中华流行病学杂志最新文献

{"title":"[Determination of influenza epidemic intensity thresholds for Tianjin using the moving epidemic method].","authors":"W J Chu, X C Dong, L Li, Jiawulan Zunong, S Cheng, F Z Yan, Y Zhang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20260126-00070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20260126-00070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To determine the threshold for influenza epidemic intensity during the 2024-2025 season in Tianjin using the moving epidemic method (MEM). <b>Methods:</b> Collect weekly data on the percentage of influenza-like illness cases (ILI%), positive detection rate of influenza virus (PR), and PR×ILI% from sentinel hospitals in Tianjin for 2017-2025. Establish an influenza early warning model using MEM, select the optimal value of parameter δ, compare model fitting performance, evaluate the reliability of the three types of data, and determine the threshold for influenza epidemic intensity in Tianjin for 2024-2025. Model selection employs cross-validation, with evaluation metrics including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, Matthews correlation coefficient, and Youden index. <b>Results:</b> The models based on PR and PR×ILI% showed better fitting effect than those based on ILI% alone, with the PR×ILI%-based model demonstrating the best performance. The MEM model constructed by using PR indicated that with δ set at 3.0, the epidemic start threshold for Tianjin in the 2024-2025 season was 16.05%, the end threshold was 19.68%, and the thresholds for medium, high, and very high epidemic intensity were 51.61%, 66.98%, and 75.16%, respectively. The model based on PR×ILI% showed that with δ set at 3.2, the epidemic start threshold was 105.23%, the end threshold was 128.08%, and the thresholds for medium, high, and very high epidemic intensity were 377.55%, 560.61%, and 667.64%, respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> The moving epidemic method can be used to determine the influenza epidemic intensity thresholds in Tianjin. The influenza early warning model established based on PR×ILI% data better reflects changes in influenza activity intensity, providing a reliable basis for early warning.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 9","pages":"1620-1627"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149009118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Molecular epidemiological characteristics of Sapovirus infection in pediatric diarrhea cases aged 5 years and under in Guangdong Province, 2022-2024].","authors":"C X Li, Y Yi, W Zhang, H R Zeng, B Q Liu, X L Zheng, B S Li","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20260407-00230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20260407-00230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze the incidence and genetic characteristics of Sapovirus infection in pediatric diarrhea cases aged ≤5 years in Guangdong Province. <b>Methods:</b> Epidemiological data and stool samples were collected from hospitalized children aged ≤5 years with diarrhea in Guangdong between January 2022 and December 2024. Sapovirus RNA detection from stool samples was conducted by using real-time RT-PCR, and partial VP1 region was amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic tree analysis was conducted to characterize the genotype of each sequence. Whole-genome sequencing of samples with predominant GⅠ.1 genotype were conducted to analyze its mutation features. <b>Results:</b> In 2 080 pediatric diarrhea cases aged ≤5 years, the positive rate of Sapovirus was 2.45% (51/2 080). The positive rate in boys and girls were 2.20% (28/1 271) and 2.84% (23/809) respectively. The positive rate was highest in age group 13-24 months (4.40%, 22/500), and the detection peak occurred during October-December. Partial VP1 gene sequences were obtained from 31 out of 51 cases, with the GⅠ.1 genotype being predominant (80.65%, 25/31). Phylogenetic analysis indicated close evolutionary relationships among GⅠ.1 strains. Whole-genome sequencing found some amino acid substitutions at multiple conserved sites in GⅠ.1 genotype, and its mutation characteristics were highly consistent with those of the strains circulating in recent years. <b>Conclusions:</b> From 2022 to 2024, Sapovirus infection caused diarrhea occasionally in children aged ≤5 years in Guangdong. Sapovirus GⅠ.1 was the predominant pathogen, and the strains had close evolutionary relationship. It is necessary to further strengthen local surveillance and molecular epidemiological characterization of Sapovirus to provide evidence for epidemic trend analysis and early warning of potential outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 9","pages":"1644-1649"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149009122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Current status of non-standardized follow-up management and related factors in HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy in Tianjin].","authors":"J Y Hou, H Gong, X Wang, F N Zhao, M H Yu, Z Q Liu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20260318-00168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20260318-00168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze the demographic characteristics of HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Tianjin, identify the factors associated with non-standardized follow-up management and provide evidence for the improvement of follow-up management strategies for HIV-infection. <b>Methods:</b> HIV-infected individuals receiving ART in Tianjin for ≥1 month were collected from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention from July 18, 2004 to December 31, 2024. The information about their demographic characteristics and ART duration were collected. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with non-standardized follow-up management. <b>Results:</b> A total of 7 201 eligible HIV-infected individuals were included, in whom 563 (7.8%) received non- standardized follow-up management. Multivariate analysis showed that the age ≥56 years was a negative factor for non-standardized follow-up management compared with ≤30 years (a<i>OR</i>=0.58, 95%<i>CI</i>: 0.39-0.88). Non-local household registration (a<i>OR</i>=1.53, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.28-1.84), being unmarried (a<i>OR</i>=1.85, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.40-2.45), being divorced/widowed (a<i>OR</i>=1.47, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.08-2.02), having educational level of college or above (a<i>OR</i>=1.35, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.07-1.71), ART duration of 1-5 years (a<i>OR</i>=2.53, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.58-4.05), and ART duration >5 years (a<i>OR</i>=1.85, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.16-2.97) were positive factors for non-standard follow-up management. HIV-infected individuals with non-standardized follow-up management had significantly lower follow-up adherence rates and viral load suppression rates compared with those with standardized follow-up management (<i>P</i><0.001). <b>Conclusions:</b> Non-standardized follow-up management was associated with age, household registration, marital status, educational level, and ART duration in HIV-infected individuals in Tianjin. It is suggested to strengthen follow-up interventions for HIV-infected individuals with non-local household registration, unmarried/divorced/widowed status, higher educational level, and ART duration ≥1 year.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 9","pages":"1650-1654"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149009137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Progress in research of association between bone mineral density and fracture in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].","authors":"M Zhang, W T He, Y X Wang, Y Q Gao, P Su, Y K Deng, T T Xu, Y Gao","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20260127-00073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20260127-00073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients have normal or even elevated bone mineral density, they still face increased risk for fracture, a phenomenon known as the \"Diabetes-bone mineral density paradox\". This paper summarizes current domestic and international evidences regarding changes in bone mineral density, fracture risk, and the potential underlying mechanisms in patients with T2DM. Existing studies indicate that bone mineral density changes in T2DM patients are heterogeneous. In contrast, evidence for an increased fracture risk is relatively consistent, especially for hip fractures. Potential mechanisms might involve enhanced bone formation associated with hyperinsulinemia, as well as the combined effects of advanced glycation end products accumulation, low bone turnover, microarchitectural deterioration, and impaired bone quality. The \"diabetes-bone mineral density paradox\" suggests that the assessment of diabetes-related bone fragility should not rely solely on bone mineral density, but also consider bone quality and bone microstructure parameters. Multidimensional prospective studies are needed in the future to further improve fracture risk assessment for patients with T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 9","pages":"1720-1724"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149009069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Surveillance for Japanese encephalitis in Henan Province, 2004-2025].","authors":"X Y Tang, Q L Chen, S Yan, Y Song, Z Y Li, S W Li, J J Pan, H F Wang, Y Ye","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20260211-00119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20260211-00119","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in Henan Province from 2004 to 2025, and the results of antibody among the healthy population and mosquito surveillance at sentinel sites in 2012. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; A descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted of JE case data in Henan Province from 2004 to 2025 obtained from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. In 2012, Luoyang and Xinyang Cities were selected as surveillance sites. Blood samples were collected from healthy individuals across eight age groups, and neutralizing antibodies against the JE virus were detected using a micro-plaque reduction neutralization test. Mosquito specimens were collected using the person-hour method to calculate mosquito density and isolate the JE virus. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; From 2004 to 2025, the incidence rate of JE in Henan Province decreased from 0.94/100 000 to 0.01/100 000, showing an overall downward trend average annual percentage change (AAPC)=-13.00% (95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;:-30.00% - -10.00%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.004). The cases mainly occurred from July to September (91.21%, 4 211/4 617). The distribution of cases was predominantly in the southern regions of Henan Province (Nanyang, Xinyang, Luoyang, Zhumadian, Zhoukou, and Shangqiu), accounting for 76.69% (3 541/4 617). Cases aged 0-14 years accounted for 78.32% (3 616/4 617), but the incidence in the population aged ≥15 years showed an increasing trend (AAPC=8.87%, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 4.76%-13.71%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001), with a particularly significant increase in those aged ≥40 years (AAPC=11.93%, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 7.32%-16.99%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001). In Luoyang City, cases aged ≥15 years accounted for 63.62% (376/591), significantly higher than the provincial average (21.68%, 1 001/4 617). The difference in the proportion of cases aged ≥15 years between Henan Province and Luoyang City was statistically significant (&lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt;²=471.69, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001). At surveillance sites in Luoyang City and Xinyang City in 2012, the positive rate of JE antibodies among the healthy population aged ≥15 years in Luoyang City was 53.28% (65/122), significantly lower than that in Xinyang City (91.34%, 116/127), which was consistent with the predominance of cases in the population aged ≥15 years in Luoyang City and cases aged 0-14 years in Xinyang City. The peak mosquito density in Luoyang City occurred in August, which was one month