IF 6.1 1区工程技术

Wear Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206312

Rachit Trivedi , Kapil Dev Sharma , Sumit Bhan , Pinku Roy , Sudipta Patra , Anish Karmakar

{"title":"Dry sliding wear behaviour of pearlitic wheel steels used for Indian railways","authors":"Rachit Trivedi , Kapil Dev Sharma , Sumit Bhan , Pinku Roy , Sudipta Patra , Anish Karmakar","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present work is focused on the dry sliding wear behaviour of two industrially manufactured pearlitic wheel steels used for high-speed railway applications, having varying content of C, Mn and V. A constant wear load of 10 N with different sliding velocity of 3 m/s and 5 m/s has been used for both the investigated samples. A detailed electron microscopic analysis has been carried out to correlate the microstructural counterparts with the wear behaviour of the specimens. C1_3 m/s showed the worst wear resistance property due to the higher strain accumulation in the primary worn surface, leading to the detachment of carbide particles and the generation of microcracks. On the other hand, the C2_5 m/s specimen results into ∼55 % improvement in specific wear rate compared to C1_3 m/s due to the generation of dynamically recrystallized (DRx) sub-micron sized ferrite grains (0.350 ± 0.01 μm) surrounded by high angle grain boundaries in the white etching layer (WEL), resisting the wear loss of C2_5 m/s specimen. The occurrence of dynamic recrystallization in C2_5 m/s specimen can be related with the increase in temperature compared to C1_3 m/s and favours DRx. A softer white etching layer (WEL) and enhanced elastic recovery were observed in C2_5 m/s, as revealed by nano-indentation analysis. Compared to C1, the C2 specimen contained higher volume fraction of VC precipitates which refine the prior austenite grains, pearlite ILS, colony, and parallelly increasing the precipitation strengthening, thereby improving the wear resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 206312"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Accurate determination of wear volume of ball employed as counter sample in reciprocating sliding tests 往复滑动试验中反样球磨损量的精确测定

IF 6.1 1区工程技术

Wear Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206309

Pawel Pawlus , Rafal Reizer

引用次数: 0

Enhanced tribological performance of shot peened nickel-based single crystal superalloy with heterogeneous gradient nanostructure at elevated temperature 非均匀梯度纳米结构喷丸镍基单晶高温合金高温摩擦磨损性能的提高

IF 6.1 1区工程技术

Wear Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206310

Lu Liu , Shouyi Sun , Huitao Chen , Huahui Yi , Min Dou , Zhufeng Yue , Lei Li

{"title":"Enhanced tribological performance of shot peened nickel-based single crystal superalloy with heterogeneous gradient nanostructure at elevated temperature","authors":"Lu Liu , Shouyi Sun , Huitao Chen , Huahui Yi , Min Dou , Zhufeng Yue , Lei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dry-sliding wear behaviors of nickel-based single crystal (NBSC) superalloy under different shot peening (SP) intensities and sliding times are investigated and compared with those of non-SP NBSC superalloy. The surface roughness of SP superalloy is 82.9 %–388.1 % higher than that of non-SP superalloy, and the surface microhardness is 8.7 %–50.4 % higher than that of non-SP superalloy. However, at the initial stage of abrasion, due to the large surface roughness, the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate of SP superalloy are higher than those of non-SP superalloy. After long-term abrasion, the COF and wear rate of SP superalloy are lower than those of non-SP superalloy, which is attributed to the SP-induced gradient-hardening layer and gradient-nanograined microstructure. Under cyclic friction load, a five-layer heterogeneous gradient nanostructure is generated on the worn surface of SP superalloy, including ultrafine nanograined glaze layer, nanocrystal layer, sub-grain layer, rotated γ′ layer and distorted γ′ layer. While non-SP superalloy has a thicker heterogeneous gradient nanostructure with larger grain sizes, and there is no rotated γ’ layer. SP-induced high-density dislocations strengthen the wear resistance. These findings provide new insights into the strengthening mechanism of SP on wear and highlight the potential of SP in the design of wear-resistant NBSC superalloy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 206310"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144923059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of an improved Iwan model considering contact surface wear evolution and analysis of model contact characteristics 考虑接触面磨损演变的改进Iwan模型的建立和模型接触特性的分析

