Zoonoses and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Canine Spotted Fever Group Rickettsial Seroprevalence as an Indicator for Human Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Case Rates in Arizona, USA.","authors":"Alec Oliva, Rachael Kreisler, Andrea Romkema, Soren Madsen, Haley Furman, Christopher Maag, Charles Schaefer, Jose A Hernandez, Jung Keun Lee, Michael Quinlan, John VandenBrooks","doi":"10.1111/zph.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), a rapidly progressing febrile disease caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii, is the deadliest tick-borne disease in the world. Human infection initially results in non-specific symptoms and, if untreated, can result in death in up to 35% of cases. Rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick) was discovered to spread RMSF in Arizona and Northern Mexico in the early 2000s, and the disease is now considered endemic in areas of the Southwestern United States. This study investigates the relationship between canine spotted fever group rickettsial (SFGR) seroprevalence and human RMSF case rates in Arizona.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Canine serum samples were opportunistically collected from 12 counties in Arizona between February 2018 and November 2022. Immunofluorescence assays were employed to determine the anti-SFGR antibody titers in each of the samples, with dilutions ≥ 1:64 considered positive. An exponential nonlinear regression was used to determine the association between canine SFGR seroprevalence and human RMSF case rates per 100,000 as reported by the Arizona Department of Health Services.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 423 dogs sampled, 21% (89/423) were found to be positive for anti-SFGR antibodies. Eight of the 12 counties had seropositive dogs. Geometric mean titers ranged from 64 to 464, with a median of 179. A nonlinear regression model demonstrated a strong association between canine SFGR seropositivity and human RMSF case rates, with the best-fitting model employing RMSF case rates lagged by 1 year. A similar model also showed a significant association between canine SFGR geometric mean titers and RMSF case rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Canine SFGR seroprevalence correlates with human RMSF case rates, with RMSF risk rising exponentially as canine SFGR seroprevalence increases. This lends support to the potential use of canine SFGR serology as an epidemiological tool for forecasting RMSF.</p>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144971601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rapid Review Contrasting the Evidence on Avian Influenza A(H5Nx) Clades 2.3.4.4b and 2.3.2.1c in Humans","authors":"Tricia Corrin,&nbsp;Kaitlin M. Young,&nbsp;Mavra Qamar,&nbsp;Kusala Pussegoda,&nbsp;Austyn Baumeister,&nbsp;Nicole Atchessi,&nbsp;Erin Leonard,&nbsp;Lisa A. Waddell","doi":"10.1111/zph.70006","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Avian influenza viruses (AIV) circulate in wild and domestic bird populations, posing an on-going risk for zoonotic transmission and virus adaptation to mammals and humans. The A(H5Nx) clades 2.3.2.1c and 2.3.4.4b currently circulating have caused sporadic infections in humans. A rapid review (RR) was conducted to contrast the evidence on infection from these clades in humans. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, a protocol was developed a priori. The search was conducted in December 2023 for primary research articles (published and preprint) pertaining to AIV clades 2.3.4.4b or 2.3.2.1c in Scopus, PubMed and EuropePMC. Search verification and a grey literature search were also conducted in January 2024. Full-text relevance screening was conducted independently by two reviewers. Data extraction and risk of bias (ROB) assessment was conducted by one reviewer and verified by a senior reviewer. Results were reported narratively. Forty articles published between 2014 and 2023 were included in this RR. Studies found no discernible difference in the likely mode of exposure, transmission or the potential of AIV infection in humans between the two clades. Seropositivity, seroconversion and hospitalisation rates were also similar, while intensive care unit admission and fatalities were higher for A(H5Nx) clade 2.3.2.1c. Several markers of mammalian adaptation and mutations associated with increased viral replication, polymerase activity and virulence in mammals and/or mice were found in both clades. Most studies were considered to be at high ROB, while some well-designed cohort studies were at moderate ROB. This summary can be used to inform what is known about A(H5Nx) in humans for the two clades and suggests that there is on-going adaptation pressure from circulating AIVs that should be closely