Wear最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing the wear and corrosion resistance of Q345 steel via a martensitic stainless steel hardfacing coating deposited by multiple-pass MIG welding","authors":"Mingxiao Shi ,&nbsp;Jingyong Li ,&nbsp;Chaoming Shen ,&nbsp;Changhui Liu ,&nbsp;Zhidong Yang ,&nbsp;Xiang Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface hardening techniques of steel are of important practical significance for the production of wear-resistant parts. Hardfacing is a well-recognized technique that is efficient and economical. In this work, a martensitic stainless steel hardfacing coating was deposited by multiple-pass MIG welding. The surface wear and corrosion resistance of the Q345 steel were significantly improved by the coating. The bonding strength between the substrate and the coating is greater than the tensile strength of the substrate. The microstructure of the coating consists of lath martensite embedded with (Cr, Fe)₇C₃ particles. The formation of martensite in the coating plays a vital role in improving the wear resistance and bonding strength. The presence of a large amount of chromium imparts excellent corrosion resistance to the coating. The wear resistance increases while the corrosion resistance decreases in the order of <em>X</em>12Cr13, <em>X</em>20Cr13, and <em>X</em>30Cr13 coatings. <em>X</em>30Cr13 coating has the best wear resistance among these three coatings. Hence, the optimum coating is <em>X</em>30Cr13 coating. These results highlight new possibilities for the surface hardening of steel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"584 ","pages":"Article 206365"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tribological properties of a-C/MoS2:a-C multilayer composite films under vacuum and high-temperature environments","authors":"Liqiang Hua ,&nbsp;Fenghua Su ,&nbsp;Jie Zhou ,&nbsp;Jianfang Sun ,&nbsp;Jun He","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The a-C/MoS₂:a-C multilayer composite film was fabricated using the optimized Cr/Cr_<em>x</em>C_<em>y</em> gradient transition layer and MoS₂:a-C composite film. The a-C layer and MoS₂:a-C layer were prepared by sputtering graphite and MoS₂ targets, respectively, via the magnetron sputtering method. Multilayer films with varying modulation periods were fabricated by alternately depositing the layers for different durations. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and tribological performance of the films were evaluated. The tribological behavior of the multilayer composite films under varying environmental conditions was examined. The results indicated that the multilayer structure design of a-C/MoS₂:a-C enhanced the mechanical properties of the film, including nano-hardness, elastic modulus, and film-substrate adhesion. The modulation period had no substantial effect on the tribological properties of the film. The a-C/MoS₂:a-C multilayer composite film demonstrated favorable tribological performance with low friction coefficient and wear rate in ambient air at temperature ranging from room temperature to 200 °C, as well as in a vacuum at room temperature. However, in a 300 °C high-temperature environment, all films underwent lubrication failure, resulting in a marked decrease in durability and lubricity. The thermal stress induced by elevated temperatures caused instability in the film structure, with severe degradation occurring in the non-friction areas of certain film samples. In the 300 °C high-temperature environment, the films failed to form a stable and adequate transfer film to reduce friction and resist wear. In the film structure design, the thinness of the MoS₂:a-C composite layer hindered the generation of a stable and friction-reducing transfer film during the friction process, which was the primary factor of lubrication failure in the 300 °C high-temperature environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"582 ","pages":"Article 206363"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On gradients of FeO concentration in the contact layer of Hadfield steel in dry sliding against C45 steel under electric current","authors":"Marina Aleutdinova,&nbsp;Viktor Fadin","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tribological behavior of X120Mn12 steel (sample) during dry sliding against quenched C45 steel (counterbody) under high (&gt;100 A/cm²) electric current density was studied. Sliding was performed using standard pin-on-ring loading configuration. The formation of transfer layers lower than 20 μm thick was detected and their visual images were obtained in the form of natural coatings of contact surfaces. The atomic and phase compositions of these coatings were also determined. The sample worn surface had two sectors deteriorated by different mechanisms. One of the sectors had signs of melt formation. The melt on the contact surface of the counterbody was also shown. The melt contained iron, oxygen, manganese and carbon. A mechanism of melt formation was proposed. Melt can exist only under sliding conditions and under current. This made it possible to explain the decrease in the friction coefficient, the increase in the contact conductivity and the increase in the wear intensity with increasing current density in the contact. In addition, the proposed mechanism of melt formation made it possible to explain the presence of abrasive wear in one of the sectors of the sample worn surface. It was also noted that the FeO concentration gradient in the transfer layers (of the sample and of counterbody) is not able to affect wear significantly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"582 ","pages":"Article 206361"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A circuit-motion-thermal-wear coupled model for