>), cell division protein gene (<i>ftsZ</i>), and <i>pap31</i> and qPCR targeting the 16-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) followed by Sanger sequencing, BLASTn and phylogenetic analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Out of 530 tested animals, 5.1% were positive for <i>Bartonella</i> spp. by the <i>nuoG</i> qPCR assay. Goats showed the highest <i>Bartonella</i> occurrence (17/199, 8.5%), followed by sheep (6/44, 6.8%), cattle (4/131, 3.1%), and dromedary (1/155, 1.9%). Goats, sheep, and cattle had higher odds of infection compared to dromedary. Among <i>nuoG</i> qPCR-positive samples, 11.1%, 14.8%, 11.1%, and 25.9% were positive in PCR assays based on <i>nuoG</i>, <i>gltA</i>, and <i>pap31</i> genes, and in the qPCR based on the ITS region, respectively. On the other hand, <i>nuoG</i> qPCR-positive samples were negative in the PCR assays targeting the <i>ribC</i>, <i>rpoB</i>, <i>ftsZ</i>, and <i>groEL</i> genes. While <i>Bartonella bovis</i> sequences were detected in cattle (<i>nuoG</i> and ITS) and goats (<i>gltA</i>), <i>Bartonella henselae</i> ITS sequences were detected in dromedary, goat, and sheep. Phylogenetic analysis placed <i>gltA Bartonella</i> sequence from a goat in the same clade of <i>B. bovis</i>.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study showed, for t","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 5","pages":"568-577"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.13158","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141180957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic range and minimum infection rate of Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia microti, and Borrelia miyamotoi in Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks in Manitoba, Canada from 1995 to 2017","authors":"Cheryl Pei Zhen Foo,&nbsp;Catherine Gayle Sutcliffe,&nbsp;Antonia Dibernardo,&nbsp;Leslie Robbin Lindsay","doi":"10.1111/zph.13159","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13159","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The expanding geographical range of blacklegged ticks (BLTs), <i>Ixodes scapularis</i>, and its ability to transmit <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>, <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>, <i>Babesia microti</i>, and <i>Borrelia miyamotoi</i> poses an emerging public health risk. Our study determined the geographic distribution and the minimum infection rate (MIR) of <i>B</i>. <i>burgdorferi-</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>phagocytophilum-</i>, <i>Ba</i>. <i>microti</i>-, and <i>B</i>. <i>miyamotoi-</i>infected BLTs in Manitoba submitted to the Public Health Agency of Canada's passive tick surveillance programme from 1995 to 2017.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Regression models were used to test the association of the MIR by year for each pathogen. Ticks were tested using PCR for <i>B. burgdorferi</i> since 1995, <i>A. phagocytophilum</i> since 2006, and <i>Ba. microti</i> and <i>B. miyamotoi</i> since 2013. The global positioning system coordinates of infected and uninfected ticks submitted during the surveillance period were plotted on a map of Manitoba using ArcGIS Pro version 3.1.2 to detect changes in the geographic distribution of ticks over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The overall MIR for <i>B</i>. <i>burgdorferi</i> was 139.7 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 129.0–150.5) per 1000 BLTs; however, it varied over time. After remaining stable from 1995 to 2005, the MIR increased by 12.1 per 1000 BLTs per year from 2005 to 2017 (95% CI: 7.0%–17.2%, <i>p</i>-value &lt;0.01). The geographic distribution of <i>B</i>. <i>burgdorferi</i>-infected BLTs was centred around Winnipeg, Manitoba, and spread outward from this locality. The MIRs of <i>A</i>. <i>phagocytophilum</i>, <i>Ba. microti</i>, and <i>B. miyamotoi</i> were 44.8 per 1000 BLTs (95% CI: 38.1–51.6), 10.8 (95% CI: 6.6–15.0), and 5.2 (95% CI: 2.3–8.1) per 1000 BLTs, respectively, and showed no significant change over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Passive surveillance revealed the presence of <i>A. phagocytophilum-</i>, <i>Ba. microti-</i>, and <i>B. miyamotoi-</i>infected BLTs in southern Manitoba and revealed an increased risk of exposure to <i>B. burgdorferi</i>-infected BLTs due to the increasing geographic range and MIR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 7","pages":"817-828"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiologic and tick exposure characteristics among people with reported Lyme disease – Minnesota, 2011–2019","authors":"Austin R. Earley,&nbsp;Elizabeth K. Schiffman,&nbsp;Karen K. Wong,&nbsp;Alison