中华流行病学杂志最新文献

{"title":"[Prevalence of peer-recommended HIV self-testing in men who have sex with men].","authors":"M N Tan, Y C Qiu, C Jia, P Lyu, J Xu, C Zhou","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241218-00812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241218-00812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To understand the prevalence of peer-recommended self-HIV testing in men who have sex with men (MSM), and provide clue for identifying key individuals who can promote self-HIV testing. <b>Methods:</b> Data were derived from the self-HIV testing kits application system operated by Shijiazhuang Tongxing Non-Governmental Organization from July 1, 2022 to May 31, 2024. Statistical analysis was conducted by using software SPSS 29.0, and <i>χ</i>² test was used to analyze differences between groups. Visual analysis of recommendation networks was performed by using software yEd Graph Editor 3.24. <b>Results:</b> A total of 1 574 MSM applied for HIV self-testing kits. The majority of the MSM were unmarried (74.7%), with education level of college or abvoe (65.5%), and employed (53.2%). Among them, 54.8% (862/1 574) reported consistent condom use at each sex in the past three months, while 37.2% (585/1 574) uploaded their HIV test results. Additionally, 53 MSM (3.4%) recommended self-HIV testing to other MSM. Notably, MSM aged ≥30 years and MSM who had occasional condoms use at each sex in the past three months were more likely to recommend self-HIV testing to other MSM. The 53 MSM collectively recommended self-HIV testing to another 740 MSM, the average was 13.9 MSM recommended by 1 MSM. Among MSM who accepted recommendation, 3 HIV-positive cases were identified, indicating that 1 HIV infection was detected by 17.7 recommendations. In the four-round recommendation, 10 MSM participated in more than one round recommendation, all of them were HIV prevention volunteers. Others only participating in one round were common MSM. Eleven MSM recommended self-HIV testing to two or more MSM. <b>Conclusions:</b> Peer-recommendation has high efficiency in the promotion of self-HIV testing, with HIV prevention volunteers serving as the primary force and the common MSM acting as a supportive force. Future efforts should be made to fully use key individuals to promote self-HIV testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 7","pages":"1243-1248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Study of school influenza epidemic prediction based on Bayesian Structural Time Series model and multi-source data integration].","authors":"H Y Sun, Q Y Lyu, F J Chen, H L Wang, Y P Cheng, Z G Chen, Z Zhang, L Yin, X Zou","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241120-00736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241120-00736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze the spatiotemporal correlation between the surveillance data of influenza in students reported by medical institutions and school absenteeism due to illness, and evaluate the application of Bayesian Structural Time Series model (BSTS) in the prediction of school influenza epidemic. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 13 schools in Dapeng new district of Shenzhen were selected. The incidence data of influenza in schools in Shenzhen from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019 were collected from China Disease Control and Prevention Information System and the illness related school absentence data during this period were collected from Shenzhen Student Health Surveillance System, and the spatiotemporal correlation between the data from two systems was analyzed and compared. BSTS was used to make long-term predictions of the monthly incidence of influenza in students in 2019 and short-term predictions of the weekly incidence of influenza in week 1-8 and week 45-52 of 2019 by using the data from two systems. <b>Results:</b> There was a temporal correlation between the data from China Disease Control and Prevention Information System and the data from Shenzhen Student Health Surveillance System (<i>r</i>=0.93, <i>P</i><0.001), and the lag of the former one was 1 day (<i>r</i>=0.73, <i>P</i><0.001). Influenza outbreaks were randomly distributed in different schools in Shenzhen, and there was no spatial correlation. The root mean square error (<i>RMSE</i>) and mean absolute error (<i>MAE</i>) were 0.35 and 0.28, respectively, in the long-term prediction, and the <i>RMSE</i> was 0.33 and 0.34, and the <i>MAE</i> was 0.26 and 0.28, respectively, in the short-term predictions of week 1-8 and week 45-52 of 2019, respectively, showing good prediction accuracy and fitting effect. <b>Conclusion:</b> By analyzing the data from China Disease Control and Prevention Information System and Shenzhen Student Health Surveillance System with BSTS, the dynamics of the school influenza epidemic can be accurately predicted, and effective technical support can be provided for the early warning and prevention and control of influenza epidemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 7","pages":"1188-1195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Utilization of pre-exposure prophylaxis service against HIV and related factors in young men who have sex with men in Hangzhou].","authors":"J Jin, K Xu, X H Pan, Q Q Ma, L Wang, J F Chen","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250113-00031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250113-00031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze the utilization of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) service against HIV and related factors in young men who have sex with men (MSM) in Hangzhou. <b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional study design was used in this questionnaire survey in young MSM recurited through local MSM social organization in Hangzhou from September 2022 to March 2023. The estimated sample size was 242. The information about the social-demographic characteristics, behavioral characteristics, utilization of the post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) service, awareness and utilization of PrEP service of the young MSM were collected. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of the PrEP utilization. <b>Results:</b> A total of 273 young MSM aged 16- 24 years were surveyed in the study. A total for 20.1% (55/273) of them had used PrEP service. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the factors related to PrEP service utilization included age 16-20 years (a<i>OR</i>=3.03, 95%<i>CI</i>:1.12-8.20), education level of senior high school or below (a<i>OR</i>=2.83, 95%<i>CI</i>:1.09-7.35), full-time/part-time work (a<i>OR</i>=3.25, 95%<i>CI:</i> 1.26-8.38), homosexual activity in the past 6 months (a<i>OR</i>=6.71, 95%<i>CI</i>:1.84-24.55), inquiring medical staff about PrEP (a<i>OR</i>=4.71, 95%<i>CI</i>:1.99-11.13) and PEP service use (a<i>OR</i>=6.09, 95%<i>CI</i>:2.69-13.81). <b>Conclusions:</b> The utilization rate of PrEP service was low in young MSM in Hangzhou. It is necessary to strengthen the health education about PrEP and improve the undertanding of PrEP and service capability of medical staff to promote the utilization of PrEP service in young MSM.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 7","pages":"1249-1254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Epidemiological characteristics of injury deaths in local residents in Nanjing, 2009-2023].","authors":"T Zhang, Q Y Huang, S M Sun, W W Wang, X Hong, H F Yang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241111-00713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241111-00713","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To understand the epidemiological characteristics of injury deaths in local residents in Nanjing from 2009 to 2023, and provide evidence for the development of injury prevention and control strategies. <b>Methods:</b> The injury mortality data in Nanjing from 2009 to 2023 were analyzed based on the death cause surveillance system. In the recorded 33 542 injury death cases, 19 906 (59.35%) were men, and 13 636 (40.65%) were women. The crude mortality rate, age-standardized mortality rate, age-specific mortality rate, cause-eliminated life expectancy (CELE), potential gains in life expectancy (PGLEs) and life loss rate, were calculated. Joinpoint 5.0 software was used to estimate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) and its 95%<i>CI</i> to assess temporal trends of injury deaths. <b>Results:</b> In Nanjing, the crude injury mortality rate showed an upward trend (AAPC=2.11%), while the age-standardized mortality rate exhibited a downward trend (AAPC=-1.27%) from 2009 to 2023. The ranking of injury deaths in all causes of death declined from the 4^th in 2009 to the 6^th in 2023. The crude and age-standardized injury mortality rates in men were consistently higher than those in women. The primary cause of injury deaths was fall (31.42%). Drowning was the primary cause of injury deaths in age group 0-14 years (35.94%), while traffic accident was the primary cause in age group 15-64 years. For residents aged ≥65 years, fall was the primary cause of injury deaths. From 2009 to 2023, the CELE (AAPC=0.61%, 95%<i>CI</i>: 0.34%-0.89%, <i>P</i><0.05) and the PGLEs (AAPC=1.73%, 95%<i>CI</i>: 0.21%-3.29%, <i>P</i><0.05) showed increasing trends. The PGLEs and life loss rate due to injury were consistently higher in men than in women, but the AAPC of PGLEs and life loss rate was higher in women. <b>Conclusions:</b> From 2009 to 2023, the age-standardized injury mortality rate decreased, but the life loss due to injury deaths showed an upward trend in Nanjing, indicating that injury still has non-negligible negative impact on life expectancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 7","pages":"1196-1203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Current management status of real-world studies in medical institutions in China].","authors":"Z Z Pan, H Fang, J T Du, H Y Huang, Y Xie, Z Yin, N Li, S Y Zhan","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241120-00738","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241120-00738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze the current management status of real-world studies (RWS) in the medical institutions in China and suggest improvement focus for the management optimization. <b>Methods:</b> Surveys were conducted in 81 medical institutions nationwide. Convenience sampling was used to recruit survey subjects, and data were collected through self-administered questionnaires, followed by statistical analysis using descriptive methods. <b>Results:</b> The survey results indicated that 92.6% (75/81) of the medical institutions surveyed had undertaken RWS projects, with electronic medical records being the primary data source (89.3%, 67/75). Retrospective and