中华流行病学杂志最新文献

{"title":"[Epidemiological characteristics of respiratory multi-pathogen co-detection among influenza-like illness cases in China, 2023-2025 surveillance years].","authors":"R N Su, J D Zheng, H T Zhao, X K Yang, Y Qin, X Y Liu, X W Du, M J Geng, Y P Zhang, Z B Peng","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20251214-00897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20251214-00897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory multi-pathogen co-detected in China during the 2023-2025 surveillance years based on influenza-like illness (ILI) surveillance data, and to characterize the distribution across populations, temporal periods, regions, and pathogen types. <b>Methods:</b> Data were obtained from the respiratory multi-pathogen surveillance of ILI outpatients and emergency department visits across 216 national sentinel hospitals within the National Acute Respiratory Infectious Disease Sentinel Surveillance Network from week 42 of 2023 to week 14 of 2025. Given that the surveillance spanned two distinct phases, the impact of adjustments to the surveillance protocol was evaluated. Descriptive epidemiological methods were employed to analyze the patterns of multi-pathogen co-detections. <b>Results:</b> A total of 175 131 ILI cases were tested during the 2023-2025 surveillance years, with an overall multi-pathogen co-detection rate of 17.99%. The predominant co-detection combination was \"virus+bacteria\" (66.64%), commonly involving influenza virus or rhinovirus paired with Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae. Significant differences in co-detection rates were observed across different age groups, genders, and occupations (all <i>P</i><0.001). Regarding the population distribution, the highest rates were found in school-aged children (5-14 years, 26.62%) and infants/toddlers (0-4 years, 25.83%). Males (19.57%) exhibited a higher detection rate than females (16.39%). Temporally, the co-detection rate peaked during the winter and spring seasons. Spatially, South China exhibited the highest age-standardized co-detection rate (23.74%), while Northeast China reported the lowest (12.72%). Southern regions were characterized by prolonged circulation, whereas northern regions displayed short-term epidemic patterns. <b>Conclusions:</b> Multi-pathogen co-detections were prevalent in China during the 2023-2025 surveillance years, characterized by a distinct clustering in younger age groups and a \"high in the south, low in the north\" geographic trend. Synergistic co-detection of viruses and bacteria remains the primary manifestation. It is recommended to strengthen multi-pathogen surveillance and data analysis in high-prevalence regions and among school-aged populations, and to implement differentiated prevention and control strategies tailored to regional seasonal characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 4","pages":"603-611"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Development of a risk prediction model for colorectal adenoma in non-smoking women].","authors":"P D Huang, Z L Li, Z L Lin, S Y Cheng, L Y Zhai, S F Wei, Y F Xu, B P Zhang, H F Pan, S J Guo, H Y Zhang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250728-00533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250728-00533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To explore risk factors for colorectal adenoma (CRA) in non-smoking women, develop a simplified and efficient predictive model, and evaluate its performances with existing risk evaluation tools and in different time periods. <b>Methods:</b> Clinical data were collected from non-smoking women between November 2021 and April 2023. The positive case group included patients with colorectal polyps confirmed as CRA by pathology. Candidate variables were identified through single-factor logistic analysis (<i>P</i><0.2), and prelimiarily screened using multivariate logistic regression. To obtain the optimal model, a stepwise regression method based on the AIC was employed for predictor selection, and the final prediction model was constructed with the selected predictors. A nomogram and model list were developed to visually demonstrate the contribution of each factor. The model's discrimination and calibration were evaluated and compared with existing risk assessment tools, including the Asia-Pacific Colorectal Screening (APCS) score, its modified version (MAPCS), and the \"Colorectal Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis and Treatment Program (2024 Edition)\" of China. A temporal external test set was used to further evaluate the model's stability and predictive performance in a real-world clinical setting. <b>Results:</b> After analyzing data from 1 155 non-smoking women, the final model based on age (5 age groups) and BMI (≥24.0 kg/m²) as the main predictive factors was constructed. The model achieved area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.705 (95%<i>CI</i>: 0.672-0.738) in the training set (<i>n</i>=927) and 0.695 (95%<i>CI</i>: 0.629-0.762) in the validation set (<i>n</i>=228), with calibration curves and Hosmer-Lemeshow tests showing good fitness (<i>P</i>>0.05). A risk threshold of 0.400 was applied, with predicted probabilities ≥0.400 indicating high-risk and <0.400 indicating non-high-risk. The model achieved stable performance in the temporal external test set (<i>n</i>=272) with an AUC of 0.783 (95%<i>CI</i>: 