中华流行病学杂志最新文献

{"title":"[Advances in human papillomavirus vaccination research among HIV-infected patients].","authors":"Q Y Jiang, L Tang, D M Li","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250928-00689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250928-00689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HIV-infected patients are more susceptible to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection due to impaired immune function. Although HPV vaccines have demonstrated substantial preventive efficacy in HIV-negative populations, the characteristics of immune responses, protective efficacy, and optimal vaccination strategies in HIV-infected patients remain undefined. This review summarizes available evidence on the immunogenicity, protective efficacy, and safety of HPV vaccination among HIV-infected patients, and examines key influencing factors, including adjuvant types, vaccination schedules, and immune status. Additionally, factors affecting HPV vaccination uptake in this population are synthesized from individual, social, and healthcare service perspectives. Based on current evidence, it is recommended that HIV-infected patients be included in the priority population for HPV vaccination in China, with further exploration of individualized vaccination strategies tailored to immune status. Furthermore, it is suggested that vaccination coverage be improved through service integration and targeted health promotion.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 4","pages":"783-790"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Quality of life and influencing factors in patients with post-tuberculosis lung disease after rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis].","authors":"Y C Pan, J X Ning, W X Jiang, Y Q Zhang, X R Fei, L M Zhu, Q Liu, B Wang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250826-00605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250826-00605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To systematically evaluate the quality of life in patients with post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD) after rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis and comprehensively analyze its influencing factors. <b>Methods:</b> A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted involving patients with CT-confirmed PTLD between December 2024 and January 2025. Quality of life was assessed using the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Univariate analysis and generalized linear models were employed to explore influencing factors. <b>Results:</b> A total of 103 PTLD patients were included. The median (<i>Q</i>₁, <i>Q</i>₃) SGRQ score was 12.84(2.03, 25.44). SF-36 results indicated that the median (<i>Q</i>₁, <i>Q</i>₃) physical component summary (PCS) score [38.04 (33.98, 40.44)] was significantly lower than the mental component summary (MCS) score [43.37 (40.23, 47.58)]. 19.42% of patients exhibited family dysfunction, and 17.48% reported high levels of social support. A strong correlation was observed between the PCS and SGRQ, while the MCS score was significantly correlated with social support levels. Pulmonary function tests revealed that 64.08% of patients had various types of ventilatory dysfunction, with mixed ventilatory defect being the most common (33.00%). The median six-minute walk distance (6MWD) was 495.00 m. Generalized linear model analysis demonstrated that SGRQ scores were significantly influenced by economic status, cough and sputum production, bedaquiline-containing treatment regimens, and 6MWD. Forced expiratory volume in one second percent predicted was significantly associated with both SF-36 and SGRQ scores. <b>Conclusions:</b> Patients with rifampicin-resistant PTLD experience substantially impaired quality of life, influenced by a combination of physical, psychological, and social factors. Comprehensive intervention strategies targeting the economic burden, pulmonary rehabilitation, and social support are warranted to improve long-term outcomes in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 4","pages":"717-724"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of the association between CD4⁺T lymphocytes counts test index and immunological failure of antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected patients in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, from 2006 to 2024].","authors":"Y L Xie, Q G Meng, T T Hua, S L Wang, C C Li, G X Li, W W Shen, T L Chen, M C Wang, H J Lin, N He","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20251011-00712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20251011-00712","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To investigate the association between CD4⁺T lymphocytes (CD4) counts test index and immunological failure among HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective cohort study was conducted. A total of 4 609 HIV-infected patients aged 18 and above who received antiretroviral therapy (ART)were derived from Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System from 2006 to 2024.The CD4 counts test index was defined as the ratio of actual CD4 counts test times to theoretical test times, and were divided into four groups: 0.00-0.30 (extremely low detection group), 0.31-0.80 (low detection group), 0.81-1.20 (regular detection group), and ≥1.21 (enhanced detection group). Immunological failure was defined as the last CD4 counts after ART that did not exceed the baseline level or persistently below 100 cells/μl. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) and piecewise Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the dose-response relationship between the CD4 counts testing index and immunological failure. <b>Results:</b> Among 4 609 cases of HIV-infected patients, a non-linear U-shaped association was observed between the CD4 counts testing index and immunological failure (<i>P</i><0.001), with an inflection point at 0.93. Below 0.93, each 0.1-unit increase in the index was associated with a 29% reduction in the risk of immunological failure (a<i>HR</i>=0.71, 95%<i>CI</i>: 0.65-0.77). Above 0.93, each 0.1-unit increase was associated with a 13% increase in risk (a<i>HR</i>=1.13, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.09-1.16). Compared with the regular detection group, the risk of immunological failure was significantly higher in the extremely low, low, and enhanced detection groups. (a<i>HR</i>=7.60, 1.49, and 1.37, respectively). Subgroup analyses indicated that the association between a high testing index and immunological failure was positively correlated among patients with low BMI, sexual transmission, and low baseline CD4 counts levels. <b>Conclusions:</b> Among HIV-infected patients in Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province from 2006 to 2024, insufficient frequency of CD4 count testing or intensive testing based on clinical indications were both associated with the risk of immunological failure of ART. In the follow-up management of HIV-infected patients, on the basis of evaluating individual clinical indications and the efficacy of ART, the frequency of CD4 count testing should be reasonably arranged to provide precise and personalized ART and follow-up management plans for HIV-infected patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 4","pages":"642-648"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A retrospective study of the impact of interpregnancy interval on preterm birth].","authors":"X M Zhou, W Jiang, G J Wei, X M Xu, P N Lu, J J Li, D Luo, S Liu, L Q Mao","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250731-00542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250731-00542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To explore the impact of interpregnancy interval (IPI) after a singleton live birth on preterm birth based on natural IPI data. <b>Methods:</b> Data were obtained from the Guangxi Population Health Information Business Application Platform. The analysis included women with two consecutive singleton deliveries between 2018 and 2023 from 81 medical institutions in Nanning City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Maternal demographic characteristics and delivery outcome data were collected. The association between IPI and preterm birth was assessed using logistic regression model, with subgroup analyses stratified by maternal age, mode of delivery, and preterm birth (all in the previous pregnancy). Additionally, a restricted cubic spline model was applied to examine the dose-response relationship between IPI and the risk of preterm birth. <b>Results:</b> A total of 39 434 women with two consecutive singleton pregnancies and deliveries were included in this study. Of these, 2 055 (5.2%) experienced a preterm birth in the subsequent delivery. Compared with an IPI of 18-23 months, the risk of preterm birth was significantly increased by 90% (<i>OR=</i>1.90, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.53-2.33) for IPI <6 months and by 21% (<i>OR</i>=1.21, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.04-1.41) for IPI of 6-11 months. This significantly elevated risk associated with short IPIs was observed across most subgroups. Among women with an IPI of ≥36 months, those who delivered vaginally had a 30% (<i>OR</i>=1.30, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.04-1.63) increased risk of preterm birth. Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed an L-shaped dose-response relationship between IPI and the risk of preterm birth. The lowest risk was observed with IPIs ranging from 16 to 27 months. <b>Conclusions:</b> A short IPI is a risk factor for preterm birth. When providing preconception medical services across different populations, greater emphasis should be placed on assessing maternal age, prior pregnancy, and delivery history. Additionally, postpartum care should include personalized guidance to maintain an optimal IPI, thereby reducing the risk of preterm birth and improving maternal and infant health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 4","pages":"725-730"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Survey on awareness of respiratory syncytial virus and influencing factors among pregnant and postpartum women in Pudong New Area of Shanghai].","authors":"W M Liu, D D Yang, C P Zhou, Y F Wu, L B Yang, P F Deng","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250818-00586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250818-00586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To evaluate the awareness status and influencing factors of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) among pregnant