monitored. It is important to continue surveillance in birds, mammals and humans, conduct large epidemiological studies and develop mitigation strategies from a One Health perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 7","pages":"553-586"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144971615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Cats: Zoonotic Transmission","authors":"Soledad Barandiaran,&nbsp;María Jimena Marfil,&nbsp;Natalia Yaafar,&nbsp;María Fernanda Ferrer,&nbsp;Sandra Fajardo,&nbsp;María Fernanda Salvador,&nbsp;Mariana Biscia,&nbsp;Martín José Zumárraga,&nbsp;Javier Eduardo Sarradell","doi":"10.1111/zph.70008","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tuberculosis caused by <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> is an infectious disease of worldwide relevance, with a growing concern for its zoonotic potential. Although cattle are the primary host, infections in companion animals have been reported, raising new public health concerns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four cases of <i>M. bovis</i> infection in two cohabiting cats and two humans, one being the pet owner and the other a veterinarian, are analysed. Microbiological and molecular diagnostic techniques were employed, including culture, PCR, and genotyping through spoligotyping.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The presence of <i>M. bovis</i> was confirmed in both felines, identifying the same spoligotype (SB0140). Subsequently, the infection was documented in the pet owner, who had no history of contact with livestock, and in a veterinarian who sustained a needlestick injury during sample collection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings highlight the risk of zoonotic tuberculosis originating from companion animals, even in the absence of direct exposure to livestock. The results underscore the need to strengthen diagnostic and surveillance strategies in non-traditional species and emphasise the importance of adopting a comprehensive One Health approach to prevent and mitigate transmission between animals and humans, particularly in regions where bovine tuberculosis is endemic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 7","pages":"683-689"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144971830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of a Low-Cost Mosquito-Borne Disease Early Warning System Integrating Molecular Mosquito and Arbovirus Surveillance","authors":"Nidya Jurado-Sánchez,&nbsp;Guillermo Espinosa-Reyes,&nbsp;Andreu Comas-García,&nbsp;Fernando Díaz Barriga-Martínez,&nbsp;Mauricio Comas-García,&nbsp;Sandra E. Guerra-Palomares,&nbsp;Christian A. García-Sepúlveda","doi":"10.1111/zph.70005","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Arboviruses can be transmitted by <i>Anophelinae</i> (<i>Anopheles</i> genus) or <i>Culicinae</i> (<i>Aedes</i> and <i>Culex</i> genera) mosquitoes. Ecological and sociodemographic factors such as urbanisation, poverty, access to health systems and social inequality determine vector density and risk of disease transmission. Effective surveillance of vectors and arboviruses is crucial for guiding public health strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We developed a low-cost molecular approach integrating mosquito and arbovirus surveillance and assessed its performance during 2021 in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Our approach incorporates an innovative mosquito trap (Yoy trap), an ITS2-based mosquito molecular taxonomy assay and the use of FTA card preservation of arboviral RNA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 16,319 mosquitoes were collected, <i>Culex</i> spp. genus being the most abundant (63.3%) followed by <i>Aedes</i> spp. (26.6%) and <i>Anopheles</i> spp. (4.7%). Our approach allowed us to characterise mosquito population dynamics including the centripetal expansion of mosquito range from city outskirts to urban areas. Viral RNA screening of 124 FTA cards identified the presence of four arboviruses in mosquitoes of the city of San Luis Potosi: DENV (6.5%), ZIKV (5.6%), CHIKV (1.6%) and WNV (3.2%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This surveillance system detected DENV in mosquitoes 7 weeks prior to the first reported human case, further supporting the public health benefits deriving from the adoption of similar innovative, low-cost and robust surveillance systems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 7","pages":"669-682"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144785480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Human Health Implications of Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter spp. in Vermont Backyard Poultry","authors":"Chelsey A. Patch,&nbsp;Katalin M. Larsen,&nbsp;Cheryl M. Armstrong,&nbsp;Siddhartha Kanrar,&nbsp;Alessandra M. Michaelides,&nbsp;Purna Chakraborty,&nbsp;Kelcey Harper,&nbsp;Valarie Devlin,&nbsp;Lorrie Martin,&nbsp;Alia Lunna,&nbsp;Hannah L. Blackwell,&nbsp;Sarah C. Nguyen,&nbsp;Anna Penny,&nbsp;Andrea J. Etter","doi":"10.1111/zph.70004","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Backyard poultry (BYP) are increasingly linked to cases of campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between 2022 and 2024, soiled bedding samples from 70 BYP farms were tested for <i>Campylobacter</i> spp. and/or <i>Salmonella enterica.