F. Hinckley,&nbsp;Kiersten J. Kugeler","doi":"10.1111/zph.13143","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13143","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the United States, blacklegged <i>Ixodes</i> spp. ticks are the primary vector of Lyme disease. Minnesota is among the states with the highest reported incidence of Lyme disease, having an average of 1857 cases reported annually during 2011–2019. In contrast to the Northeast and mid-Atlantic United States where exposure to ticks predominately occurs around the home, the circumstances regarding risk for exposure to blacklegged ticks in Minnesota are not well understood, and risk is thought to be highest in rural areas where people often participate in recreational activities (e.g. hiking, visiting cabins). We analysed enhanced surveillance data collected by the Minnesota Department of Health during 2011–2019 to describe epidemiologic and tick exposure characteristics among people with reported Lyme disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that younger age, male gender, residence in a county with lower Lyme disease risk, residence in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area, and an illness onset date later in the year were independently associated with higher odds of reporting tick exposures away from the home. We also describe the range of activities associated with tick exposure away from the home, including both recreational and occupational activities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings refine our understanding of Lyme disease risk in Minnesota and highlight the need for heterogeneous public health prevention messaging, including an increased focus on peridomestic prevention measures among older individuals living in high-risk rural areas and recreational and occupational prevention measures among younger individuals living in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 7","pages":"779-789"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of Coxiella burnetii in wild lagomorphs and their ticks in Spanish Mediterranean ecosystems","authors":"Sabrina Castro-Scholten,&nbsp;Javier Caballero-Gómez,&nbsp;Remigio Martínez,&nbsp;Borja J. Nadales-Martín,&nbsp;David Cano-Terriza,&nbsp;Débora Jiménez-Martín,&nbsp;Susana Remesar,&nbsp;Saúl Jiménez-Ruiz,&nbsp;Félix Gómez-Guillamón,&nbsp;Ignacio García-Bocanegra","doi":"10.1111/zph.13155","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13155","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Coxiella burnetii,</i> the causative agent of Q fever, is a zoonotic multi-host vector-borne pathogen of major public health importance. Although the European Food Safety Authority has recently made the monitoring of this bacterium in wildlife a priority, the role of wild lagomorphs in the transmission and maintenance of <i>C. burnetii</i> is poorly understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with <i>C. burnetii</i> circulation in European wild rabbits (<i>Oryctolagus cuniculus</i>) and Iberian hares (<i>Lepus granatensis</i>) and to assess the presence of this pathogen in ticks that feed on them in Mediterranean ecosystems in Spain, the country with the highest number of reported cases of Q fever in Europe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 574 spleen samples were collected from 453 wild rabbits and 121 Iberian hares, and 513 ticks (processed in 120 pools) between the 2017/2018 and 2021/2022 hunting seasons.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>C. burnetii</i> DNA was detected in 103 (17.9%; 95% CI: 14.8–21.1) of the 574 wild lagomorphs tested. By species, prevalence was 16.3% (74/453; 95% CI: 12.9–19.7) in the European wild rabbit and 24.0% (29/121; 95% CI: 16.4–31.6) in the Iberian hare. At least one positive lagomorph was found on 47.9% of the 96 hunting estates sampled and in every hunting season since 2018/2019. Two risk factors associated with <i>C. burnetii</i> infection were as follows: outbreak of myxomatosis on the hunting estate in the month prior to sampling and high tick abundance observed by gamekeepers on the hunting estate. <i>C. burnetii</i> DNA was also found in 33 of the 120 (27.5%; 95% CI: 19.5–35.5) tick pools tested. The pathogen was detected in 66.7% (4/6), 29.2% (26/89) and 21.4% (3/14) of <i>Haemaphysalis hispanica</i>, <i>Rhipicephalus pusillus</i> and <i>Hyalomma lusitanicum</i> pools respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study provides new epidemiological data on <i>C. burnetii</i> in European wild rabbits and is the first survey on this zoonotic pathogen performed in Iberian hares. Our results indicate widespread endemic circulation of <i>C. burnetii</i> and highlight the importance of both wild lagomorph species as