IF 6.1 1区工程技术

Wear Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206314

Shijie Pan , Liang Zhu , Guangtao Yu , Chaofeng Li , Jinghu Tang , Yulin Jiang

{"title":"Development of an improved Iwan model considering contact surface wear evolution and analysis of model contact characteristics","authors":"Shijie Pan , Liang Zhu , Guangtao Yu , Chaofeng Li , Jinghu Tang , Yulin Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, an improved Iwan model considering the evolution of contact surface wear was developed by defining a set of contact surface wear functions. The accuracy of the proposed model was subsequently validated through contact surface wear experiments. Based on this foundation, the contact characteristics of the model under various contact conditions were analyzed in detail. The results indicate that the increase of normal load causes the viscous range of the contact surface to increase gradually. In contrast, the increase of displacement amplitude leads to the change of the contact surface from local sliding to overall sliding. With the increase of wear cycles, the contact stiffness and friction coefficient of the worn contact surface also increase accordingly and gradually tend to be stable. In addition, under the overall sliding state, with the increase of the normal load and displacement amplitude, the dissipated energy of the contact surface also increases accordingly, and the wear phenomenon of the contact surface intensifies. This study can provide important theoretical guidance for studying contact surface wear mechanisms and life prediction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"582 ","pages":"Article 206314"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Failure analysis of 3D printed FZG spur gears made of AISI316L austenitic steel AISI316L奥氏体钢3D打印直直齿轮失效分析

IF 6.1 1区工程技术

Wear Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206313

D. Batory , G. Mitukiewicz , M. Olma , W. Stachurski , J. Świniarski , M. Stembalski , D. Marciniak , G. Ziółkowski , T. Kurzynowski

{"title":"Failure analysis of 3D printed FZG spur gears made of AISI316L austenitic steel","authors":"D. Batory , G. Mitukiewicz , M. Olma , W. Stachurski , J. Świniarski , M. Stembalski , D. Marciniak , G. Ziółkowski , T. Kurzynowski","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the tribological behaviour 3D-printed spur gears made of AISI316L steel. The gears were tested on an FZG test bench under lubricated conditions and varied load. The effect of applied torque on scorring and resistance to pitting was investigated. After each test the mass loss of the gear was measured and the working surface of the gear teeth was examined using macrophotography and stylus profilometer. After completing the tests the working surface and the subsurface region on the cross-section of the teeth were analysed with use of the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Numerical model of the analysed gear was prepared and used for validation of the obtained laboratory data. The results indicate that the investigated material displays different tribological behaviour compared to conventional AISI316L. The gears have shown promising performance for torques lower than 60 Nm. However, tests with a torque of 135 Nm indicated failure of the gear material, revealing pitting and scorring as well as a network of subsurface cracks propagating in the surface direction. This study highlights the need for further research on the performance of 3D-printed components under demanding conditions, aiming to bridge the gap between additive manufacturing and conventional materials in industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 206313"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144931817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on the multifactorial influence of particle impact parameters on erosion characteristics under dry/wet wall conditions 干湿壁面条件下颗粒冲击参数对侵蚀特性的多因素影响研究

