中华流行病学杂志最新文献

{"title":"[Progress in research of intergenerational transmission of health based on population cohort].","authors":"Z F Zhang, H Wang, S Y Wang, X L Xu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250109-00023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250109-00023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intergenerational transmission exists within families, which is considered as key factor influencing individual health. Previous studies of intergenerational transmission were diverse and fragmented, in which the impacts of parental health-related characteristics and health risk behaviors on their children and grandchildren were reported, yet there is a lack of systematic reviews based on high-quality epidemiological research. From a population-based cohort perspective, this paper summarizes the theoretical foundations, designs and contents, outcomes, and statistical approaches of research of intergenerational transmission of health to provide theoretical support for the research in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 9","pages":"1688-1696"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145087408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Current approaches and challenges in addressing class imbalance in medical prediction models].","authors":"X L Meng, Y T Wang, X Zhang, S Y Zhan, S F Wang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250109-00025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250109-00025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the rise of personalized medicine and the rapid development of big data technology, medical prediction models have become increasingly important in disease diagnosis, prognosis assessment, and risk stratification. However, class imbalance is a common problem in medical data, which can result in models being overly trained toward the majority class rather than the minority class, influencing the detection power and clinical application value. This paper systematically summarizes traditional methods in addressing class imbalance, including data pre-processing and algorithm level strategies, and introduces the applications of new technologies such as generative adversarial networks and transfer learning and suggests key considerations and potential research focus for addressing class imbalance to provide reference for researchers to select appropriate strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 9","pages":"1632-1639"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145087412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Research methods of vaccination coverage and their application in evaluating vaccine protective effectiveness].","authors":"W W Han, S Y Jia, H Y Liu, Y Liu, F C Zhu, J X Li","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241202-00763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241202-00763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The impact of vaccines on public health and their effectiveness in controlling infectious diseases partly depends on their coverage rate, which refers to the proportion of individuals vaccinated within a specific population. Vaccination coverage is foundational data for vaccine immunization programs, a key parameter for evaluating and monitoring the implementation of vaccination plans, and an important data point in real-world post-market studies of vaccines. Additionally, research on vaccination coverage is becoming increasingly prevalent in vaccine evaluation, primarily used to establish the risk of disease incidence in populations with different vaccination coverage rates in order to assess the protective effectiveness of vaccines. This paper reviews the research methods used to assess vaccine coverage both domestically and internationally, as well as their applications in evaluating vaccine effectiveness. It also analyzes and compares the advantages and disadvantages of different research methods for measuring vaccination coverage and discusses the significance of monitoring and improving vaccine coverage rates. The goal is to promote research and application of vaccination coverage rates in China, providing a scientific basis for post-market vaccine studies and for local administrative departments to formulate immunization policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 9","pages":"1673-1679"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145087525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Progress in population-based research of human microbiome and cardiovascular diseases].","authors":"Y Ma, J H Si, D J Y Sun, C Q Yu, Y J Pang, J Lyu, L M Li","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241219-00816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241219-00816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human microbiome encompasses a diverse array of microorganisms and their functional interactions within the human body. It exhibits a vast diversity of species and complex roles across various body environments. Advanced sequencing technologies, such as 16S amplicon sequencing and metagenomic sequencing, facilitate in-depth analysis on this microbial community. Recent researches have suggested that characteristics of the human microbiome (such as diversity and composition of microbiome, involving metabolic pathways and metabolites) might be associated with the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases. These findings provide valuable insights into the etiology of chronic diseases and might aid in the development of novel disease biomarkers and intervention strategies. This paper summarizes the designs, current status and key findings of current population-based research in this field, and introduce the future development and analyze the existing critical problems that need further investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 9","pages":"1680-1687"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145087401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A prospective study of the effect of physical activity on mortality risk in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Sichuan Province].","authors":"Y Zhang, X F Chen, X F Chen, X Wu, X Y Chang, Z Wang, X Han, J Lyu, C Q Yu, P Pei, D J Y Sun, X P Wu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241228-00836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241228-00836","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; To investigate the effect of physical activity on mortality risk in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Sichuan Province. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Based on baseline data from 2004 to 2008 from the China Kadoorie Biobank project site in Pengzhou City, Sichuan Province, a total of 8 501 COPD patients aged 30-79 years were enrolled and followed up for a long period to determine mortality outcomes. Quartiles were used to group physical activity levels. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the effect of physical activity level on mortality outcomes. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; As of December 31, 2017, the cumulative follow-up of the participants totaled 85 600.58 person-years (mean follow-up duration: 10.07 years). During this period, a total of 2 000 deaths were recorded, yielding a cumulative mortality rate of 23.53%. Among these deaths, 665 were attributed to COPD, corresponding to a cumulative mortality rate of 7.82%; and 1 116 were attributed to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (CVD), corresponding to a cumulative mortality rate of 13.13%. The Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis revealed that, after adjusting for confounding factors, total physical activity was associated with a reduced risk of mortality from COPD, CVD, and all causes in patients with COPD. Compared with the low-level group of total physical activity, the medium-high-level group had the lowest risk of COPD mortality, with an &lt;i&gt;HR&lt;/i&gt; of 0.39 (95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.30-0.49). The high-level group had the lowest risk of CVD death and all-cause death, with &lt;i&gt;HR&lt;/i&gt;s of 0.46 (95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.37-0.56) and 0.55 (95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.48-0.64), respectively. The lowest risk of COPD death and CVD death was found in the medium-high level of work-based physical activity group, with &lt;i&gt;HR&lt;/i&gt;s of 0.36 (95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.28-0.46) and 0.43 (95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.36-0.51), respectively; the risk of all-cause mortality was lowest in the medium-high and high-level groups, with &lt;i&gt;HR&lt;/i&gt;s values of 0.53 (95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.46-0.61) and 0.53 (95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.45-0.61). The risk of COPD death was lowest in the high-level transportation physical activity group, with an &lt;i&gt;HR&lt;/i&gt; of 0.66 (95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.53-0.83), and the risk of CVD and all-cause death was lowest in the medium-high level group, with &lt;i&gt;HR&lt;/i&gt;s of 0.63 (95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.53-0.76) and 0.73 (95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.64-0.84), respectively. The risk of COPD death and CVD death was the lowest in the high-level domestic physical activity group, with &lt;i&gt;HR&lt;/i&gt;s of 0.66 (95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.49-0.89) and 0.76 (95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.61-0.95), respectively, and the risk of all-cause death was the lowest in the medium-high level group, with an &lt;i&gt;HR&lt;/i&gt; of 0.82 (95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.72-0.94). There is no statistical association between leisure physical activity and the risk of death from three types of diseases. &lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Total physical activity, including work-based, transportation-based, and domesti","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 8","pages":"1347-1353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144971635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Interpretation of the Updated Guidance for Reporting Clinical Prediction Models that Use Regression or Machine Learning Methods].","authors":"B Niu, M J Wan, J Liu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241105-00692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241105-00692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, the number of artificial intelligence methods used to develop clinical risk prediction models has rapidly increased. To ensure the value of clinical prediction model research, researchers must report the research content transparently, completely, and accurately. Updated Guidance for Reporting Clinical Prediction Models that Use Regression or Machine Learning Methods (TRIPOD+AI) was released in 2024 and covers a checklist of 27 major items. It aims to promote the complete reporting of global clinical prediction model research and facilitate research evaluation, model evaluation, and model implementation. This article interprets and compares aspects such as the formulation process, checklist content, applicable scenarios, and advantages of TRIPOD+AI, as well as the original Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) checklist. It also analyzes an example of predicting the depression of elderly patients using artificial intelligence methods, providing references for researchers to standardize the reporting of clinical prediction models.