performance prediction of electromagnetic rail launching","authors":"Shiyu Hao,&nbsp;Zhanyue Cao,&nbsp;Ran An,&nbsp;Shilong Zhang,&nbsp;Weihao Li,&nbsp;Huantong Shi,&nbsp;Li Chen,&nbsp;Xingwen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In electromagnetic launch system, the armature is highly susceptible to wear due to the extreme stress and heat conditions. To support accurate prediction of launch performance including wear amount, muzzle velocity, and contact stability, this study develops a predictive model that considers circuit response, armature dynamics, thermal effects, and wear evolution. The model incorporates temperature-dependent material properties, including electrical conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient, and accounts for the dynamic distribution of interfacial heat sources at the armature-rail contact. The calculated wear depth is validated under varied launching energy levels via in-situ X-ray flash radiography. The dynamic contact force including electromagnetic, preload, and reverse forces serve as an indicator for transition. By taking a contact force threshold of 10 N/kA, the model demonstrates its ability to predict pre-transition behavior and to evaluate the likelihood of transition. Based on this model, a study on current waveform regulation is carried out to compare the launch performance under different trigger timings with equal stored energy, and it is found that a long-duration flat-top current effectively suppresses armature wear and enhances contact stability. Experimental validation shows an increase in muzzle velocity without transition using this strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"584 ","pages":"Article 206362"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure optimization to achieve improved current-carrying tribological performance in AgCu10 alloy","authors":"Youwang Tu,&nbsp;Xiuchong Zhu,&nbsp;Xiao Kang,&nbsp;Yixuan Cao,&nbsp;Lei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The currently used cold-rolled AgCu10 alloy for the brush suffers from excessive abrasive wear and unstable electrical transmission. In this study, the powder metallurgy approach combined with appropriate heat treatments was employed to optimize the microstructure and enhance its current-carrying tribological performance. The evolution from microstructure and hardness to tribological and current-carrying behavior was systematically investigated, with a particular focus on the underlying mechanisms. The results show that deformed Cu-rich grains with dense dislocations preferentially form a loose and easily exfoliated nanostructured mixing layer near the worn subsurface compared to the recrystallized Ag-rich grains in cold-rolled AgCu10 alloy. This results in significant delamination and abrasive wear, leading to poor wear resistance and unstable voltage drop behavior in the AgCu10 alloy. The PM-prepared sample aged at 400 °C achieves a favorable balance between enhanced wear resistance and stable current-carrying performance, with a wear rate of 2.42 × 10⁻⁵ mm³/N·m, a voltage drop of 0.049 V, and an electrical noise of 0.033 V. This improvement primarily stems from the development of a continuous and flat tribo-layer during friction, which arises from the homogenized microstructure featuring moderate-sized recrystallized grains with substructural characteristics, reduced dislocation density, and refined Cu-rich phases. This work provides valuable insights into the wear mechanisms of cold-rolled dual-phase alloys and the development of electrical contact alloys with improved performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"582 ","pages":"Article 206364"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of tribological behaviors of compression molded polyimide under varying load conditions","authors":"Dezhi Teng ,&nbsp;Jingsi Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Sa ,&nbsp;Tongcai Zhao ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tribological evaluation of neat polyimide is essential for understanding its intrinsic behavior under extreme conditions and providing guidance to optimize high-performance composites. In this study, neat polyimide samples were prepared via compression molding, and their tribological behaviors were evaluated using a reciprocating tribo-meter under dry conditions in point contact. The results revealed a load-dependent transition in wear mechanisms: fatigue wear with cracks perpendicular to the sliding direction at lower loads evolved into delamination at higher loads. At the highest load, unstable friction behavior was accompanied by severe surface damage, which was consistent with enhanced material transfer evidenced by increased transfer film formation on the counterpart surfaces. Furthermore, carbonized polyimide on the counterpart surfaces was observed, along with evidence of chelation between the transferred polyimide and the metal. These findings deepen the understanding of the tribological characteristics of neat polyimide and provide fundamental insights for enhancing the tribological performance of polyimide composites through modification with additives or fillers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"582 ","pages":"Article 206359"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of relative humidity on iron-oxide composition and wear mechanism on steel friction interface","authors":"Chao Sun ,&nbsp;Feng Ding ,&nbsp;Wenlin Li ,&nbsp;Zhenghai Yang ,&nbsp;Zhifei Ma ,&nbsp;Chenfei Song","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental humidity influences the safety and replacement frequency of Fe-based friction materials such as brake pad and wheel-rail, which are influenced by the formation of oxide films. However, the oxidation mechanisms