IF 6.1 1区工程技术

Wear Pub Date : 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206306

Junyu Tao , Xiaoxiao Chen , Zhe Lin , Guang Zhang

{"title":"Study on the multifactorial influence of particle impact parameters on erosion characteristics under dry/wet wall conditions","authors":"Junyu Tao , Xiaoxiao Chen , Zhe Lin , Guang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Particle impact erosion is prevalent in engineering fields such as energy systems and chemical engineering, yet the interactions between liquid films and particles under wet impact conditions remain poorly understood. In this study, the effects of particle diameter (2–5 mm), impact velocity (1.4–4.6 m/s for normal impacts and 3 m/s for oblique impacts), and impact angle on erosion behaviour under both dry and wet conditions are examined. The results show that, under dry conditions, the erosion depth was linearly related to particle diameter and velocity and reached 153.8 μm for 4 mm particles at 4.64 m/s, whereas it reached 76.6 μm for 2 mm particles. The erosion volume increased quadratically with velocity and peaked at an impact angle of approximately 80°. Under wet conditions (with a film thickness of 300 μm and a viscosity of 195 mPa s), the liquid film significantly reduced erosion, and the erosion volume growth rates exhibited a distinct transition at 3.4 m/s. A functional model was developed to quantify the effects of the film on the velocity and angle. These findings offer a theoretical foundation for erosion-resistant system design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 206306"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of a-C:H running-in behavior in hydrogen-containing atmosphere 含氢气氛中a-C:H的磨合行为分析

IF 6.1 1区工程技术

Wear Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206285

David Zeradjanin , Severin Sylla , Tina Hirte , Leonhard Mayrhofer , Thorsten Staedler , Michael Moseler , Xin Jiang

{"title":"Analysis of a-C:H running-in behavior in hydrogen-containing atmosphere","authors":"David Zeradjanin , Severin Sylla , Tina Hirte , Leonhard Mayrhofer , Thorsten Staedler , Michael Moseler , Xin Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The running-in of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) surfaces in hydrogen-containing gaseous atmospheres is not yet fully understood, despite its significance in tribological applications.</div><div>This study analyzes the running-in of a-C:H coatings against a reciprocating steel specimen using tribological experiments and quantum chemical simulations. The influence of temperature and coating hardness on the tribological performance was investigated experimentally. A non-explosive environment with 5 % hydrogen and nitrogen as the carrier gas was used. The results show that higher temperatures reduce the running-in distance and lower the averaged coefficient of friction (COF) after running-in, while wear volumes do not show a clear temperature dependency. Experiments with a-C:H coatings of distinct hardness indicate that the harder a-C:H coating needs more sliding distance of the moving steel counterbody to reach a low and stable COF and experiences more wear in this interval, but shows less wear after the running-in phase compared to a softer a-C:H coating. It is shown that the transfer film changes its structure during the running-in.</div><div>Results from quantum chemical simulations suggest that the running-in of the investigated tribological systems is controlled by dissociative chemisorption of hydrogen molecules on a-C:H surfaces. While we can conclude that physisorption of molecules on the surfaces does not play an important role in the running-in process, a possible effect of surface passivation by aromatization cannot be ruled out.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 206285"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144904078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Surface erosion rates of graphite from high-speed solid particle impacts 高速固体颗粒撞击对石墨表面的侵蚀速率

IF 6.1 1区工程技术

Wear Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206298

Hasan F. Celebi , Austin J. Andrews , Ioannis Pothos , Antonio G. Schöneich , Nathan A. Bellefeuille , Bernard A. Olson , Stuart J. Laurence , Thomas E. Schwartzentruber , Christopher J. Hogan