</i></p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nine farms (12.86%) had at least one sample positive for <i>S. enterica,</i> while 19.05% (12/63) tested positive for <i>Campylobacter</i> spp. We sequenced 54 <i>S. enterica</i> isolates from eight farms in this sample and four farms from previous sampling in 2021 (<i>n</i> = 12 total farms) to determine the genetic characteristics of <i>S. enterica</i> from backyard poultry. <i>Salmonella</i> Schwarzengrund was the most common serovar (33%; 18/54) found, followed by Kentucky (16.7%; 9/54) and serovars Hadar (14.8%; 8/54) and Enteritidis (14.8%; 8/54). Though over half of isolates (51.9%; 28/54) exhibited no predicted genotypic or phenotypic resistance to antimicrobials, some serovars such as <i>Salmonella</i> Hadar were resistant to multiple antimicrobials. Four isolates had intermediate phenotypic resistance to ciprofloxacin and two were resistant to ampicillin.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In summary, the frequency of <i>Campylobacter</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> in BYP populations of Vermont may pose a significant public health risk. Although the rate of antimicrobial resistance was low among <i>S. enterica</i> isolates, resistance to medically important antibiotics was observed, and isolate serovars aligned with serovars implicated in human illness in Vermont.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 7","pages":"654-668"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and Molecular Detection of Tick-Borne Rickettsiae in Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus Ticks Infesting Dogs and Sheep in Pakistan","authors":"Jehan Zeb,&nbsp;Haytham Senbill,&nbsp;Muhammad Kashif Obaid,&nbsp;Ren Qiaoyun,&nbsp;Mourad Ben Said,&nbsp;Muhammad Umair Aziz,&nbsp;Adil Khan,&nbsp;Reem Alajmi,&nbsp;Raquel Cossio-Bayugar,&nbsp;Karla Dzul-Rosado,&nbsp;Olivier Andre Sparagano","doi":"10.1111/zph.70002","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tick-borne rickettsiae present significant health risks to both humans and animals globally. However, the epidemiology of rickettsial pathogens in Pakistan remains largely unexplored.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and molecular detection of tick-borne Rickettsia in <i>Hyalomma</i> and <i>Rhipicephalus</i> ticks infesting dogs and sheep in Pakistan.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 810 ticks were collected from six geographical locations in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Morphological and molecular identification classified the ticks as <i>Rhipicephalus linnaei</i>, <i>Hyalomma dromedarii</i>, <i>Hyalomma scupense</i> and <i>Hyalomma isaaci</i>, with <i>Rh. linnaei</i> being the most prevalent species (34.81%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Molecular analysis indicated that 43.58% of the ticks tested positive for rickettsiae. The prevalence of specific rickettsial species was as follows: <i>Rickettsia massiliae</i> (16.79%), <i>Rickettsia</i> sp. (11.48%), <i>R. slovaca</i> (8.77%), <i>Ca. R. kotlanii</i> (5.31%) and <i>R. japonica</i> (1.23%). Notably, approximately 13.95% of the ticks harboured at least one tick-borne <i>Rickettsia</i>, with double and triple co-infections found in 5.06% and 1.23%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that isolates of <i>Candidatus Rickettsia kotlanii</i> and <i>Rickettsia</i> sp. from Pakistan shared close genetic similarities with isolates from Japan and South Africa.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced surveillance and monitoring of Pakistani tick populations and rickettsial pathogens. Understanding the dynamics of rickettsial transmission is crucial for mitigating the risks of tick-borne diseases in humans and animals and informing public health strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 7","pages":"637-653"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Infection in Bearded Vultures in Spain","authors":"Remigio Martínez,&nbsp;Irene Agulló-Ros,&nbsp;Moisés Gonzálvez,&nbsp;María J. Ruano,&nbsp;Bianca Zecchin,&nbsp;Irene Zorrilla,&nbsp;Rafael Guerra,&nbsp;Jorge Paniagua,&nbsp;David Cano-Terriza,&nbsp;Ignacio García-Bocanegra","doi":"10.1111/zph.