and postpartum women in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, providing evidence for precise interventions. <b>Methods:</b> Using a cross-sectional design, pregnant women and mothers of infants aged <12 months were selected through sampling from 1 maternity hospital, 1 general hospital, and 10 community health centers in Pudong New Area during November 2024 to January 2025. Questionnaires collected socio-demographic characteristics, RSV knowledge levels (8 objective questions), and risk perception data via electronic forms for statistical analysis. <b>Results:</b> Among the 983 participants, 37.33% had never heard of RSV, and 52.49% exhibited a low RSV knowledge level. Participants from the maternity hospital had a higher proportion of high RSV knowledge levels than those from community health centers and the general hospital. Higher education attainment and higher annual household income were associated with a higher RSV knowledge level. Those engaged in healthcare-related work (either themselves or family members) also had higher levels of knowledge. Participants without chronic diseases had a higher RSV knowledge level than those with chronic diseases. Those who had never heard of RSV had the lowest level of knowledge. Additionally, 28.38% believed their children were at risk of RSV infection, and 36.02% considered RSV infection to be serious or very serious for their children. A higher RSV knowledge level was significantly associated with increased perceived susceptibility (<i>OR</i>=2.21, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.58-3.09) and perceived severity (<i>OR=</i>1.49, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.14-1.94). Pregnant women (<i>OR</i>=1.52, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.16-2.00) and participants with chronic diseases (<i>OR</i>=2.03, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.07-3.84) reported higher perceived severity of infection. <b>Conclusion:</b> The RSV knowledge level among pregnant and postpartum women in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, is generally low, highlighting the need to strengthen health education regarding RSV-related knowledge.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 4","pages":"681-689"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Association of triglyceride glucose index and its combination with obesity indicators with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in community residents of Songjiang District, Shanghai].","authors":"L X Yang, J Li, J G Yu, W Wang, Q Wang, J D Xu, Y G Jiang, G M Zhao, Y L Wu, X Liu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250725-00525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250725-00525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To investigate the associations of the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) and its combination with obesity indicators such as BMI, WC, and WHtR with the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in a community-based population. <b>Methods:</b> Using baseline data from the Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank in Songjiang District during 2016-2017, multivariable logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the associations of the TyG index and its combination with obesity indicators with MASLD. Stratified analyses by sex and age, as well as interaction analyses, were conducted. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were applied to explore the nonlinear relationships between these indices and MASLD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and DeLong's test were used to evaluate the discriminative ability of these indices for MASLD in community residents. <b>Results:</b> Among 33 478 study participants, 12 593 met the diagnostic criteria for MASLD (37.6%). Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that compared with <i>Q</i>₁, the <i>Q</i>₄ groups had a significantly increased risk of MASLD, with <i>OR</i>s and 95% <i>CI</i> of 45.08 (40.20-50.56) for TyG-BMI, 36.78 (32.94-41.06) for TyG-WC, 35.05 (31.34-39.20) for TyG-WHtR and 5.34 (4.89-5.82) for TyG. Compared with the normal weight group, the obese group had a significantly increased risk of MASLD, with an <i>OR</i> of 14.02 (95%<i>CI</i>: 12.85-15.29). Compared with the non-central obesity group, the central obesity group (defined as WC >90 cm for men, >85 cm for women, or WHtR >0.5) showed an elevated risk of MASLD, with <i>OR</i>s of 4.88 (95%<i>CI</i>: 4.62-5.16) based on WC and 5.66 (95%<i>CI</i>: 5.34-6.01) based on WHtR, respectively. RCS analysis revealed nonlinear relationships between TyG and its combination with obesity indices and MASLD prevalence across different sex and age groups (overall <i>P</i><0.001, nonlinearity <i>P</i><0.001). ROC showed that compared with TyG index alone [area under the curve (AUC)=0.716] or single obesity indices (BMI: AUC=0.798, WC: AUC=0.764, WHtR: AUC=0.764), the three TyG-obesity combined indices (TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR) exhibited superior discriminative ability, with AUC values of 0.824 for TyG-BMI, 0.800 for TyG-WC, and 0.799 for TyG-WHtR. <b>Conclusion:</b> TyG and its combination with obesity indices are closely associated with MASLD prevalence and may have significant potential for community-based MASLD screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 4","pages":"690-699"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Progress in epidemiological research of non-traditional risk factors for esophageal cancer].","authors":"J J Feng, J Zhang, S Y Z Qi, S J Wu, C J Yang, T Fang, C B Lin","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250623-00421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250623-00421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Esophageal cancer is a malignancy to cause heavy global disease burden, the research of traditional risk factors, such as smoking, alcohol use, can not fully explain the heterogeneity of region specific incidence and molecular diversity of esophageal cancer. Traditional risk factor research usually focus on isolated effects of individual factor, neglecting interaction of multi factors on subtypes of esophageal cancer, and the exposure assessment of traditional risk factor research can not quantify the actual biological doses of potential risk factors, such as micronutrient deficiency and region-specific environmental pollutant exposure. Advancements in multi-omics technologies (including exposomics and genomics) have identified emerging risk factors, which have not been formally classified as established risk factors for esophageal cancer by International Agency for Research on Cancer, but revealed the non-traditional risk factors (potential carcinogenic mechanisms or population-level associations) of esophageal cancer in the past decade, including oral microorganism dysbiosis, perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substance exposures, and circadian disruption. This paper systematically summarizes the progress in epidemiological research of these factors to provide novel perspectives for the precise prevention and control of esophageal cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 3","pages":"569-576"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147514887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis on recent HIV infection and related factors in men who have sex with men in Yunnan Province, 2018-2024].","authors":"Z Y Zhang, L J Song, H C Chen, X M Jin, M Y Xiao, X H Li, L R Fu, Y H Shi, M Chen","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250603-00369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250603-00369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To understand recent HIV infection and related factors in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Yunnan Province from 2018 to 2024, and provide references for the development of AIDS prevention and control strategies and the evaluation of prevention and control effects in populations at high risk. <b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional study design was adopted to conduct recent HIV infection surveillance in local MSM from April to June 2008 to 2024, and restriction antigen affinity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (LAg-Avidity EIA) was used for recent HIV infection detection. The annual percentage change and average annual percentage change (AAPC) were used to describe the change trends of HIV positive rate and the rate of recent HIV infection, and unconditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of recent HIV infection. The data were processed by using Excel 2020 and analyzed by using software SPSS 19.0. <b>Results:</b> From 2018 to 2024, a total of 11 524 HIV tests in MSM were completed, and HIV positive rate was 5.68% (655/11 524). The HIV positive rate decreased from 5.98% in 2018 to 4.38% in 2024 (AAPC=-5.23%, <i>P</i><0.001). A total of 174 samples for recent HIV infection cases were tested, and 94 cases were identified as recent HIV infection. The recent HIV infection rate was 2.38% (1.85%-2.80%), which decreased from 5.31% in 2018 to 0.71% in 2024 (AAPC=-31.34%,<i>P</i>=0.005). The target group were mainly individuals aged 20 to 29, the unmarried, those living in Yunnan, those with a college degree or above, those in Han ethnic group, those having local residence for at least six months, and those seeking sexual partners through the Internet or social media. The positive correlation factors for recent HIV infection in MSM included poor awareness of AIDS related knowledge (a<i>OR</i>=2.92, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.18-7.22) and failure to consistently use condoms at anal sex in past six months (a<i>OR</i>=8.19, 95%<i>CI:</i> 5.15-13.01), drug use (a<i>OR</i>=4.74, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.04-21.48), and no HIV test in last year (a<i>OR</i>=1.79, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.07-2.99). <b>Conclusions:</b> From 2018 to 2024, the HIV positive rate and recent HIV infection rate showed downward trends in MSM in Yunnan. It is suggested to strengthen disease warning and health education for young people, and continuously carry out high-risk behavior intervention for MSM and monitoring of recent HIV infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 3","pages":"528-533"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147515312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis on avian influenza virus contamination in poultry related environment in Shaanxi Province, 2020-2024].","authors":"B Chen, J Xu, P Ma, N N He, Y Meng, L Zhang, J J Zhang, P B