Zoonoses and Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Increased Borrelia burgdorferi Seroprevalence in Nova Scotia—Prevalence and Distribution 10 Years Later","authors":"Carrie Phillips,&nbsp;Colleen Jackson,&nbsp;Linda Passerini,&nbsp;Kathryn McIsaac,&nbsp;Courtney Loomer,&nbsp;Heather Coatsworth,&nbsp;Jennifer Cram,&nbsp;Elizabeth Simms,&nbsp;David Haldane,&nbsp;Todd F. Hatchette,&nbsp;Glenn Patriquin","doi":"10.1111/zph.70033","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lyme disease (LD), a tick-borne infection, is endemic in Nova Scotia. One decade ago, the seropositivity rate to <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> was 2/1855 (0.14%). In the current study, using residual sera representing ages 10–64 years, we demonstrate an increase in seroprevalence, to 25/1872 (1.60%), with the highest seroprevalence in the western area of the province.</p>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"73 2","pages":"164-168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12865333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145662373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Screening of Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) for Vector-Borne Zoonotic Pathogens, South Moravia, Czech Republic","authors":"Silvie Šikutová,&nbsp;Kristína Mravcová,&nbsp;Jan Mendel,&nbsp;Oldřich Šebesta,&nbsp;Bohumil Sak,&nbsp;Nikola Holubová,&nbsp;Martin Kváč,&nbsp;Clifton McKee,&nbsp;Peter H. Adler,&nbsp;D. Otranto,&nbsp;Ivo Rudolf","doi":"10.1111/zph.70031","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Black flies (Simuliidae) are globally distributed blood-feeding arthropods and vectors of viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens to many animal species, including humans. We investigated the occurrence of selected vector-borne pathogens in black flies in South Moravia, Czech Republic, and evaluated their possible role in the circulation of vector-borne pathogens.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 11,600 black flies comprising four species of the genus <i>Simulium</i>, namely <i>Simulium</i> (<i>Boophthora</i>) <i>erythrocephalum</i> (De Geer, 1776), <i>Simulium</i> (<i>Wilhelmia</i>) <i>lineatum</i> (Meigen, 1804), <i>Simulium</i> (<i>Wilhelmia</i>) <i>balcanicum</i> (Enderlein, 1924), and <i>Simulium</i> (<i>Wilhelmia</i>) <i>turgaicum</i> (Rubtsov, 1940) were pooled and screened for the following arthropod-borne pathogens and parasites endemic in Central Europe: viruses (alphaviruses, bunyaviruses and flaviviruses), bacteria (<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> sensu lato, <i>Borrelia miyamotoi</i>, <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>, <i>Neoehrlichia mikurensis</i>, <i>Bartonella</i> spp., <i>Rickettsia</i> spp., <i>Francisella tularensis</i>, <i>Coxiella burnetii</i>, and <i>Brucella</i> spp.), protista (<i>Babesia</i> spp., <i>Encephalitozoon</i> spp. and <i>Enterocytozoon</i> spp.) and filaria (<i>Dirofilaria</i> spp., <i>Setaria</i> spp., and <i>Onchocerca</i> spp.).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Almost all pools were negative for known arthropod-borne pathogens and parasites. However, four new <i>Bartonella</i> spp. variants were found that share similarity with other bartonellae reported from diverse arthropods and humans. The phylogenetic analysis of <i>Bartonella</i> sequences from Czech black flies provides further evidence about an expanding diversity of <i>Bartonella</i> lineages in arthropods globally, including hematophagous species (e.g., ticks, mosquitoes, and biting flies) and non-hematophagous species (e.g., bees and ants). These bartonellae have the potential to cause pathogenic infections in humans who are exposed to arthropods carrying these bacteria.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Summing up, this study provides for the very first time valuable data for characterising the risk to public and veterinary health from black flies and the infections they may carry in Europe. Further testing, however, should include a wider geographic, seasonal, and taxonomic range of black flies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"73 1","pages":"95-106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.70031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145640635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entomological Surveillance and Risk Mapping of Sand Fly-Borne Diseases in Isfahan Province, Iran (2019–2023)","authors":"Sara Rahimi,&nbsp;Abbasali Ghasemi,&nbsp;Azad Absavaran,&nbsp;Atefeh Khazeni,&nbsp;Saideh Yousefi,&nbsp;Madineh Abbasi","doi":"10.1111/zph.70029","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.70029","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a major public health concern in Iran and particularly in Isfahan Province. Although numerous studies have determined the phlebotomine sand-fly fauna and CL occurrence in this region, no dedicated investigation of sand fly spatial distribution and Risk mapping has been conducted in recent years. Furthermore, no previous study has systematically assessed leishmaniasis vectors across 19 distinct sites in this province over a continuous five-year period from 2019 to 2023. Therefore, this study conducted comprehensive entomological surveillance to determine sand fly species composition, seasonal activity, and high-risk transmission zones for C in this endemic area.