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We report mortality in bearded vultures (\u0000 <i>Gypaetus barbatus</i>\u0000 ) associated with highly pathogenic avian influenza HPAI A H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b, responsible for the current HPAI panzootic. Between April and May 2022, a total of five bearded vultures from Spain, four free-ranging and one captive individual, were found dead in their nest or with acute symptoms of disease. Complete necropsies were performed and histopathological, immunohistochemistry and molecular analyses were carried out. The presence of the HPAI H5N1 virus was confirmed in different organs, oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs and feathers from the affected individuals. The complete viral genome was obtained from three of the affected bearded vultures. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the sequences obtained from the free-ranging individuals and the captive specimen belonged to the clade 2.3.4.4b and clustered separately. Furthermore, it supports that direct or indirect contact with other sympatric wild birds could be the most likely source of infection. This research highlights the susceptibility of the endangered bearded vulture to HPAI H5N1, thereby contributing to the broader understanding of the virus's host range.</p>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 6","pages":"544-549"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salmonella Control Programme in France: Factors Influencing the Detection of Salmonella in Laying Hen Flocks From 2013 to 2021","authors":"Adeline Huneau-Salaün,&nbsp;Sophie Le Bouquin,&nbsp;Marianne Chemaly","doi":"10.1111/zph.70001","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Salmonellosis is the second leading foodborne illness in the European Union. Eggs are still an important source of <i>Salmonella</i> despite an EU-harmonised control programme in laying hen flocks. The objective of our study was to identify the characteristics related to poultry house (location, type of housing system) and sampling (sampler, type and number of samples, date) associated with the detection of <i>Salmonella</i> target serovars (STS) in France (<i>S. enteritidis</i>, <i>S. typhimurium</i>, three monophasic variants of <i>S. typhimurium</i> and <i>S</i>. Kentucky).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For the first time since the implementation of the EU target prevalence in 2010, we compiled the results of bacteriological detection of <i>Salmonella</i> in French laying hen flocks (108,718 sampling events carried out in 4744 poultry houses). The risk of STS detection was modelled using a mixed logistic regression model taking into account repeated sampling at the poultry house level.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An STS was isolated from 737 sampling events (0.68%). Caged flocks had a higher risk (odds ratio (OR) = 1.6, 95% confidence interval [1.2–2.0]) of testing positive compared with on-floor, organic or free-range flocks. The risk of detecting STS was higher when sampling was carried out by the competent authority (CA) (OR = 2.62, [2.2–3.1]) relative to food business operators (FBO), in relation to the risk-based sampling strategy used by the CA. A higher risk of STS detection was associated with taking six samples or more per sampling (OR = 2.8 [2.0–4.0]). A spatial gradient of risk was also described, running from the north-west to the south-east regions of France, in addition to seasonal (third quarter of the year: 2.8 [2.2–3.5], fourth quarter: 2.4 [1.9–3.0], relative to the first quarter) and annual effects (2016: 1.7 [1.2–2.5], 2020: 2.1 [1.5–2.9], 2021: 2.0 [1.4–2.8], relative to 2013).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings are of interest for improving sampling protocols for <i>Salmonella</i> detection in laying hen farms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 7","pages":"628-636"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144650739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of a Seasonal Autoregressive Fractionally Integrated Moving Average Model for the Time Series Analysis of Human Brucellosis","authors":"Yongbin Wang,&nbsp;Yifang Liang,&nbsp;Chenlu Xue,&nbsp;Bingjie Zhang,&nbsp;Peiping Zhou,&nbsp;Yanyan Li,&nbsp;Xinxiao Li,&nbsp;Chunjie Xu","doi":"10.1111/zph.13229","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.13229","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Human brucellosis (HB) has re-emerged as a critical public health threat in China, necessitating robust forecasting tools for early intervention. This study evaluates the seasonal autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average (SARFIMA) model's performance in predicting HB epidemics, comparing it with the widely used seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Monthly HB morbidity data from January 2012 to May 2023 in Henan were collected retrospectively and divided into training (January 2012 to December 2021) and testing (January 2022 to May 2023) segments to evaluate the predictive ability of SARFIMA, comparing it with the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA). Sensitivity and secondary analyses were also conducted using HB incidence data in different periods in Henan and mainland China to confirm the predictive robustness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>HB incidence exhibited marked seasonality (peaks: May–June; troughs: December–January) and surged post-2018 (annual increase: 34.9%). The analysis identified distinct SARIMA and SARFIMA configurations for different prediction horizons in Henan. 17-step forecasts required autoregressive components with seasonal differencing, while 5-step predictions benefited from moving average terms. The SARFIMA models consistently exhibited fractional differencing parameters (0.329–0.487), indicating persistent temporal dependencies in the data structure. Although the SARFIMA produced smaller forecast errors than the best SARIMA in both horizons, the forecast errors were still large, and the prediction intervals of the SARFIMA were wider than those of the SARIMA. Further cross-validation and secondary analysis also showed that SARFIMA outperformed SARIMA in assessing HB epidemics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SARFIMA marginally improves HB forecasting accuracy over SARIMA by addressing long-range dependence, but prediction reliability remains limited. Hybrid models integrating environmental/livestock data are recommended. Escalating HB incidence underscores urgent needs for livestock vaccination, public education on unpasteurized dairy risks, and real-time surveillance to mitigate zoonotic transmission in high-risk regions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 6","pages":"534-543"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144486214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic Determinants of Campylobacter spp. and Non-Typhoidal Salmonella spp. Infections in Ontario, Canada, 2015–2017: An Ecological Study","authors":"Patience John,&nbsp;Csaba Varga,&nbsp;Martin Cooke,&nbsp;Shannon E. Majowicz","doi":"10.1111/zph.70000","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>\u0000 <i>Campylobacter</i> spp. and non-typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> spp. (NTS) are major causes of enteric diseases in Ontario, Canada and worldwide. Although low socioeconomic status is generally associated with poor health outcomes, its relationship with enteric diseases in Ontario is not well known. We investigated area-level socioeconomic risk factors for reported enteric infections caused by <i>Campylobacter</i> spp. and NTS, commonly transmitted by food in Ontario, Canada, between 2015 and 2017.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using negative binomial regression models, we examined the association between age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates (IRs) of laboratory-confirmed cases of <i>Campylobacter</i> spp. and NTS (aggregated to the forward sortation area [FSA] level), and FSA-level socioeconomic factors (median household income; percent population with bachelor's degree or higher; unemployment rate; and percent visible minorities, Indigenous peoples [as defined by Statistics Canada], total immigrants, recent immigrants and lone-parent families), adjusting for the population of the FSA from the 2016 Census.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After controlling for the other variables in the final multivariable models, an increase in the percentage of the population with a bachelor's degree or higher and in the percentage of total immigrants in an FSA significantly increased the IRs of <i>Campylobacter</i> infections, while an increase in the median income and the percentage of total immigrants in an FSA increased the IRs of NTS infections.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results from our study may inform public health interventions to reduce the rate of infections, for example, via food safety supports relevant to communities with larger numbers of Canadian immigrants. Further individual-level investigations of the socioeconomic factors identified in this study are needed. Also, future studies should assess the mechanisms through which socioeconomic risk factors affect infection rates in different communities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"72 6","pages":"523-533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.70000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144340481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}