later than in Xinyang City, consistent with the peak JE incidence in Luoyang City occurring in September, one month later than that in Xinyang City. Five strains of genotype ⅠJE virus were isolated from mosquitoes in the two cities. &lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; From 2004 to 2025, the incidence of JE in Henan Province declined while the incidence in the ≥15 age group increased. The age distribution and temporal patterns of JE cases across regions were consistent with local antibody levels in the healthy population and the seasonal fluctuations of mosquito populat","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 8","pages":"1457-1463"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Research progress on the association between ultra-processed food consumption and cardio-metabolic risk factors in adolescents].","authors":"H L Xu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20251215-00899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20251215-00899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultra-processed foods (UPF) are manufactured from processed ingredients using techniques such as extrusion, hydrogenation, and hydroxylation. With their attractive packaging and convenience, UPF have gained popularity among adolescents and are even reshaping global dietary patterns. However, UPF are energy-dense, rich in additives, and lacking essential nutrients. Frequent consumption of UPF contributes to poor dietary quality in adolescents and has been linked to the onset and clustering of cardio-metabolic risk factors (CMRF). These CMRF not only increase the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) during adolescence but also significantly elevate the risk of CVD in adulthood. CVD remains the leading cause of disease burden worldwide. This review aims to review the global literature on adolescent UPF consumption, CMRF, their interrelationships, and underlying mechanisms to provide evidence for developing health education strategies to reduce UPF intake and prevent CVD among adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 8","pages":"1545-1551"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Association between initial antiretroviral therapy regimens and virological outcomes in HIV-infected individuals in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, 2006-2025].","authors":"X X Xing, T T Wang, T T Hua, Y L Xie, Q G Meng, C C Li, T L Chen, J Y Ren, N He, H J Lin","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20260227-00132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20260227-00132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze the association between the initial antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens and virological outcomes among HIV-infected individuals in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, 2006-2025. <b>Methods:</b> The data were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. The subjects were HIV-infected individuals in Taizhou from 2006 to 2025, who received ART for ≥24 weeks and underwent viral load testing ≥2 times. Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis was used to examine the association between the initial ART regimens and virological outcomes. <b>Results:</b> A total of 3 710 HIV-infected individuals were included. Apart from the two nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors backbone drugs, the proportions of selecting efavirenz (EFV), nevirapine (NVP), lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r), dolutegravir (DTG), and other drugs as the third drug were 80.22% (2 976/3 710), 15.12% (561/3 710), 1.32% (49/3 710), 1.08% (40/3 710), and 2.26% (84/3 710) respectively-205 individuals (5.53%) with virological failure. The <i>M</i>(<i>Q</i>₁, <i>Q</i>₃) follow-up time at the time of virological failure was 1.76 (1.36, 2.26) years, and the virological failure rate was 3.03/100 person-years. When grouped by ART regimens, the proportions of virological failure in the EFV group, NVP group, LPV/r group, DTG group, other group were 4.20% (125/2 976), 13.55% (76/561), 6.12% (3/49), 0.00% (0/40), and 1.19% (1/84), respectively. The virological failure rate in the NVP group was higher (<i>P</i><0.001). After adjusting for the educational level of the study subjects, initial CD4⁺T lymphocyte counts, initial viral load, time interval from diagnosis to ART initiation, and the year of ART initiation, the risk of virological failure in the NVP group was 4.93 times that of the [integrase inhibitors/protease inhibitors(INSTI/PI)] group (95%<i>CI</i>: 1.73-14.05), and 2.72 times that of the EFV group (95%<i>CI</i>: 1.92-3.85). <b>Conclusion:</b> Among HIV-infected individuals in Taizhou who received NVP-based initial ART regimens between 2006 and 2025, the risk of virological failure was higher than among those who received EFV-based or INSTI/PI-based regimens, suggesting that when formulating ART regimens in clinical practice, the use of regimens based on EFV or INSTI/PI should be given priority.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 8","pages":"1471-1477"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Research progress on early life protective factors for the developmental trajectories of children's internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems].","authors":"J H Huang, J Tong, F B Tao","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20251203-00864","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20251203-00864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The long-term upward trend in children's internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems has become increasingly prominent, exerting profound impacts on their physical growth and mental health, and has emerged as a major public health concern of global significance. Multiple factors, including genetics, psychosocial conditions, family environments, and early life conditions, influence these behavioral problems. Notably, the early life stage is a critical period for an individual's physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional development. The multiple protective factors inherent in this stage play a pivotal role in shaping the developmental trajectories of children's internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems, holding promise for effective intervention approaches to address their onset and progression. This study focuses on the developmental trajectories of internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems in children aged 2 to 12 years, aiming to thoroughly explore the epidemiological associations and intervention effects between these trajectories and early life protective factors, and to elaborate on the underlying biological mechanisms. It is expected to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and intervention of children's internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems, further promote social attention to early life protective factors and the developmental trajectories of behavioral problems, and thereby foster children's healthy psychological development.