Yu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250901-00616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250901-00616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze the contamination of avian influenza virus (AIV) in poultry related environment in Shaanxi Province, and provide reference for the improvement of local avian influenza prevention and control. <b>Methods:</b> The relevant environments in 10 prefecture-level cities in Shaanxi from 2020 to 2024 (including urban and rural live poultry markets, large-scale poultry breeding farms, areas with small-scale poultry breeding houses, and slaughter houses and processing plants, <i>etc</i>.), were selected as surveillance points. External environmental samples such as poultry manure, surface swabs of poultry cages, poultry drinking water, and swabs of chopping boards were collected monthly. The subtypes of AIV were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR, and finally descriptive analysis was conducted according to the surveillance time, area, site and sample type. Statistical analysis was performed by using software SPSS 25.0. <b>Results:</b> The annual average positive rate of AIV in poultry related environments was 3.54% (466/13 152) in Shaanxi from 2020 to 2024. Exhibiting two distinct positive rate peaks, with slight variation with years. AIV was mainly detected in the Loess Plateau area in northern Shaanxi (8.10%, 221/2 728) and the Qinba Mountain area in southern Shaanxi (3.34%, 121/3 622). The surveillance sites with relatively high positive rates included urban and rural live poultry markets (7.50%, 219/2 920) and poultry slaughtering and processing houses (7.19%, 32/445). The sample types with relatively high positive rates included swabs of chopping boards (10.95%, 81/740) and poultry cleaning wastewater (7.39%, 37/501), the differences were significant (<i>P</i><0.001). In the positive samples, H9N2 virus was detected in all years, indicating that it was the most common subtype (81.76%, 381/466). <b>Conclusions:</b> From 2020 to 2024, the contamination of H9N2 AIV existed widely in poultry related environments in Shaanxi. The urban and rural live poultry markets and poultry slaughtering and processing houses in the Loess Plateau area in northern Shaanxi and the southern Qinba Mountain area in southern Shaanxi were the key places for the prevention and control avian influenza. It is necessary to strengthen the surveillance for the contamination of AIV in the poultry related environments. In the areas with high incidences, active and effective intervention measures should be taken in the places at high risk to reduce the risk of avian influenza outbreaks in humans and poultry.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 3","pages":"515-519"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147515364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Spontaneous HBsAg seroclearance and its determinants in chronic HBV-infected individuals without antiviral treatment].","authors":"J Qian, J Jiang, Y J Chen, L G Zhu, C He, G F Fu, X J Zhai","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250730-00538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250730-00538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To clarify the incidence and influencing factors of spontaneous HBsAg seroclearance in community-based chronic HBV-infected individuals. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 5 649 individuals who had never received antiviral treatment were included in this long-term follow-up cohort study. A Fine-Gray competing risk model (F-G model) was used to estimate HBsAg seroclearance incidence and analyze the factors influencing spontaneous HBsAg seroclearance. <b>Results:</b> By the end of 2023 follow-up, a total of 707 participants had achieved spontaneous HBsAg seroclearance in 48 144 person-years of follow-up with the seroclearance rate of 1.47/100 person-years. Analysis using the F-G model demonstrated a higher likelihood of HBsAg seroclearance among: males [sub-distribution hazard ratio (<i>sHR</i>)=1.48, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.21-1.81, <i>P</i><0.001], individuals aged 60 years and above (<i>sHR</i>=2.19, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.21-3.95, <i>P=</i>0.009), obese individuals (<i>sHR</i>=1.38, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.09-1.74, <i>P=</i>0.007) and HBV DNA-negative individuals (<i>sHR</i>=7.42, 95%<i>CI</i>: 3.89-14.20, <i>P</i><0.001). Participants with slow decline, slow increase, or significant increase in HBV DNA level had a lower likelihood of HBsAg seroclearance compared to those with significant decline (all <i>P</i><0.05). Those with high-normal or fluctuating ALT had a lower likelihood of HBsAg seroclearance compared to those with persistently low-normal ALT (both <i>P</i><0.001). <b>Conclusions:</b> The spontaneous HBsAg seroclearance rate in chronic HBV-infected individuals was relatively low. In the context of expanded antiviral treatment, more strict ALT treatment threshold can be adopted, and the ALT level and HBV DNA level should be continuously monitored to promote HBsAg seroclearance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 3","pages":"465-472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147515081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}