induced in iron and steel materials as a function of relative humidity (RH) have not been clearly elucidated thus far. Therefore, in this study, normalised 45# steel was tested under braking conditions, with the friction interface positioned perpendicular to the ground. To investigate the effects of RH on the friction and wear performance as well as the oxidative wear mechanism in 45# steel, pin-on-disc friction tests were conducted via a salt solution method at different RH conditions. The results showed that as RH increased, the friction coefficient of 45# steel decreased, whereas the wear rate increased; ultimately, optimal braking performance was achieved at 30 % RH. Contrastingly, at 50 % RH, the friction coefficient and wear rate exhibited abrupt changes, the O:Fe ratio on the worn surface peaked, and the wear mechanism shifted from furrow and adhesive wear to oxidative wear. Finally, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses revealed that with increasing RH, the oxidation intermediates followed a transformation sequence of Fe(OH)₂ → FeOOH → Fe(OH)₃. Ultimately, this study provides essential data and theoretical insights into oxidation processes, supporting the design and performance evaluation of iron-based friction materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"582 ","pages":"Article 206360"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructural changes in the gauge corner for heavy haul pearlitic rails with and without lubrication","authors":"J.I. Pereira ,&nbsp;B.P. Ferrer ,&nbsp;T. Cousseau ,&nbsp;J.C.K. Neves ,&nbsp;T.G. Viana ,&nbsp;R.M. Souza","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines microstructural changes in heavy-haul pearlitic rails under lubricated and unlubricated conditions at the gauge corner, focusing on wear mechanisms and crack nucleation. Samples from curved tracks with radii of 343 m (S1) and 570 m (S2) were analyzed using Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and nano-hardness profiling. S1, lubricated with grease, showed a reduced coefficient of friction (CoF = 0.21 ± 0.04), mitigating wear and shifting the damage regime to elastic and high-cycle fatigue zones. In contrast, S2, unlubricated, exhibited a higher CoF (0.45 ± 0.03), increased plastic deformation, and crack propagation consistent with rolling contact fatigue (RCF). Both samples exhibited White Etching Layers (WEL) and Transitional Layers (TL/BEL), with thicker layers and more pronounced damage in S2. Hardness profiling revealed elevated values (up to 14 GPa) in WEL regions, driven by thermal and mechanical effects. While hardening reduced material removal, it exacerbated surface crack nucleation, particularly in high curvature areas. These results underscore the critical role of lubrication in reducing wear, delaying rail replacement, and optimizing maintenance strategies. A shakedown diagram further illustrates the operational influences on wear mechanisms, providing insights into enhancing the performance and longevity of heavy-haul rail systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"582 ","pages":"Article 206355"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “A bio-inspired rock-breaking strategy using organic complexing agent to facilitate hard rock breakage and reduce cutter wear” [Wear 580–581 (2025) 206265]","authors":"Zhixin Wu ,&nbsp;Lei Lei ,&nbsp;Yi Xu ,&nbsp;Zhaohui Wang ,&nbsp;Jing Zheng ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Mei ,&nbsp;Zhongrong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206354","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"582 ","pages":"Article 206354"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of tribological performance of SiC nanoparticle-reinforced CoCrFeMnNi nanocomposites produced by selective laser melting","authors":"Asit Kumar Gain ,&nbsp;Liangchi Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) is distinguished by its superior mechanical properties, machinability and corrosion resistance. However, its relatively low yield strength and inadequate wear resistance constrain its applicability in structural and tribological applications. To address these limitations, this study systematically investigates the incorporation of 5 vol% silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles into HEA via a selective laser melting (SLM) process, with the objective of enhancing its microstructural characteristics, mechanical properties and tribological performance. Microstructural analysis reveals that the homogeneous dispersion of SiC nanoparticles (35–50 nm) within both grain interiors and boundaries promotes significant grain refinement, leading to notable improvements in compressive yield strength (55.2 %), nanohardness (72.8 %) and elastic modulus (20.3 %) relative to the plain HEA. Tribological assessment demonstrates a substantial reduction in wear rate, with abrasive wear mechanisms prevailing at low loads. Under elevated loads, the unreinforced HEA undergoes pronounced plastic deformation and oxidation-induced degradation due to frictional heating, whereas the incorporation of SiC nanoparticles mitigates oxidation and induces a self-lubricating effect, thereby enhancing wear resistance. Worn subsurface characterization shows the formation of shear bands, high-density dislocation structures and localized nanohardness increases, elucidating the underlying deformation and wear mechanisms governing the enhanced tribological performance of the nanocomposite. These findings underscore the synergistic role of SiC nanoparticles in refining microstructure, strengthening mechanical properties and improving tribological behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"582 ","pages":"Article 206358"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}