Wear最新文献

{"title":"Influence of grinding damage on the minimum chip thickness and subsurface damage in scratching of YAG wafer","authors":"Jinxing Huang,&nbsp;Zhigang Dong,&nbsp;Renke Kang,&nbsp;Shang Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) wafers are critical components of high-energy thin-film lasers, requiring precise processing to achieve superior surface quality for higher damage thresholds. Ultra-precision grinding provides an efficient method to thin the wafers and obtain low-damage surfaces, reducing subsequent processing time and costs. However, research regarding the impact of grinding damage on the minimum chip thickness (MCT) and subsurface damage (SSD) of YAG wafers remains insufficient. In this research, variable and constant load scratch tests were conducted on pre-ground and pre-polished YAG wafer. The surface topography and SSD of the scratches was examined. The MCT of these surfaces were determined based on the friction coefficient and surface morphology, and the results were validated through grinding experiments. The findings reveal that, under identical normal loads, scratches on the polished surface exhibit a greater tendency for chip formation. Grinding damage substantially increases the MCT compared to the polished surface. Material removal becomes unfeasible as the grain cutting depth is insufficient to initiate the MCT during grinding. Additionally, the SSD depth of scratch on the surface with grinding damage is considerably lower than that on the polished one. Furthermore, to clarify the impact of grinding damage on the MCT and SSD depth, the stress field was calculated. The findings of this work could provide crucial support for optimizing grinding parameters and predicting grinding forces in hard-brittle materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"590 ","pages":"Article 206577"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wear effect during dynamic sliding of hard cone tips on soft planes","authors":"Kazuo Arakawa","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Experimental and model analyses were conducted on the dynamics of hard cone tips sliding on soft planes. Sliding velocity <em>v</em> was measured using hard steel cone tips on flat semi-brittle polypropylene surfaces. The wear effect was estimated by measuring the widths of the surface grooves formed during tip sliding and calculating the sectional area <em>A</em><em>'</em>. An analytical model was developed from the assumption that the compressive force at the tip is given by <em>λ'A</em><em>'</em><em>v</em>, where <em>λ</em><em>'</em> is a surface parameter related to <em>A</em><em>'</em>. These analytical expressions illustrate the key features of the experimental results, including velocity and wear changes that occur during tip sliding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"590 ","pages":"Article 206556"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wear mechanism of wear-resistant martensite steel with (Fe, Cr)7C3 reinforced phase particles","authors":"Menghu Wang,&nbsp;Wubin Ren,&nbsp;Shuai Tong,&nbsp;Xinjun Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, the synergistic wear mechanisms in a martensitic steel reinforced with (Fe, Cr)₇C₃ carbide particles were revealed. Matrix hardness was tailored through controlled quenching, and wear performance was assessed under both three-body (rubber wheel) and two-body (pin-on-disk) abrasive conditions. Microstructural characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and white-light interferometry (WLI) revealed that the wear-resistant phase is predominantly composed of fine secondary carbides (&lt;4 μm), alongside larger eutectic carbides. The carbide-reinforced steel demonstrates not only superior wear resistance compared to a homogeneous steel of the same hardness, but also a further increase in wear resistance with higher matrix hardness, revealing a clear synergistic effect. Notably, this synergy is much stronger under three-body than under two-body abrasion. Compared to high-chromium cast iron of similar hardness, the two materials display opposite performance trends in the two wear modes, which is attributed to the detrimental effect of large carbides in two-body wear. A simplified predictive model was developed to quantitatively validate this hardness–carbide synergy. This work provides mechanistic insights for designing advanced wear-resistant composites through optimized interplay between matrix hardness and carbide characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"590 ","pages":"Article 206550"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lubricating behavior of gallium-based liquid metal for space applications","authors":"Xuhu Zhang ,&nbsp;Guirong Yang ,&nbsp;Jiqiang Ma ,&nbsp;Jie Guo ,&nbsp;Juanjuan Chen ,&nbsp;Hui Tan ,&nbsp;Jun Cheng ,&nbsp;Shengyu Zhu ,&nbsp;Jun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gallium-based liquid metal (GLM), which combines superior lubricity, wide temperature range stability, and vacuum environment adaptability, is an emerging space lubricant. This study explores the frictional and wear characteristics of GLM for Cu/Al tribo-pairs under coupled vacuum-high temperature conditions. Under GLM lubrication, the friction coefficient and wear rate are decreased by approximately 0.5 ∼ 1.1 times and 7.1 ∼ 15.7 times respectively compared to dry friction. The excellent lubricating performance of GLM stems from the in-situ formation of a complete and continuous Ga-Al metallic friction film on the Cu alloy surface. The boundary