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective study conducted on sand fly entomological surveillance in 10 counties of Isfahan Province from 2019 to 2023, utilising sticky traps for sand fly collection. Collected specimens were identified morphologically, and species distribution, seasonal activity, and abundance trends were analysed using statistical methods. Spatiotemporal maps were created using GIS tools to assess the geographic patterns of sand fly populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 17,453 specimens were collected, with <i>Sergentomyia sintoni</i> (48.0%) and <i>Phlebotomus papatasi</i> (30.0%) being the most abundant species. The highest sand fly abundance was recorded in 2022. Seasonal activity patterns varied by species, with <i>S. sintoni</i> and <i>Ph. Papatasi</i> exhibiting bimodal peaks in June and August. The majority of specimens (96.5%) were collected from outdoors, which indicates the exophilic behaviour of sand flies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings establish an essential basis for public health decision-making and support the formulation of targeted, cost-effective, and ecologically responsible interventions to reduce sand fly populations and mitigate the spread of sand fly-borne diseases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"73 1","pages":"83-94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145640624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local Maintenance and Genomic Diversity of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus in Natural Populations of House Mice in the Czech Republic Over a 24-Year Period","authors":"Ivana Jezkova,&nbsp;Alena Fornůsková,&nbsp;Ľudovít Ďureje,&nbsp;Miloš Macholán,&nbsp;Jaroslav Piálek,&nbsp;Joëlle Goüy de Bellocq","doi":"10.1111/zph.70028","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a neglected rodent-borne zoonotic virus primarily infecting house mice. The virus can be highly pathogenic, particularly in immunocompromised individuals and in congenital infections. LCMV is distributed worldwide but shows local clustering, probably due to the highly structured populations of its hosts and the vertical transmission of the pathogen. These factors should also promote long-term virus persistence in wild populations, yet this aspect remains largely unexplored. To investigate this, we resampled a transect in the western Czech Republic that was primarily studied more than a decade ago. Additionally, we analyzed a sample collection from Buškovice, a locality where LCMV was first detected in 2008, to trace virus presence back to the year 2000. Positive samples underwent whole-genome characterisation to assess the virus's genetic structure over space and time. We detected intermittent presence over 24 years in a geographically limited area, where LCMV was already present in 2000 and remained detectable in 2023. Phylogenetic analysis showed no clear spatio-temporal clustering, suggesting that virus persistence in Buškovice is a dynamic process involving mouse dispersal between neighbouring villages. Given LCMV's zoonotic potential and house mouse synanthropy, these findings highlight the need for continuous monitoring in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"73 1","pages":"107-112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.70028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145565333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotyping Reveals Potential Sources of Human Leptospirosis Outbreaks in Aotearoa New Zealand","authors":"Shahista Nisa,&nbsp;Stuart Littlejohn,&nbsp;Ahmed Fayaz,&nbsp;Scarlet Deen,&nbsp;Maryna Sokolova,&nbsp;Paul Ogbuigwe,&nbsp;Marie Moinet,&nbsp;Adrian L. Cookson,&nbsp;Julie Collins-Emerson,&nbsp;Chris N. Niebuhr,&nbsp;Emilie Vallee,&nbsp;Jonathan Marshall,&nbsp;Jackie Benschop","doi":"10.1111/zph.70022","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The introduction of PCR testing for leptospirosis in Aotearoa New Zealand has reduced the availability of serotyping data, and current diagnostic PCRs do not routinely genotype <i>Leptospira</i>. This study genotyped <i>Leptospira</i> from PCR-confirmed human cases between 2016 and 2023 and compared them with genotypes found in animals to identify potential sources of infection in a 2023 human leptospirosis outbreak.