0.730-0.836), further confirming the model's temporal stability and clinical utility. Compared with the existing risk evaluation tools, the values of the model in terms of discrimination are slightly higher than those of the high-risk groups in APCS, MAPCS and \"Colorectal Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis and Treatment Program (2024 Edition)\", and the values in terms of specificity and accuracy are also higher. <b>Conclusions:</b> The simplified prediction model based on age and BMI can effectively evaluate CRA risk in non-smoking women, demonstrating high discriminatory power and temporal stability. It can provide more precise risk stratification guidance for early CRA screening with improved efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 4","pages":"759-766"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of death reporting omissions among permanent residents in Beijing from 2017 to 2021 based on the capture-recapture method].","authors":"H M Chen, C Tong, Q P Liu, J Du, P Wang, J Wang, Z H Wei, J T Su","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250908-00639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250908-00639","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; To evaluate the completeness of the mortality surveillance data of permanent residents in Beijing from 2017 to 2021 using multi-source data based on the capture-recapture method, understand the underreporting rate of causes of death among permanent residents in Beijing, and provide a scientific basis for the formulation of health policies and social and economic development goals in Beijing. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Collect death data from the cause-of-death surveillance system, Civil Affairs Funeral System and public security household registration cancellation database, evaluate the completeness of ID numbers in death data from different sources, apply the capture-recapture method to calculate the overall underreporting rate of causes of death, underreporting rate of causes of death by gender and age group, and analyze the underreporting rate of causes of death among permanent residents in Beijing. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The overall completeness rate of ID numbers in the death monitoring system database before the entry date of December 31, 2024 was 99.79%, while the overall completeness rate of ID numbers in the civil affairs and funeral system was 99.55%. The total underreporting rate of the Beijing mortality surveillance system from 2017 to 2021 was 9.74%, with the underreporting rate for males being 11.71% and for females 7.17%, indicating a higher rate for males than for females. The total underreporting rate after multi-source verification and supplementation was 1.99%, with 2.58% for males and 1.30% for females. By year, the underreporting rate of the Beijing cause-of-death surveillance system decreased from 11.39% in 2017 to 8.95% in 2021, showing a downward trend. By age group, the underreporting rate of causes of death in the 5-, 15-, 45-, and ≥65 age groups in the cause-of-death surveillance system from 2017 to 2021 were 58.89%, 46.88%, 18.67%, and 5.58%, respectively. The multi-source proofreading and supplementary analysis showed that the underreporting rates for the last four age groups were 16.07%, 13.20%, 5.06%, and 0.94%, respectively. The annual trends in underreporting rates across age groups were consistent with the overall trend, with the rates in younger age groups being higher than those in older age groups. &lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; From 2017 to 2021, the underreporting rate of causes of death among permanent residents in Beijing's death monitoring system showed a downward trend, indicating that the data quality has improved and the system has been perfected. The underreporting rate of causes of death in the younger age group is relatively high, indicating that efforts should be intensified to improve the registration of causes of death for this age group, further enhance the quality of cause-of-death monitoring, and increase the completeness of reported data. After multiple-source proofreading and supplementation, the underreporting rate of causes of death can be significantly reduced, indicating that using multiple-s","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 4","pages":"612-618"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Construction and application of an environmental health index for residents in Shenzhen under exposure to air pollutants].","authors":"X T Ke, Y Zhou, X L Wu, F Du, J Liu, Z Y Li, H T Zeng","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250819-00592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250819-00592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To construct a Shenzhen-specific Environmental Health Index (EHI) for residents, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of environmental exposure and health effects. <b>Methods:</b> Based on the \"driving force-pressure-state-exposure-effect-action\" framework, indicators of environmental health under air pollutant exposure were systematically identified. Meteorological monitoring data and population health information from Shenzhen were collected for 2019-2023. Correlation analysis, the coefficient of variation method, the entropy method, and the weighted comprehensive evaluation method were applied to establish the indicator