{"title":"Surface erosion rates of graphite from high-speed solid particle impacts","authors":"Hasan F. Celebi , Austin J. Andrews , Ioannis Pothos , Antonio G. Schöneich , Nathan A. Bellefeuille , Bernard A. Olson , Stuart J. Laurence , Thomas E. Schwartzentruber , Christopher J. Hogan","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aerospace vehicles are highly susceptible to damage from particle-laden flows; such encounters can lead to high-speed impacts from airborne particles such as dust, sand, and other particulate matter. We have characterized the rate of graphite surface erosion from the impact of monodisperse ferrous sulfate particles ranging in diameter (1.8 <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>m, 3.7 <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>m, and 6.1 <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>m) at different impact angles (90°, 75° and 45°) and variable impact velocities (<span><math><mrow><mn>340</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>520</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>m</mi><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>). Measurements were carried out by generating particles at known number densities, and accelerating them via a converging–diverging nozzle to impact on graphite substrates, positioned at variable angles relative to the flow direction. Laser Doppler velocimetry was used to characterize particle velocities prior to impact. Measurements reveal that impact angle had a minimal effect on erosion rate. The eroded volume increased with total kinetic energy of the impacting particles, integrating over the entire experimental time. We develop empirical expressions linking eroded volume, erosion rate, and erosion propagation velocity to the velocity and size of the particles. The increase in surface roughness as erosion progressed is also quantified. In total, measurements yield an erosion rate model for graphite which may be used to predict rates of surface removal for graphite surfaces exposed to solid particles impacting at transonic to supersonic speeds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 206298"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of sequential pre-processing on the structural and tribo-mechanical properties of Vancron 40 tool steel 顺序预处理对Vancron 40工具钢组织和摩擦力学性能的影响

IF 6.1 1区工程技术

Wear Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206307

Daniel Toboła , Cezary Drenda , Puneet Chandran , Jerzy Morgiel , Marcin Kot , Adelajda Polkowska , Witold Brostow

{"title":"Influence of sequential pre-processing on the structural and tribo-mechanical properties of Vancron 40 tool steel","authors":"Daniel Toboła , Cezary Drenda , Puneet Chandran , Jerzy Morgiel , Marcin Kot , Adelajda Polkowska , Witold Brostow","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tribo-mechanical properties of Vancron 40 tool steel subjected to selected-multistage sequential surface treatments were investigated with the aim to optimize its wear resistance. The surface modifications included: heat treatment, mechanical processing (grinding/turning/slide burnishing) and gas nitriding. The lowest of both sample wear and dynamic friction were obtained for the materials subjected to sequential turning-burnishing-nitriding (TBN) processes. Microstructural observations confirmed that the subsurface plastic deformation (SSPD) within the nitrided layer was the main contributor to wear resistance. The specific wear rate for three-stage processed substrates was 4.1 mm<sup>3</sup>/Nm, a 15 % decrease, whereas the specific wear rate of the ball was 0.38 mm<sup>3</sup>/Nm, i.e. a three-fold increase as compared with conventional grinding-nitriding (GN). The dynamic friction was 0.57, hence 22 % lower than before. The improved tribo-mechanical properties reflect the synergy effect of mechanical processing procedures applied prior to nitriding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 206307"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 6.1 1区工程技术

Wear Pub Date : 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206303

Mazdak Parsi , Farshad Biglari , Shitiz Sehgal , Rupesh Reddy , Siamack A. Shirazi

{"title":"Self-similarity in normal jet impingement erosion: Gaussian collapse of profiles within a limited regime","authors":"Mazdak Parsi , Farshad Biglari , Shitiz Sehgal , Rupesh Reddy , Siamack A. Shirazi","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The potential for self-similarity in erosion patterns was investigated for a continuous normal particle-laden abrasive jet impingement geometry, where erosion is induced by solid particles suspended in a carrier fluid. Analysis of experimental data from the literature revealed that erosion profiles closely followed a Gaussian distribution across different operating conditions. Given this observation, the profiles were subsequently normalized and compared against the Scaled Normal Distribution to assess self-similarity.</div><div>Despite variations in operating conditions, the normalized erosion profiles exhibited strong self-similarity, aligning closely with the Scaled Normal Distribution. The dataset considered in the study included a range of material types, primarily ductile metals but also selected coated or brittle surfaces, to evaluate the robustness of the observed behavior.</div><div>These findings indicate that, under normal jet impingement with low depth-to-width ratios, erosion profiles can be described by a Gaussian-based scaling. This provides a foundation for erosion models applicable to normal particle-laden abrasive jet impingement in the tested regime.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"580 ","pages":"Article 206303"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144904079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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