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Human samples were genotyped using <i>glmU</i> amplicon sequencing and compared to animal genotypes from previous studies. In addition, human national surveillance data were analysed to provide broader epidemiological context including regional distribution to reveal outbreak areas; diagnostic test usage to assess trends; serotyping results to evaluate consistency across methods; and demographic information to evaluate the representativeness of the genotyped dataset. Chi-squared and Poisson regression were used to assess host-genotype associations, and phylogenetics evaluated genetic relatedness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Surveillance data showed flood-associated outbreaks in several regions and a significant shift in diagnostic practice (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001), with increased use of PCR. Genotyping of PCR-confirmed cases revealed a rise in Pomona infections in 2023 across rural flood-associated regions (Gisborne, Hawke's Bay, Manawatū-Whanganui, Waikato and Wairarapa). In contrast, the Auckland region—including Aotearoa's largest city which also experienced flooding—had infections linked to Ballum, Copenhageni and Balcanica NZ. In animals, Pomona was primarily detected in sheep (<i>Ovis aries</i>), followed by cattle, while Ballum, Copenhageni and Balcanica NZ were primarily detected in mice (<i>Mus musculus</i>), Norway rats (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>) and brushtail possums (<i>Trichosurus vulpecula</i>), respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Flooding-driven outbreaks in rural areas with pastoral livestock were predominantly linked to livestock-associated strains, while urban cases were associated with rodents and small wildlife. These findings highlight the need for tailored mitigation strategies addressing distinct epidemiological risks in rural and urban settings. Surveillance strategies should be adapted to preserve typing capabilities to better inform public health responses in future outbreaks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"73 1","pages":"54-64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.70022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145551419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal-Related Research in the Arctic With a Focus on Animal Health and Zoonotic Disease: A Scoping Review","authors":"Jan M. Sargeant,&nbsp;Amy Caughey,&nbsp;Wanda Joy,&nbsp;Allison MacRury,&nbsp;Ellen Vriezen","doi":"10.1111/zph.70027","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Arctic is habitat for a range of animal species, many of which are consumed by Indigenous Peoples and are central to Indigenous food sovereignty. Country food (locally harvested food from the land, sea and sky) is nutritious, and harvesting country food is an important cultural activity, making understanding of potential zoonotic disease exposure an important concern for public health. The objective of this scoping review was to describe the animal-related research in the Arctic regions of Alaska, Canada and Greenland, with a focus on zoonotic pathogens in animals and humans. Overall, 3072 articles described animal-related research, with common topics including animal health, environmental contaminants in animals and animal population estimates, whereas few articles included a consideration of Indigenous Knowledges. Parasites were the most common type of zoonotic pathogens studied, with terrestrial and marine mammals the most studied species groups. <i>Trichinella</i> and <i>Toxoplasma</i> were the most commonly studied zoonotic parasites in both animals and humans. <i>Brucella</i> spp., <i>Leptospira interogans</i> and <i>Francisella tularensis</i> were commonly studied bacterial zoonoses in the animal health literature, whereas <i>Clostridium botulinum</i> (and toxin) was the most studied zoonoses in humans related to bacteria from animals. Rabies or exposure to rabies was the most common zoonotic virus studied in both animals and humans. Common objectives for both animal health and human health studies included estimating prevalence, identifying risk factors and describing morbidity or mortality. Studies estimating disease incidence or evaluating the effectiveness of interventions were uncommon. Climate change considerations were increasingly being included as a study component over time. In conclusion, although there is a substantive body of research on animal and zoonotic health in these regions of the Arctic, further engagement with Indigenous Knowledges and more focused study on disease prevention and intervention are crucial for safeguarding both wildlife and human health in this unique environment.