lubrication effect generated by this friction film, in synergy with the fluid lubrication inherent to the liquid metal itself, effectively prevents direct contact between the frictional interfaces. However, high temperatures induce thermal softening of materials and intensify interfacial reactions, driving the further development of plastic deformation and corrosive wear of tribo-pairs, thereby leading to increased friction and wear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"590 ","pages":"Article 206582"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of composition variation on the tribological behavior of PAI-based solid lubricant coatings","authors":"Sung-Jun Lee ,&nbsp;Chan-Woo Kim ,&nbsp;Hye-Min Kwon ,&nbsp;Hee Sup Shin ,&nbsp;Yool Koo Kim ,&nbsp;Chang-Lae Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the tribological behavior of polyamide-imide (PAI) composite coatings containing various combinations of solid lubricants (graphite and activated carbon), silicon nitride, and epoxy binders. Eight different coating formulations were prepared and tested under low (200 mN) and high (200 N) load conditions. Surface analysis showed that the graphite formulations displayed plate-like structures, whereas the activated carbon formulations exhibited irregular, porous textures. Pure carbon coatings demonstrated excellent friction stability but poor wear resistance under high loads. The addition of silicon nitride and epoxy improved wear resistance, with 1.2 wt% carbon formulations reducing wear depth by up to 61 % and wear rate by up to 60 % compared to pure carbon formulations. An inverse relationship between the carbon content and wear resistance was observed. The wear mechanisms differed between graphite (delamination and platelet exfoliation) and activated carbon formulations (selective phase removal and plastic deformation). These results demonstrate that optimal tribological performance depends on the balance between the carbon content, additive interactions, and processing parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"590 ","pages":"Article 206565"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146070873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electric discharge damage mitigation through bearing surface topography design","authors":"Liang Guo,&nbsp;Thijs Nijdam,&nbsp;Henk Mol,&nbsp;Lieuwe de Vries","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the influence of surface roughness on electric discharge damage in rolling contacts. Building on our previously developed electric discharge energy model, which establishes the relationship between discharge energy and film thickness, this study leverages the known influence of surface roughness on film thickness to control electric discharge behaviour. Experiments were conducted using a Mini-Traction Machine (MTM) with smooth balls and washers of varying roughness. Post-test surface analyses identified key roughness parameters governing electric discharge behaviour, enabling the proposal of an optimal surface topography for the tested conditions. The observed damage levels correlated strongly with discharge energy measured during the tests, further validating the model and providing potential practical guidance for mitigating electric discharge damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"590 ","pages":"Article 206566"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the mechanism of synergistic improvement of tribological properties in CuZn matrix self-lubricating composites by graphite lubricating phase and Y2O3 reinforcement phase","authors":"Xin Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiashang Li ,&nbsp;Hanhan Yang ,&nbsp;Liuchen Wu ,&nbsp;Wenxiao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a series of copper-zinc matrix self-lubricating composites reinforced with graphite (5 wt. %) and Y₂O₃ (0–2 wt. %) were fabricated using powder metallurgy. Their tribological properties and wear mechanisms under different sliding speeds (V₁ = 0.1 m/s, V₂ = 0.5 m/s, and V₃ = 1.0 m/s) were systematically investigated. The results indicate that graphite, as a solid lubricant, significantly reduces the coefficient of friction (COF). The C₄ composite (with 5 wt. % graphite and 1 wt. % Y₂O₃) exhibited the lowest COF of merely 0.2 under the V₃ condition (1.0 m/s), representing a 60% reduction compared to the C₁ composite without graphite (which had a COF as high as 0.5). Concurrently, the introduction of Y₂O₃ effectively compensated for the loss in mechanical properties caused by the addition of the graphite lubricant. The specific wear rate of the C₄ composite under a sliding speed of 1.0 m/s was reduced by approximately 75% compared to the C₁ composite. As the sliding speed increased, the thermo-mechanical coupling effect promoted the formation of a continuous friction surface layer composed of oxides, amorphous carbon, and a plastic deformation layer. The average wear debris particle size decreased from 1.14 μm under the C₁V₁ condition to 0.58 μm under the C₄V₃ condition. Raman spectroscopy and XPS analysis confirmed that at a sliding speed of 1.0 m/s, the graphite structure in the copper-zinc matrix self-lubricating composites transformed into a highly defective amorphous state, while the oxidation degree of Cu was alleviated. This study's multi-scale reveals the synergistic lubrication-strengthening mechanism of graphite and Y₂O₃ over a wide speed range, providing a theoretical basis and data support for the design of high-performance copper-zinc matrix self-lubricating composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"590 ","pages":"Article 206579"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of sintering temperature on the wear mechanism of in-situ TiC/Cu matrix composites with negative wear rate","authors":"Xiaoqi Yang ,&nbsp;Qian Qi ,&nbsp;Lujie Wang ,&nbsp;Xiquan Zhang ,&nbsp;Huixian Zhang ,&nbsp;Yueyang zhao ,&nbsp;Yuanyang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The zero or negative wear rate of TiC/Cu matrix composite is the key factor to ensure the long service time, high reliability and stable operation of bearings. In this work, the wear loss and oxidation mass gain of TiC/Cu matrix composites simultaneously occur during the friction process, resulted in the negative wear rate. Besides, the sintering temperature significantly affects the phase composition and grain size of composites. The particle size of TiC increases from 0.23 to 2.15 μm with the increase of sintering temperature from 1050 °C to 1350 °C. As a result, the hardness of composites decreases from 567 HV₃₀ to 339 HV₃₀, while the oxidation rate increases. The wear resistance was tested by reciprocating friction method using GCr15 bearing steel balls as the friction pair. The wear rate of composites exhibits a negatively correlation with hardness. A continuous and stable tribo-oxidation layer consisting of TiO₂, CuO, Cu₂O, Fe₂O₃, FeO and Fe₃O₄ with good lubricating effect is formed on the wear surface of composites sintered higher than 1200 °C. It indicates that the higher oxidation rate accelerates the formation and repair of tribo-oxidation layer, while the lower hardness of substrate allows the plastic deformation of tribo-oxidation layer under the function of cyclic load. Therefore, the formation of a continuous and stable tribo-oxidation layer plays a crucial role in low coefficient of friction (COF) and negative wear rate of composites. The composites sintered at 1350 °C shows the lowest friction coefficient (0.55) and wear rate (−7.22 × 10³ μm³/N·m).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"590 ","pages":"Article 206578"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Image-based monitoring of material emissions for wear characterization of laminated polymer composite gears","authors":"Aleš Durjava,&nbsp;Bor Mojškerc,&nbsp;Zoran Bergant,&nbsp;Nikola Vukašinović","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents a computer vision image-based methodology for quantitative wear particle diagnostics in polymer composite gear systems. Conventional monitoring techniques typically provide limited information on the morphology and size distribution of the particles, restricting their diagnostic capability. In this study, optical microscopy is combined with computer vision image-based algorithms to characterize particles resulting from gear wear. Inspection at <span><math><mrow><mn>50</mn><mo>×</mo></mrow></math></span> magnification captured approximately 70 % of the microplastic range, while complementary SEM analysis at <span><math><mrow><mn>2500</mn><mo>×</mo></mrow></math></span> confirmed extended diagnostic capability at sub-micrometer scales. The circularity and aspect ratio of particles proved to be important indicators of wear stages, while the size of the particles remained consistent regardless of the torque applied. Approximately 80 % of the worn out volume was found consistently represented by 10–50 <span><math><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> particles. The developed methodology provides reproducible and quantitative insights into gear wear stages that are not accessible through conventional monitoring. The results demonstrate potential for improved monitoring and reliable failure prediction in polymer composite tribosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"590 ","pages":"Article 206563"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immersion and proteins reduce nanowear damage of CoCrMo under AFM single-asperity reciprocating sliding","authors":"Hwaran Lee ,&nbsp;Jeremy L. Gilbert","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the environmental effect on the tribocorrosion behavior of cobalt chromium molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloy using atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nano-tribology under three environmental conditions: (1) air, (2) phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and (3) bovine serum albumin (BSA) in PBS. Cyclic single-line scratches (8 μm) were generated using an AFM diamond tip (nominal radius 340 nm) under normal forces ranging from 137 to 170 μN (14.1–15.2 GPa stress). Tribological performance in solution-based conditions demonstrated significantly lower wear compared to air, contrary to the widely-accepted synergy of wear and corrosion. After 400 scratches, wear depth in air reached 62 nm, but reduced to 12 nm in PBS and further decreased to 7 nm in BSA. Similarly, wear volume in air (0.047 μm³), was 8 times greater than in PBS (0.0061 μm³) and 23 times greater than in BSA (0.0018 μm³) (p &lt; 0.0001). Likewise, tests in air produced a greater volume of wear debris (0.116 μm³) than PBS (0.0076 μm³) and BSA (0.0018 μm³). Introducing fluid and albumin may alter the mechanical and electrochemical environment of CoCrMo oxide films to reduce wear. Unidentified proteinaceous aggregates in BSA environment suggest that proteins lubricate the surfaces and/or interacts with wear debris or ions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"589 ","pages":"Article 206557"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}