natural reservoirs of this zoonotic bacterium in Mediterranean ecosystems in southern Spain, which may b","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 5","pages":"549-559"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.13155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141076968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awareness of fish-borne zoonoses and prevalence of Contracaecum in Oreochromis niloticus and Lates niloticus collected from Lake Chamo, Arba Minch, Ethiopia","authors":"Tamirat Kaba,&nbsp;Mesfin Shurbe,&nbsp;Abreham Wondimu","doi":"10.1111/zph.13145","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13145","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Many fish species can harbour a wide range of pathogenic agents in their tissues. Of many pathogens, the parasitic nematode of genus <i>Contracaecum</i>, which resides in the tissues of fish species, can results in fish-borne infections in humans. This study was planned to assess consumers' awareness of fish-borne zoonoses in the fishing sites of Lake Chamo, Arba Minch, Ethiopia. The study was also aimed at demonstrating the zoonotic nematode, <i>Contracaecum</i> parasites in the <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> and <i>Lates niloticus</i> fishes collected from Lake Chamo, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Assessment of awareness about fish-borne zoonoses was conducted in randomly selected participants (<i>n</i> = 162) using face-to-face interviews via a structured and semi-structured questionnaire. Besides, 70 fishes (<i>O. niloticus</i> = 35 and <i>L. niloticus</i> = 35) were examined for the presence of larva of <i>Contracaecum</i> and other anisakid genera through standard dissection, pepsin-hydrochloric acid digestion and microscopic observation. Consumers have inadequate awareness about fish-borne zoonoses based on the answers they provided to the questions. The majority of respondents (82%) consume raw fish in the area. Of these, a significantly higher proportion were male (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), completed their elementary or high school (<i>p</i> = 0.004), Orthodox Christian (<i>p</i> = 0.044), fishermen (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and participants without previous information about fish-borne zoonoses (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Overall, of examined fishes (<i>n</i> = 70), <i>n</i> = 15 (21.4%, 95% CI, 12.8–33.2) were infected with <i>Contracaecum</i> larva. A significant (<i>p</i> = 0.028) higher infection prevalence was noted in <i>L. niloticus</i> (34.3%, 95% CI, 19.7–52.3) compared to <i>O. niloticus</i> (8.6%, 95% CI, 2.2–24.2). A unit gram addition in the total weight of fish would significantly raise the risk of <i>Contracaecum</i> infection by 1% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The presence of <i>Contracaecum</i>, a zoonotic nematode in the fishes, which are often preferred by consumers for raw dishes, designates a high risk of possible fish-borne infections in the area. Thus, providing education and training for fishermen, visitors of the area, and local people who visit the area for fish consumption, it is inevitably important to minimize the risk. Furthermore, health workers should suspect fish-borne infections, such as anisakidosis in patients who have a history of raw fish consumption in Arba Minch, Ethiopia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 7","pages":"790-798"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141070716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salmonella Typhimurium caused an unprecedentedly large foodborne outbreak in Finland in 2021","authors":"Satu-Mari Lehti,&nbsp;Ole Andersen,&nbsp;Jaana Leppäaho-Lakka,&nbsp;Eija Suominen,&nbsp;Anni Vainio,&nbsp;Maire Matsinen,&nbsp;Henry Kuronen,&nbsp;Ruska Rimhanen-Finne","doi":"10.1111/zph.13157","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13157","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Salmonella</i> infections are significant causes of foodborne outbreaks in the European Union. This study investigates a sudden increase in gastroenteritis patients in the hospital district of Central Finland in June 2021. The primary aim was to study the outbreak's magnitude and source of the outbreak.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Epidemiological, microbiological, environmental and traceback investigations were conducted. Over 700 persons fell ill during the outbreak caused by <i>Salmonella Typhimurium</i> associated with a daycare lunch. Similar <i>S. Typhimurium</i> was found in the patients and a vegetable mix containing iceberg lettuce, cucumber and peas served during lunch. The traceback investigation revealed that the batch information of vegetables from the wholesaler was not complete. The wholesaler had received quality complaints about the iceberg lettuce from the central kitchen. The manufacturer did not test the suspected batch for <i>Salmonella</i> since the production plant had given a certificate declaring it <i>Salmonella</i> negative.