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"73 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145551341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flattening Patterns of Antimicrobial Resistance Levels in Indicator E. coli in Dutch Livestock","authors":"Anita Dame-Korevaar,&nbsp;Erik Kuiper,&nbsp;Jose L. Gonzales,&nbsp;Kees Veldman","doi":"10.1111/zph.70025","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is defined by the World Health Organization as one of the most important health threats, that needs a One Health approach. Monitoring AMR in livestock is an important element, which has been done in the Netherlands in a monitoring program since 1998. The aim was to analyse AMR trends during the periods 2010–2018 and 2019–2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A dataset containing the antimicrobial resistance data of &gt; 12,000 indicator <i>E. coli</i> isolates collected from faecal samples from broilers, fattening pigs and veal calves at slaughter houses, as part of the Dutch AMR monitoring program, was built to analyze AMR trends. ECOFF values were used to distinguish wild-type (WT) and non-wild-type (non-WT, phenotypically resistant) isolates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the period 2010–2018 decreasing resistance patterns to most antibiotics were seen in broilers, fattening pigs and veal calves. However, in the period 2019–2023 flattening resistance patterns were observed in broilers and fattening pigs for antibiotics amoxicillin/ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, at relatively high levels of resistance, despite a reduction in antibiotic usage during this period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Following a significant decreasing trend in the prevalence of AMR between 2010 and 2018, no significant changes in the prevalence of AMR were observed between 2019 and 2023 for most antibiotics. To get more insight into the limited correlation between usage and resistance in recent years, further studies are needed to analyse the relation, and underlying factors, between antibiotic usage and AMR more in depth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"73 1","pages":"74-82"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.70025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145534014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serosurveillance of Leishmania infantum in Zoo-Kept Animals in Spain","authors":"Jesús Barbero-Moyano,&nbsp;Diana Marteles,&nbsp;David Cano-Terriza,&nbsp;Sergio Villanueva-Saz,&nbsp;Moisés Gonzálvez,&nbsp;Pablo Quilez,&nbsp;Adrián Beato-Benítez,&nbsp;Javier Martínez,&nbsp;Alfredo Gargallo-Martín,&nbsp;Pilar Soriano,&nbsp;María A. Risalde,&nbsp;Ignacio García-Bocanegra","doi":"10.1111/zph.70024","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Leishmaniosis is a sand fly-borne zoonosis mainly caused by <i>Leishmania infantum</i> in Europe. Exposure to this protozoan has been widely reported in many domestic and wild species. However, epidemiological surveys evaluating the circulation of <i>L. infantum</i> in zoo-kept animals remain limited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This large-scale study aims to evaluate the seroprevalence of <i>L. infantum</i> in zoo-kept species in Spain as well as alterations in serum protein levels in <i>L. infantum</i>-seropositive individuals, to identify potential risk factors associated with <i>L. infantum</i> exposure, and to assess the dynamics of seropositivity in animals longitudinally sampled during the study period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between 2007 and 2023, serum samples from 429 zoo-kept animals belonging to 72 species were collected in nine zoos in Spain using convenience sampling. Additionally, 29 of these individuals from six of the tested zoos were also longitudinally sampled.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Anti-<i>L. infantum</i> antibodies were detected in 22 (5.1%; 95% CI: 3.0–7.2) of the 429 animals using an in-house ELISA, as well as in 13.9% (10/72) and 66.7% (6/9) of the species and zoos tested, respectively. Serum protein electrophoresis analyses revealed that polyclonal gammopathy was the most common alteration in <i>L. infantum</i>-seropositive individuals. Three animals longitudinally surveyed seroconverted throughout the study period. The multivariate analysis identified the family Canidae as a risk factor for <i>L. infantum</i> exposure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results indicate a moderate, widespread and endemic circulation of <i>L. infantum</i> in zoo-kept animals from Spain, which may be of animal health, conservation, and public health concern. Surveillance programs and control measures should be implemented in zoos to minimise the exposure of these species to <i>Leishmania</i> spp., particularly in hotspot areas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"73 1","pages":"65-73"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/zph.70024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145534168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological Features and Spatial–Temporal Distribution of Hemorrhagic Fever With Renal Syndrome—China, 2004–2023","authors":"Hongrui Zhai,&nbsp;Sihan Li,&nbsp;Junyuan Chen,&nbsp;Qian Ren,&nbsp;Yu Li,&nbsp;Di Mu,&nbsp;Yanping Zhang,&nbsp;Qiulan Chen","doi":"10.1111/zph.70014","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is a zoonotic disease caused by hantavirus and transmitted through rodent vectors. China accounts for approximately 90% of global hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome cases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, data of cases were obtained from the Chinese Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Surveillance data of rodent hosts was derived from the designated surveillance sites across the country.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the study period, 204,039 HFRS cases were reported, with 1,801 deaths and a case fatality rate of 0.88%. Average annual reductions of –4.26% (95% CI, –7.13% to –1.78%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) in incidence rate and –5.39% (95% CI, –8.02% to –3.60%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) in case fatality rate were observed. A concerning upward trend was observed in both the proportion and incidence rate among individuals aged 60–69 years. The proportion increased from 7.70% in 2004 to 18.91% in 2020, with incidence rates reaching 10.35/1,000,000 in 2020. The primary disease cluster has shifted from Heilongjiang to Guanzhong Plain. Higher hantavirus carrying rates were observed in Heilongjiang, Yunnan, and Shaanxi provinces.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The incidence rate of HFRS has been steadily decreasing in China, accompanied by changes in demographic and geographic distributions. In light of shifting epidemiological patterns, the current Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI) strategy should be reconfigured to encompass individuals aged 10–70 years. Given the observed changes in disease clusters and high hantavirus prevalence, enhanced rodent host surveillance is essential. Surveillance scope and frequency should be dynamically adjusted in response to prevailing epidemiological trends to facilitate early intervention. Prevention strategies should precisely target high-risk populations and hotspots while enhancing the integrated application of the One Health approach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"73 1","pages":"13-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145496972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulation of Two Distinct Phylogenetic Subclades of Rabies Viruses in Lao PDR","authors":"Cecile Troupin,&nbsp;Kedkeo Intavong,&nbsp;Thep Aksone Chindavong,&nbsp;Sitsana Keosenhom,&nbsp;Souksakhone Viengphouthong,&nbsp;Thonglakhone Xaybounsou,&nbsp;Chittaphone Vanhnollat,&nbsp;Watthana Theppangna,&nbsp;Phouvong Phommachanh,&nbsp;Philippe Buchy,&nbsp;Gary Wong","doi":"10.1111/zph.70021","DOIUrl":"10.1111/zph.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rabies remains a significant public health concern in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), with domestic dogs serving as the primary reservoir host and transmission vector. Despite the endemic presence of rabies virus (RABV) within Lao PDR, molecular data on the current circulation of this virus within the country are limited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we generated 94 new whole-genome sequences of animal RABV isolates collected between 2017 and 2023 in Lao PDR using the Nanopore technology. We then performed phylogenetic analyses by inferring maximum-likelihood trees on the five concatenated rabies genes and on nucleoprotein and glycoprotein genes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the Lao isolates predominantly cluster in three endemic phylogenetic groups of the Southeast Asian 3 (SEA3) subclade within the Asian clade. Additionally, we report the detection of RABV isolates related to the SEA1b subclade in Lao PDR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings highlight the complex and dynamic patterns of RABV transmission, likely influenced by transboundary dog movement, and underscore the importance of continuous molecular surveillance at the regional and national levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":24025,"journal":{"name":"Zoonoses and Public Health","volume":"73 1","pages":"45-53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145439124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}