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 8","pages":"1527-1532"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Association of plasma exosomal miR-372-3p with type 2 diabetes mellitus].","authors":"Y H Zhang, X Y Ren, J Hou, X T Pan, Z J Xu, X Y Zhou, L L Li, C J Wang, X T Liu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20251225-00925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20251225-00925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To explore the association between plasma exosomal miR-372-3p level and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). <b>Methods:</b> Based on the \"Henan Rural Cohort\", a discovery set (5 pairs of newly diagnosed T2DM patients and controls matched by gender and age ±3 years) and a validation set (67 pairs of newly diagnosed T2DM patients and controls matched by the same conditions) were established. In the discovery set, small RNA sequencing was performed to screen for differentially expressed miRNAs. In the validation set, the plasma exosomal level of miR-372-3p was detected using quantitative real-time PCR. Conditional logistic regression models and linear regression analysis models were employed to assess the associations of plasma exosomal miR-372-3p level with T2DM and glucose metabolism indicators. Finally, GO functional annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were conducted on the predicted target genes of miR-372-3p. <b>Results:</b> In the discovery set, 32 known miRNAs were detected to have upregulated expression, among which the log₂Fold Change of miR-372-3p was 8.363. In the validation set, the relative expression level of plasma exosomal miR-372-3p of the T2DM group was higher than that of the control group (7.59 <i>vs.</i> 7.00, <i>P</i>=0.028). Furthermore, plasma exosomal miR-372-3p level was negatively associated with fasting insulin (FINS) (<i>r</i>₂ =-0.217, <i>P</i>=0.017) level and pancreatic β-cell function index [Homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β), <i>r</i>₂ =-0.242, <i>P</i>=0.008] level. After adjusting for relevant confounding factors, each 1-unit increase in the relative expression level of plasma exosomal miR-372-3p was associated with a 38.3% (<i>OR</i>=1.383, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.008-1.898) increase in the risk of T2DM, a decrease of 2.287 (<i>β</i>=-2.287, 95%<i>CI</i>: -4.164 - -0.410) in FINS level, and a decrease of 13.263 (<i>β</i>=-13.263, 95%<i>CI</i>: -22.972 - -3.554) in HOMA-β level. Bioinformatics analysis suggests that plasma exosomal miR-372-3p may play a role in the pathogenesis of T2DM by modulating the PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. <b>Conclusion:</b> The expression levels of plasma exosomal miRNAs of T2DM patients change, and the level of miR-372-3p is positively associated with T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 8","pages":"1513-1519"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Drug resistance of clinical <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> isolates and molecular characteristics of rifampicin-resistant isolates from elderly pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Beijing, 2024].","authors":"Y Deng, H H Miao, M D Pang, J Zhang, X Y Yang, S S Chen, J L Yi, Y X Ren, R F Fan, X X He, C Y Li, J Li","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20251111-00816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20251111-00816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze the drug resistance spectrum of clinical isolates of <i>Mycobacterium</i> (<i>M.</i>) <i>tuberculosis</i> and the mutations in drug resistance-related genes in the genomic sequences of rifampicin-resistant isolates from elderly pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients in Beijing in 2024. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 474 <i>M. tuberculosis</i> isolates from elderly pulmonary TB patients were included. Drug susceptibility testing against 10 anti-TB drugs was performed with microbroth dilution method. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed for 27 rifampicin-resistant isolates to systematically characterize resistance-associated gene mutations and genotype-phenotype consistency. <b>Results:</b> The total drug resistance rate was 24.26% in the 474 <i>M. tuberculosis</i> isolates. The resistance rate was significantly higher in retreatment patients (44.00%) than in new patients (23.16%), and a higher multidrug resistance rate was observed in men (6.75% <i>vs</i>. 2.03%). WGS revealed that all the rifampicin-resistant strains belonged to lineage 2 (East Asian lineage), with <i>rpoB</i> p.Ser450Leu (55.56%) being the most prevalent mutation. Consistency between WGS and phenotypic drug susceptibility was 96.30% for isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and rifampicin, but was low for ethambutol (22.22%). <b>Conclusions:</b> The drug resistance of <i>M. tuberculosis</i> was severe in elderly pulmonary TB patients in Beijing, which was associated with treatment history and gender. Rifampicin-resistant strains showed lineage 2 clustering, indicating a risk for local transmission. The resistance genotypes detected by WGS were highly consistent with the phenotypic drug susceptibility of isoniazid and pyrazinamide, but showed low consistency with ethambutol.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 8","pages":"1500-1505"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}