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The most suspect ingredient was one batch of iceberg lettuce due to quality complaints. The lettuce had not been served in two daycare centres without cases. We recommend that in order to enable thorough microbiological investigation, institutional kitchens store the food samples separately as part of the internal quality control and that food items should always be tested when <i>Salmonella</i> contamination in an outbreak is suspected.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 5","pages":"560-567"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.13157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141070866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological study of hepatitis E virus infection among students and workers in Hebei Province of China","authors":"Huan Liu,&nbsp;Kunjing Geng,&nbsp;Chunyan Wang,&nbsp;Tengfei Shi,&nbsp;Hongxin Zhang,&nbsp;Chenyan Zhao,&nbsp;Yansheng Geng","doi":"10.1111/zph.13154","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13154","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hepatitis E caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV) is prevalent worldwide. In China, considerable shifts in the epidemiology of hepatitis E have been observed over the last two decades, with ongoing changes in the prevalence of HEV.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method<b>s</b></h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study, in conjunction with the health examinations for students and workers, aims to estimate the seroprevalence and assess the risk factors of HEV infection in general population in Hebei province, China. Epidemiological information was collected using a specific questionnaire and blood samples were collected from each participant during the process of health examination. Anti-HEV IgG and IgM in sera were tested using the Wantai ELISA assay kits. Logistic regression modelling was used to identify associated risk factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The average positive rate of anti-HEV IgG in students (6–25 years) was 3.4%. One (0.2%) student was anti-HEV IgM positive, while also testing positive for IgG. The HEV seroprevalence was not related to students' gender, school, or family residence. In occupational populations, the overall seropositivity rate was 13.3% for anti-HEV IgG and 0.67% for IgM. HEV seropositivity increased significantly with age, ranging from 3.8% to 18.6% in age groups, and differed significantly among four occupation groups: farmers (17.6%), food supply workers (18.0%), other non-farm workers (14.7%) and healthcare workers (5.9%) (<i>p</i> = 0.002). Multivariable logistic analysis confirmed the significant correlations of seroprevalence with age and occupation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study found a low seroprevalence of HEV in children and young adults in Hebei Province, China. Advanced age correlates with higher seroprevalence in occupational populations, indicating an accumulation of HEV infection over time. Seroprevalence varied significantly among different occupation groups, suggesting the important role of occupational exposure for HEV infection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 7","pages":"799-806"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141070830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and molecular epidemiology of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales isolated from dog and cat faeces submitted to veterinary laboratories in the USA","authors":"Jaclyn Dietrich,&nbsp;Tessa E. LeCuyer,&nbsp;G. Kenitra Hendrix,&nbsp;Claire R. Burbick,&nbsp;Megan E. Jacob,&nbsp;Barbara A. Byrne,&nbsp;Karen Olsen,&nbsp;Maria Mitchell,&nbsp;Olgica Ceric,&nbsp;Rachel Lin,&nbsp;Jessica Joneson,&nbsp;Megan Lintner,&nbsp;Alexandra Fox,&nbsp;Diamond McClendon,&nbsp;Trevor Alexander,&nbsp;Kayla Joyce,&nbsp;Melissa Byrd,&nbsp;Jason Clinton,&nbsp;Keith Snipes,&nbsp;Laura Peak,&nbsp;Stephen D. Cole","doi":"10.1111/zph.13144","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13144","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To estimate the prevalence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) carriage among pets using faecal specimens submitted to veterinary diagnostic laboratories throughout the US. A secondary aim was to employ whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to characterize isolates of CPE from companion animals and compare them to publicly available CPE genomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To estimate the prevalence of CPE in companion animals in the USA, a multicenter surveillance study including 8 different veterinary diagnostic laboratories from across the USA was conducted. Briefly, remnant faecal specimens from dogs and cats were screened using two selective agar plates (CHROMID Carba and MacConkey with 1 mg/L cefotaxime and 0.125 mg/L meropenem) and presumptive CPE isolates screened by the modified carbapenemase inactivation method for carbapenemase production. A total of 2393 specimens were screened and yielded 196 isolates for carbapenemase screening. A total of 5 isolates from 4 dogs and 1 cat at 3 different veterinary diagnostic laboratories were confirmed to produce a carbapenemase (0.21%). Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) revealed two <i>E. coli</i> (ST167) isolates that both produced an NDM-5 carbapenemase, two <i>Enterobacter hormaechei</i> (ST171) isolates that produced an NDM-5 carbapenemase and a KPC-4 carbapenemase respectively and one <i>Klebsiella oxytoca</i> (ST199) that produced an Oxa-48-type carbapenemase. Both <i>E. coli</i> isolates were found to be within at least 22 SNPs of previously characterized canine and human CPE isolates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study demonstrates that the prevalence of CPE among companion animals is relatively low (0.21%) but that given the genetic relatedness of animal isolates to human isolates, additional surveillance is needed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 5","pages":"538-548"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.13144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140946055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using the Health Belief Model to understand intention to vaccinate for Lyme disease in the United States","authors":"L. Hannah Gould,&nbsp;James H. Stark,&nbsp;Brandon McFadden,&nbsp;Niyati Patel,&nbsp;Patrick H. Kelly,&nbsp;Jason Riis","doi":"10.1111/zph.13142","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13142","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A growing number of Lyme disease (LD) cases in the U.S. are reported in states neighbouring those with high-incidence (&gt;10 cases per 100,000 population) rates. Considering the evolving epidemiology, high-incidence counties in many of these “neighbouring states,” and the forthcoming vaccines, understanding the drivers of vaccination intention is critical, particularly how drivers of intention in neighbouring states vary relative to regions currently classified as high incidence.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study uses the Health Belief Model (HBM) to determine the key drivers associated with vaccine intention for U.S. adults and caregivers of children residing in neighbouring states.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using an established panel with quotas for age, sex, race/ethnicity and urbanity, we surveyed 887 adults and 822 caregivers of children residing in U.S. neighbouring states. Survey items included measures of intention and HBM constructs, all of which were assessed using 5-point Likert scales. We subsequently used structural equation modelling to understand the influence of the HBM constructs on LD vaccine intention.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Estimates from structural equation modelling show that the HBM constructs explain much of the variation in intention to vaccinate against LD. Intentions to vaccinate for both adults and caregivers are positively influenced by cues to action, perceived susceptibility of LD, and perceived benefits to vaccination. Both are also negatively influenced by perceived barriers to vaccination. The caregiver's intention to vaccinate is also positively influenced by the perceived severity of LD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The intention to vaccinate for respondents residing in LD neighbouring states is strongly influenced by recommendations from healthcare providers or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). As incidence rises in neighbouring states and the need to prevent disease becomes more overt, public health officials should strongly recognize the influence of healthcare providers and CDC recommendations on intention to vaccinate against LD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"71 5","pages":"526-537"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.13142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140904806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}