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 8","pages":"1451-1458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144971803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Epidemiology, clinical characteristics and prevention strategies of Chikungunya fever].","authors":"C X Liao, H P Du, B Wang, J Lyu, L M Li","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250726-00527","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250726-00527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past two decades, Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), primarily transmitted by aedes-borne, has caused recurrent large-scale outbreaks across Africa, South/Southeast Asia, and Indian Ocean islands. The disease manifests with acute febrile illness, debilitating polyarthralgia, and chronic joint complications, posing significant public health burdens. Originally endemic to tropical zones, Chikungunya fever's pandemic potential has escalated due to the global expansion of aedes albopictus habitats and increased international travel. At present, 119 countries and regions around the world have reported local transmission, including recent local outbreaks in China's Guangdong Province. This review synthesizes critical insights into CHIKV's evolutionary adaptations, epidemiological characteristics, Chikungunya fever's clinical manifestations, and advances in prevention strategies and measures, aiming to inform evidence-based prevention and control measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 8","pages":"1468-1472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144971793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Epidemiological characteristics of marburg virus disease: a systematic review].","authors":"T T Tian, A Q Li, X X Huang, J D Li","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250206-00069","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250206-00069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and natural focus distribution of marburg virus disease (MVD), and provide evidence for the prevention and control of MVD. <b>Methods:</b> A systematic literature retrieval was conducted, and descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the temporal, spatial, and population distributions of MVD as well as its natural hosts. The case fatality rate of MVD was evaluated through Meta-analysis, and the phylogenetic analysis of viral genomes was done by using software IQ-TREE 2.3.6. <b>Results:</b> Marburg virus has endemic spread in Africa and can be detected in various animals such as primates and bats. The positive rate is higher in Egyptian fruit bats, and the disease epidemic areas continue to expand. The human infections occur frequently. As of December 20, 2024, a total of 18 MVD outbreaks had been reported worldwide, resulting in 722 reported cases and 548 deaths. Meta- analysis showed a case fatality rate of about 65.19% (95%<i>CI</i>: 48.07%-80.50%). Populations are generally susceptible, with a higher proportion of the cases in miners and medical workers. Marburg virus specific antibody can be detected in populations and animals in some countries and regions where no cases have been reported in Africa, indicating the potential of virus transmission. <b>Conclusion:</b> The transmission capacity of Marburg virus shows no significant changes, but the areas affected by the virus transmission expands, indicating increased risk for MVD outbreak.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 8","pages":"1459-1467"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144971837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Progress in methods for chronic disease and multimorbidity measurement in epidemiological studies].","authors":"Y P Zhao, Y G Zhou, X L Xu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241118-00731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241118-00731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the accelerated progress of population aging and the shift in the disease spectrum, the prevention and management of chronic diseases and multimorbidity are facing great challenges. Multimorbidity measurement is a process that assesses and quantifies the complexity and severity of multiple disease states in a population, which is of great significance for understanding the epidemiology and disease burden of multimorbidity, as well as for optimizing medical services and policy. This article reviews existing multimorbidity measurement indicators, tools, and applications from two dimensions, static and dynamic attributes, aiming to improve the accuracy and comprehensiveness of multimorbidity epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 8","pages":"1480-1488"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144971842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Statistical analysis methods for identifying multimorbidity patterns].","authors":"H Ye, S S Liu, Y D Tang, Y Qian, K Y Wang, Y Zhao, L Y Liu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241127-00753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241127-00753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multimorbidity has become a widely recognized public health problem worldwide. Identifying multimorbidity patterns can improve not only the efficiency of healthcare resource utilization but also patients' prognosis. This article summarizes three common approaches for the identification of multimorbidity patterns: association analysis methods (including association rule mining and network analysis), classification methods (including cluster analysis, latent class analysis, and latent transition analysis), and dimensionality reduction and feature extraction methods (including principal component analysis, factor analysis, and multiple correspondence analysis), introduces the application of these methods using data from the UK Biobank to identify multimorbidity patterns and discusses and compares the results of case analysis to provide reference for the selection of appropriate methods for multimorbidity pattern research.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 8","pages":"1422-1430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144971761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}