prospective observational studies were the main types of study designs. Additionally, 96.3% (78/81) of the research subjects indicated that their medical institution expressed willingness to participate in or undertake RWS projects in the future. In terms of management, all types of RWS projects were managed by clinical trial center (24.0, 18/75), but differences existed in the management practices among medical institutions. Moreover, the challenges in data quality and standardization, study design and staff training, data and privacy protection and information technology support appeared in the management of RWS projects. <b>Conclusions:</b> It suggests to optimize the management processes of RWS projects in medical institutions and improve relevant laws and regulations to promote the development of RWS in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 7","pages":"1255-1261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of developmental function in 32 511 children with global developmental delay].","authors":"N N Xiong, Z J Cui, M Zhao, J Du, S J Li, M H Li, Y Y Lu, A M Liang, Y Ma","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240914-00577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240914-00577","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; The clinical symptoms of children with global developmental delay (GDD) were analyzed to provide the scientific basis for the intervention of children with GDD. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; The results of the neuro-psychobehavioral scale were collected from 32 511 children with GDD from June 2020 to November 2023. Inclusion criteria: Children diagnosed with GDD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-V, ages 0.0 to 4.9 years. Exclusion criteria: children with common hearing impairment and visual impairment. The Chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; There were more boys than girls with GDD in outpatient clinics (68.2% &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. 31.8%). Among the children, the proportion of developmental delay in 5, 4, 3, and 2 domains was 31.1%, 23.4%, 22.9% and 22.6% respectively. The rate of delay in 2-3 domains was lower in boys (41.9%) than in girls (53.1%). The rate of delay in 4-5 domains was higher in boys (58.1%) than in girls (46.9%) (&lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=352.11, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001). Overall, outpatient GDD decreased with age. From 1.0-1.9 to 4.0-4.9 years of age, the proportion of children with developmental delay in 5 domains increased with age (18.2%, 36.4%, 43.9%, 52.4%). Among children aged 0.0-0.9 years, the proportion of 2 domains of developmental delay was higher (33.4%).Among children aged 1.0-1.9 years, the proportion of 2-3 domains of developmental delay was higher (30.7%). Among children aged 2.0-, 3.0-, 4.0-4.9 years, the proportion of developmental delay in 5 domains was higher (36.4%, 43.9%, 52.4%). In children with GDD, the fine motor delay occurred most frequently (85.1%), followed by social self-care (83.9%), language (79.0%), adaptation (62.3%), and gross motor (52.8%). The frequency of developmental delays in fine motor, adaptability, language, and social self-care in boys was higher than that in girls (&lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=161.37, &lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=41.10, &lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=320.90, &lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;=238.54, all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001). The age groups with the highest delay incidence of gross motor, fine motor, adaptability, language, and social self-care were: 4.0-4.9 years (70.6%), 3.0-3.9 years (97.4%), 4.0-4.9 years (81.2%), 2.0-2.9 years (90.9%),2.0-2.9 years (95.4%). The proportions of fine motor delay in GDD children aged 0.0-0.9, 3.0-3.9 and 4.0-4.9 years were (74.5%, 97.4%, 96.8%) and the proportions of social self-care delay in GDD children aged 1.0- and 2.0-2.9 years were (92.1%, 95.4%). Peripheral and mild developmental delays were predominant in children with GDD. The proportion of severe language delay (6.4%) was higher than that in other fields. &lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; The proportion of GDD children with developmental delay in 4-5 domains was 54.5%. The most frequent domain of delay was fine motor. The frequencies of developmental delays in fine motor skills, adaptability, language, and social self-care in boys were higher than in girls. Most of the develo","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 6","pages":"1051-1057"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of the trend in the burden of tuberculosis in China from 1990 to 2021].","authors":"J J Ma, T J Zhang, S H Yu, Q L Zhao","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240812-00497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240812-00497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To assess the burden and development trends of tuberculosis (TB) in China from 1990 to 2021 to provide a reference for TB prevention strategies. <b>Methods:</b> Utilizing the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study data, the study evaluates the burden of TB and latent TB infection (LTBI) in China using age-standardized incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and infection rates. The