system, determine weights, and calculate the EHI. <b>Results:</b> The final indicator system comprised 6 dimensions, 13 secondary indicators, and 33 tertiary indicators. Among them, the effect dimension carried the highest weight (0.35) and served as the core orientation, followed by the state dimension (0.25) and the action dimension (0.16). From 2019 to 2023, Shenzhen residents' EHI scores were 72.50, 82.45, 75.10, 86.30, and 81.82, respectively, showing an overall upward but fluctuating trend. <b>Conclusion:</b> The constructed indicator system overcomes the limitation of single-dimensional evaluation and enables multi-factor coupling analysis between environmental exposure and health effects. Its core value lies in establishing a quantitative policy feedback mechanism, which drives environmental health management toward a full-chain transformation of \"pressure-state-exposure- effect-action.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 4","pages":"751-758"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Research progress on the relationship between metal exposure and chronic kidney disease].","authors":"L L Niu, M Li, C Wang, J Du, J Wang, G Li","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250717-00502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250717-00502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an irreversible progressive disease accompanied by multiple complications, and a cluster of chronic diseases caused by various complex factors such as hypertension and diabetes. Characterized by high prevalence and disability rates, it has been recognized as one of the important public health issues endangering human life and health worldwide. The etiology of CKD is complex and diverse; in addition to genetic factors, environmental factors also play a significant role in its development. With rapid industrialization and economic development in China, large amounts of metals are released into the environment, causing environmental pollution. After entering the human body, these metals are mainly excreted through the kidneys, where they tend to accumulate and exert adverse effects on renal structure and function. Among them, metals such as cadmium, arsenic, lead, and lithium can cause kidney damage. Therefore, this article summarizes the relationships between cadmium, arsenic, lead, lithium, other metals, and CKD, aiming to provide new insights for the prevention and control of CKD induced by metal exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 4","pages":"775-782"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Survey on mosquito species diversity and pathogen spectrum of arbovirus in tropical regions of China].","authors":"S L Chen, Y Fang, J D Chen, Y Y Li, D W Sun, J B Xue, J Meng, Y Dong, M X Chen, Z H Jiang, Z H Gao, J Y Zhang, X Y Feng, W C Lu, Z T Shao, X N Wu, L M Yang, Y Zhang, S Z Li","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20251215-00901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20251215-00901","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; To investigate the species and distribution of mosquitoes and pathogen spectrum of arbovirus in tropical regions of China. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; From April 2023 to December 2024, mosquitoes were collected at various survey sites in the tropical regions of Guangdong Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Yunnan Province, and Hainan Province. Classify and identify collected mosquitoes using morphological and molecular biological methods (1-50 specimens per tube). Arboviruses in mosquito specimens were detected using Sanger first-generation sequencing and high-throughput second-generation sequencing. Using the PooledInfRate v4 plugin to estimate arboviruses prevalence rates in tropical survey areas. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; A total of 40 481 mosquitoes were collected from 70 township-level sampling sites across 22 cities (autonomous) prefectures in four provinces of China. These specimens were identified morphologically and molecularly as belonging to 5 genera and 31 species. The &lt;i&gt;Culex tritaeniorhynchus&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Anopheles sinensis&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Aedes albopictus&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Armigeres subalbatus&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Mansonia uniformis&lt;/i&gt; were the ecologically dominant species within the &lt;i&gt;Culex&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Anopheles&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Aedes&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Armigeres&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Mansonia&lt;/i&gt; genera, respectively, in the tropical survey areas. &lt;i&gt;Culex tritaeniorhynchus&lt;/i&gt; was the dominant mosquito species, accounting for 69.08% (27 963/40 481). &lt;i&gt;Anopheles sinensis&lt;/i&gt; ranked second (9.11%, 3 688/40 481), followed by &lt;i&gt;Aedes albopictus&lt;/i&gt; (6.58%,2 662/40 481). This survey identified 10 pathogenic arboviruses and 43 insect-specific viruses, distributed across 16 families and the Negevirus taxon. The prevalence rates of Tembusu virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Dengue virus, Nam Dinh virus, Cat Que virus, Batai virus, Umbre virus, Banana virus, Mangshi virus, and Getah virus among mosquito vectors in China's tropical regions of investigation were all relatively low. The maximum and minimum values of the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) for prevalence rates of these pathogenic arboviruses in mosquito vectors from tropical survey areas were 4.78/10 000 (95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 2.26/10 000-9.08/10 000) and 0.25/10 000 (95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.01/10 000-1.19/10 000), respectively. The prevalence rate of Japanese encephalitis virus in &lt;i&gt;Culex tritaeniorhynchus&lt;/i&gt; in tropical survey areas was 0.36/10 000 (MLE, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.02/10 000-1.73/10 000). The prevalence rate of Batai virus in &lt;i&gt;Aedes albopictus&lt;/i&gt; in tropical survey areas was 3.76/10 000 (MLE,95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.22/10 000-18.20/10 000). 30.23% (13/43) of specific viruses exhibited high infection rates among mosquito vectors across all four surveyed provinces. &lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; The tropical regions of Guangdong Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Yunnan Province, and Hainan Province harbor a wide range of mosquito vectors, with &lt;i&gt;Culex tritaeniorhynchus&lt;/i&gt; being the predominant species. This survey also revealed the circ","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 4","pages":"665-680"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Clade-specific ecological niches and transmission patterns of <i>Francisella tularensis</i> subsp. <i>holarctica</i>].","authors":"R Zhang, W Wang, B K Zhang, Y H Wang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250923-00672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250923-00672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Quantitative analysis of the spatial distribution and ecological niche differentiation characteristics of the major evolutionary clades of <i>Francisella tularensis</i> subsp. <i>holarctica</i> (Fth), elucidate the mechanism of epidemiological heterogeneity. <b>Methods:</b> A systematic search of public databases was conducted to collect and curate whole-genome sequences and metadata of 415 Fth strains. A maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree was constructed using core-genome single-nucleotide polymorphisms,and an additional 1 047 strains with complete metadata from public databases were integrated to perform geographic analysis by incorporating geographic information. A Bayesian molecular clock model was used to infer the divergence history of the major evolutionary clades. A 4×3 contingency table was constructed using 126 representative strains to determine niche preferences among evolutionary clades and isolation origins. Fisher's exact test was applied to examine general associations, and adjusted standardized residuals (<i>ASR</i>) were computed to determine the source-specific preference for each clade (|<i>ASR</i>| >1.96 implies a statistically significant difference). <b>Results:</b> The Phylogenetic analysis for the Fth strains indicated that there are subgenomic B.4, B.6, B.12, and B.16, which show evident geographic groups. Bayesian molecular clock analysis of the most recent common ancestor of Fth yielded an estimate of about 2276 years Before Common Era Fisher's exact test showed a powerful relationship between Fth clade types and sources of isolation (<i>P</i><0.001). <i>ASR</i> analysis revealed that clade B.12 was significantly overrepresented in animal sources (<i>ASR</i>=4.95) and underrepresented in human sources (<i>ASR</i>=-4.77), and that clade B.6 was significantly overrepresented in human sources (<i>ASR</i>=2.88) and underrepresented in animal sources (<i>ASR</i>=-2.50). <b>Conclusions:</b> The two main Fth clades, B.6 and B.12, have distinct and opposite niche differentiation. Clade B.12 has a strong \"zoonotic affinity\", and clade B.6 has a significant \"human affinity\", indicating that B.6 is a zoonotic lineage that is more prone to infecting humans and poses a greater threat to public health. These will conclude the importance of the clade type in future disease monitoring and risk assessment for targeted disease prevention and control.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 4","pages":"745-750"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Associations of waist-to-hip ratio with mortality in older adults in 10 areas of China].","authors":"X Cong, Y T Huang, C Q Yu, D J Y Sun, P Pei, H D Du, J S Chen, Z M Chen, J Lyu, L M Li, Y J Pang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20251205-00871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20251205-00871","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To evaluate the associations of waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and BMI-adjusted WHR (WHRadjBMI) with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD)-attributed, and non-CVD-attributed mortality in elderly population in China. <b>Methods:</b> This study used data from the China Kadoorie Biobank, which included 109 796 individuals aged ≥60 years. WHRadjBMI was derived by using linear regression residual method by fitting WHR against age, sex, and BMI and extracting standardized residuals. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate <i>HR</i>s and 95%<i>CI</i>s for the associations of WHR and WHRadjBMI with mortality, potential non-linear association and effect modifications by key demographic and lifestyle factors were also evaluated. <b>Results:</b> During a median follow-up of 15.17 years, 44 191 deaths were recorded. After multivariate adjustment, WHR showed a U-shaped association with all-cause mortality, whereas WHRadjBMI showed monotonic increased association with all the mortality. When participants were divided by the median of WHRadjBMI, those in high WHRadjBMI group had significantly increased risks for all-cause mortality (<i>HR</i>=1.16, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.14-1.18), CVD-attributed mortality (<i>HR</i>=1.19, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.15-1.22), and non-CVD-attributed mortality (<i>HR</i>=1.14, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.11-1.17), compared with those in low WHRadjBMI group. Subgroup analyses indicated stronger associations in individuals aged <70 years, rural residents, and those with lower income or education levels (<i>P</i><0.05). <b>Conclusions:</b> WHRadjBMI is independently and positively associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality risks in elderly population in China, which can be used as a robust indicator of abdominal obesity and a predictor of mortality in the health management of elderly population.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 4","pages":"579-585"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Characteristics and trends in the incidence of diabetes mellitus, type 2 in Tianjin, 2006-2024].","authors":"Q D Fang, Z Wang, X H Wang, D Z Wang, W L Zheng, Q X Zhou","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250814-00578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250814-00578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze characteristics and trends in the incidence of diabetes mellitus, type 2 (T2DM) in Tianjin, 2006-2024, and to provide scientific bases for formulating the priorities of diabetes prevention and control efforts. <b>Methods:</b> The data were sourced from the diabetes incidence surveillance dataset collected by Tianjin CDC. The gender- and age-standardized incidence rate was calculated, using the standard population from the 2010 Chinese population census. Using R 4.3.2 and Joinpoint 5.0 software, the annual percentage change (APC) and the average annual percentage change (AAPC), along with their trend changes, were calculated and analyzed. Furthermore, differences across genders, urban and rural areas, and age groups were compared. <b>Results:</b> From 2006 to 2024, there were a total of 462 951 T2DM-onset cases in Tianjin. The crude incidence rate rose from 99.17/100 000 to 351.71/100 000, and the standardized rate rose from 85.79/100 000 to 252.98/100 000, with the trend of the standardized rate increasing first (2006-2015 APC=13.66%, <i>P</i><0.001) and then becoming stable (<i>P</i>=0.626). The standardized incidence rates in men were higher than those in women, and the upward trend of the standardized rate in men (AAPC=7.69%, <i>P</i><0.001) was slightly greater than that in women (AAPC=5.98%, <i>P</i><0.001). The standardized rates were higher in urban areas before 2010, and in rural areas after 2011, and the upward trend in urban areas (AAPC=4.87%, <i>P</i><0.001) was slightly lower than that in rural areas (AAPC=6.28%, <i>P</i>=0.025). The crude rates of the age group aged ≥60 were much higher than those of the age groups aged 0-, 20-, and 40-. The trend of the former remained stable (<i>P</i>=0.138), while the trends of the latter three continued to rise, and the upward trend of the age group aged 20- (AAPC=10.57%, <i>P</i><0.001) was slightly greater than that of the age groups aged 0- (AAPC=9.46%, <i>P</i><0.001) and 40- (AAPC=7.58%, <i>P</i><0.001). However, the differences in AAPC among genders, urban and rural areas, and age groups were not statistically significant (all <i>P</i>>0.05). <b>Conclusions:</b> The incidence trend of T2DM in Tianjin generally shows an initial increase followed by stabilization. The male, rural, and elderly groups are facing a higher risk of incidence, and the continuous increase in the incidence of early-onset T2DM among young people should be taken seriously.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 4","pages":"619-624"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Epidemiological studies of the association between dyslipidemia and Alzheimer's disease].","authors":"F F Tong, R Q Huang, Y Gao, Q Q Luo, Y P Chen, G Z Xu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250727-00528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250727-00528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD), as the representative type of dementia among neurodegenerative diseases, has become a major challenge in the field of global public health. Dyslipidemia is considered an acquired risk factor for AD, and both are progressive diseases with long developmental periods, making dyslipidemia a potential predictor of future AD occurrence. Therefore, preventing dyslipidemia is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of AD. Given the global epidemiological background of AD, this article aims to systematically review the association between dyslipidemia and AD, providing theoretical support for the prevention and control of both conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 4","pages":"767-774"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}