Joinpoint regression model was employed to analyze changing trends, and the autoregressive moving average model was integrated to forecast multidrug-resistant TB incidence and LTBI infection rates from 2022 to 2030. <b>Results:</b> In 2021, the age-standardized TB incidence in China was 36.28 per 100 000, the age-standardized prevalence was 30 557.45 per 100 000, the age-standardized DALY rate was 76.22 per 100 000, and the LTBI age-standardized infection rate was 30.48%. Compared to 1990, these figures dropped by 66.72%, 2.82%, 89.41%, and 2.47%, respectively. The age-standardized incidence, prevalence, DALY rate, and infection rate were elevated in individuals aged ≥70 years, and the TB burden was greater in males than in females. The age-standardized TB incidence declined between 1990 and 2021, while the proportion of multidrug-resistant TB patients among newly diagnosed cases, nationwide rose from 3.11% (36 367/1 167 807) in 1990 to 4.12% (25 431/617 725) in 2021. The LTBI age-standardized infection rate exhibited a fluctuating declining trend, averaging a decrease of 0.09%. Predictions for 2022-2030 indicate that China's multidrug-resistant TB incidence will decline slowly, and the LTBI infection rate will initially rise and then gradually fall, reaching 1.10/100 000 and 31.11%, respectively, by 2030. <b>Conclusions:</b> The TB burden in China declined from 1990 to 2021, but TB prevalence and LTBI infection rates remain high, especially among multidrug-resistant cases, males, and the elderly. Implementing systematic LTBI interventions, enhancing early detection/diagnosis in key populations such as the elderly, and promoting short-course treatments are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 6","pages":"951-959"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Correlation between serum uric acid-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and risk of all-cause death or cardiovascular disease death in urban and rural elderly of Beijing].","authors":"X X Ye, S S Wang, S M Chen, J H Yang, Y T Shi, H H Li, Y H Bao, W C Wang, S Y Du, Y H Wan, J H Wang, S S Yang, M Liu, Y He","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241225-00823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241225-00823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze the correlation between serum uric acid-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (UHR) and risk of all-cause death or cardiovascular disease (CVD) death among urban and rural elderly in Beijing. <b>Methods:</b> Based on the Beijing Healthy Aging Cohort Study, 9 022 participants with complete baseline data were enrolled, and their survival and death outcomes were followed up. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression model were used to analyze the associations between the UHR level and the risks of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality. <b>Results:</b> As of March 31, 2021, the median follow-up time <i>M</i>(<i>Q</i>₁,<i>Q</i>₃) was 6.18 (5.36, 6.75) years. There were 1 166 all-deaths, with a death density of 19.26 per 1 000 person-years, and 562 CVD deaths, with a death density of 9.28 per 1 000 person-years. After adjusting sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle factors, multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression model showed that the risk of all-cause mortality increased by 3% (<i>HR</i>=1.03, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.02-1.04) and the risk of CVD mortality increased by 4% (<i>HR</i>=1.04, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.02-1.06) for every 1% increase in UHR. Compared with the <i>T</i>₁ group of UHR tertiles, the <i>T</i>₃ group had a 42% increase in the risk of all-cause death (<i>HR</i>=1.42, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.22-1.66) and a 53% increase in the risk of CVD death (<i>HR</i>=1.53, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.21-1.94). <b>Conclusions:</b> The UHR level is significantly associated with the risks of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality among urban and rural older adults in Beijing. The UHR level may be one of the potential predictors of death risk in community-dwelling older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 6","pages":"986-993"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of pathogen distribution and epidemiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children from 2019-2023].","authors":"G Q Zhang, Y Zhang, B Peng, C M Zhu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250111-00029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250111-00029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To understand the pathogen distribution characteristics of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTI) in hospitalized children in the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Center for Chlidren's Health, Capital Medical University from 2019 to 2023, and to analyze their epidemiological features. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective analysis was conducted, including 5 558 children aged 0-18 years who were hospitalized and diagnosed with ALRTI in the respiratory department of Capital Center for Chlidren's Health, Capital Medical University from December 8, 2019, to December 31, 2023. Nasopharyngeal swabs, sputum, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens were collected for pathogen detection. <b>Results:</b> Among the 5 558 ALRTI hospitalized children, the positive detection rate of pathogens was 81.81% (4 547/5 558). In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens, Mycoplasma pneumoniae had the highest detection rate (33.52%), while Streptococcus pneumoniae had the highest detection rate (24.38%) in upper respiratory tract specimens. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (54.21%, <i>χ</i>²=1 034.58, <i>P</i><0.001) and adenovirus (5.09%, <i>χ</i>²=10.84, <i>P</i>=0.013) were most common in school-age children, human rhinovirus was more common in toddlers (26.42%, <i>χ</i>²=122.36, <i>P</i><0.001), and respiratory syncytial virus had the highest infection rate in infants (28.61%, <i>χ</i>²=326.47, <i>P</i><0.001). A total of 52.06% of the children had mixed infections (2 367/4 547), with the highest proportion of mixed infections in infants (62.54%). During the post- non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) period, the proportions of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (69.88% <i>vs.</i> 58.16%), human rhinovirus (30.37% <i>vs.</i> 14.02%), adenovirus (51.16% <i>vs.</i> 6.45%), influenza A virus (36.46% <i>vs.</i> 16.67%), and mixed infections (33.33% <i>vs.</i> 19.04%) in school-age children were significantly higher than during the NPIs period. In contrast, the proportions of respiratory syncytial virus (33.19% <i>vs.</i> 19.42%), adenovirus (11.29% <i>vs.</i> 4.65%), and mixed infections (17.75% <i>vs.</i> 10.89%) in infants were significantly lower than during the NPIs period. <b>Conclusion:</b> NPIs have changed the detection rate and epidemiology of respiratory pathogens in hospitalized children. After the end of NPIs, outbreaks of some pathogens may occur, so it is necessary to strengthen rapid pathogen detection, population surveillance, and health education.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 6","pages":"1036-1042"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Changes of hemagglutinin gene characteristics of influenza virus A(H3N2) during the 2022-2024 influenza season in Beijing].","authors":"D T Zhang, X M Peng, L Zhang, J C Zhao, J Xun, Y H Chu, L Zou, L L Ji, P Yang, Q Y Wang, G L Lu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240807-00481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240807-00481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze the changes in the phylogenetic and antigenic characteristics of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of influenza virus A(H3N2) [A(H3N2)] during the 2022-2024 influenza seasons in Beijing. <b>Methods:</b> The data of influenza-like cases and A(H3N2) strains from 17 network laboratories and their corresponding sentinel hospitals were collected during the 2022-2024 influenza seasons. The HA genes were amplified and sequenced after extracting nucleic acids of the chosen virus strains. BioEdit, the nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity were conducted, and the maximum likelihood method in MEGA 5.0 software was used to construct the phylogenetic tree of HA genes. Web Logo displayed the amino acid mutation, and the N-glycosylation sites of HA online were analyzed using the NetNGlyc1.0 Server online. The Datamonkey platform was utilized to analyze the positive selection pressure sites of the HA protein. <b>Results:</b> The 2022-2024 influenza season includes 2022-2023 and 2023-2024. During the influenza seasons of 2022-2024, the positive rates of A(H3N2) nucleic acid were 10.35% (2 127/20 543) and 10.47% (4 386/41 876), respectively. In the 2022-2023 influenza season, there were two peaks in the A(H3N2). The comparison of HA genes between all A(H3N2) strains studied with the 2022-2024 vaccine strain (A/Darwin/9/2021) revealed that all of the strains studied have the two amino acid mutations involving 186 and 225 receptor binding sites. There were 31 amino acid substitutions in the 2022-2023 influenza season, of which 18 variant sites involved antigenic determinants. There were 35 amino acid mutations during the 2023-2024 influenza season, of which 14 were related to antigenic determinants. There were changes in the genetic evolutionary subclades of A(H3N2) strains in two influenza seasons: from 2022 to 2023, three evolutionary subclades were co-prevalent together, with the 3C.2a1b.2a.2a.3a.1 accounting for 76.67% (23/30), the 3C.2a1b.2a.1a accounting for 20.00% (6/30), the 3C.2a1b.2a.2a.1 accounting for 3.33% (1/30); from 2023 to 2024, two subclades were prevalent, with 3C.2a1b.2a.2a.3a.1 accounting for 95.12% (39/41) and 3C.2a1b.2a.2a.1 accounting for 4.88% (2/41). The glycosylation site changes of the HA protein of A(H3N2) have been enhanced from 2023 to 2024. The 145 amino acid position of the HA protein of the A(H3N2) was the positive selection site for stress selection site analysis. <b>Conclusions:</b> The evolutionary subclades of the HA gene of A(H3N2) in Beijing showed changes from 2022 to 2024, and the glycosylation site polymorphism of the HA protein of A(H3N2) significantly increased from 2023 to 2024. Continuous monitoring of HA mutations in the A(H3N2) is crucial, providing a basis for developing influenza prevention and control strategies, as well as new strategic support for screening influenza vaccine components, vaccine design, and discovery of drug targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 6","pages":"1058-1066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}