中华流行病学杂志最新文献

{"title":"[Clinical research design and challenges of multi-conjugate vaccine and polyvalent vaccine].","authors":"H Y Liu, W W Han, M Z Gan, F C Zhu, J X Li","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241025-00662","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241025-00662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multi-conjugate vaccine and polyvalent vaccine can reduce the number of vaccinations, improve vaccination efficiency, and provide wider protection against diseases, and can not only brings convenience to recipients but also reduce healthcare costs, making it a key focus in modern vaccine development. However, even if the components of the vaccine are derived from already approved monovalent vaccines, it must still be considered as a new vaccine and undergo randomized controlled clinical trials to evaluate their safety and efficacy in humans. Due to the inclusion of multiple antigens, clinical evaluation must consider the potential interactions between or among the components, as well as the impacts of adjuvants, preservatives, and other ingredients on the vaccines' safety and efficacy. These factors introduce certain specific challenges in the clinical evaluation of multi-conjugate vaccine and polyvalent vaccine. This article summarizes the key elements and methods of clinical study design for multi-conjugate vaccine and polyvalent vaccine in terms of safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy, and discuss the problems and challenges exisitng in vaccine clinical evaluation to provide reference for the standardization of clinical study design of multi-conjugate vaccine and polyvalent vaccine.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 7","pages":"1304-1310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Prevalence of smoking in people aged 15 years and above in Baoji, Shaanxi Province, 2013-2023].","authors":"Z Y Chen, H L Wang, P R Yang, L Zheng, F Deng","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250411-00235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250411-00235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To understand the changes in the prevelance smoking in people aged ≥15 years in Baoji, and provide evidence for the improvement of tobacco control strategies. <b>Methods:</b> Data were from the sampling survey of chronic diseases and their risk factors conducted in Baoji at an interval of five years from 2013 to 2023. The survey used multi-stage cluster random sampling method to select local people aged ≥15 years, and the information about their tobacco use were collected by face-to-face interview. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the prevalence of smoking, and <i>χ</i>² test was used to analyze the change trend. <b>Results:</b> The smoking rate in people aged ≥15 years in Baoji decreased from 2013 to 2023, and the standardized smoking rate decreased by 13.6% in 2023 compared with 2013. The standardized smoking cessation rate increased by 13.4% in 2018 compared with 2013, and the standardized smoking cessation rate decreased by 7.3% in 2023 compared with 2018. The standardized passive smoking rate decreased by 15.1% in 2018 compared with 2013, and the standardized passive smoking rate increased by 8.8% in 2023 compared with 2018. The average daily smoking amount increased by 3.7 cigarettes in 2018 compared with 2013, and the average daily smoking amount decreased by 3.9 cigarettes in 2023 compared with 2018. <b>Conclusion:</b> Progress has been made in tobacco control in Baoji, but problems still exist in tobacco control, to which close attention needs to be paid.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 7","pages":"1237-1242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Expert consensus on diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of <i>Vibrio vulnificus</i> infection].","authors":"","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250304-00132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250304-00132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Vibrio vulnificus</i> (<i>V. vulnificus</i>) is a marine bacterium that can cause sepsis, characterized by rapid progression of infection and high clinical mortality rates. However, many healthcare workers lack systematic understanding of <i>V. vulnificus</i> infections and practical experience in the prevention and control of <i>V. vulnificus</i> infection. Therefore, joining with multidisciplinary experts, the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association established a special working group to formulate this consensus, aiming to provide guidance and reference for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of <i>V. vulnificus</i> infection. Based on existing evidence and the latest research, 6 recommendations were formulated in terms of epidemiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory examination, early diagnosis, clinical evaluation, and infection treatment and prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 7","pages":"1142-1149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Progress in research of the definition of multimorbidity].","authors":"Z Y Chen, Y T Han, D J Y Sun, C Q Yu, Y J Pang, L M Li, J Lyu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241114-00725","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241114-00725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the rapid global population aging, multimorbidity is becoming a more serious public health problem, to which medical researchers have paid close attention. A standardized definition of multimorbidity is essential for relevant research. However, there is a lack of consensus on the definition of multimorbidity, which makes it difficult to compare results among studies and replicate important findings. Based on the conceptual comparison, this paper summarizes the key dimensions of the definition of multimorbidity, including the number and types of conditions, the granularity of classification, methods for obtaining outcomes, and settings and objectives of research. It also discusses the inherent relationships among the dimensions and their impact on research results, and introduces the characteristics of the commonly used condition lists in current multimorbidity definition research. By suggesting areas for improvement in the multimorbidity definition system, it aims to enhance the understanding of multimorbidity research and achieve consensus on the definition, thereby facilitating further multimorbidity research.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 7","pages":"1283-1288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Age-period-cohort analysis on disease burden of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> infection in women aged 15-49 years in China, 1990-2021].","authors":"Y Q Yang, X D Ye, Q Luo, W P He, C Mao","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250101-00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250101-00002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze the incidence rate and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rate of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> (<i>C. trachomatis</i>) infection in women aged 15-49 years in China from 1990 to 2021, identify the vulnerable populations, and provide evidence for the prevention and control of <i>C. trachomatis</i> infection. <b>Methods:</b> The data from Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 were used to analyze the incidence rate and DALY rate of <i>C. trachomatis</i> infection in women aged 15-49 years in China from 1990 to 2021 by using Joinpoint regression model. The age-period-cohort analysis method was used to decompose the age effect, period effect and cohort effect of incidence rate and DALY rate of <i>C. trachomatis</i> infection. <b>Results:</b> From 1990 to 2021, the incidence rate of <i>C. trachomatis</i> infection increased from 5 892.02/100 000 in 1990 to 7 402.23/100 000 in 2021 in women aged 15-49 years in China. The DALY rate increased from 1.92/100 000 person-years in 1990 to 2.00/100 000 person-years in 2021. Joinpoint regression showed that, from 1990 to 2021, the annual incidence of <i>C. trachomatis</i> infection in Chinese women age aged 15-49 years increased by 0.74% [average annual percent change (AAPC) =0.74%, 95%<i>CI:</i> 0.67%-0.81%, <i>t</i>=21.94, <i>P</i><0.001] and the annual average DALY rate increased by 0.11% (AAPC=0.11%, 95%<i>CI:</i> -0.09%-0.30%, <i>t</i>=1.06, <i>P</i>=0.287). Age-period-cohort model analyses showed that women aged 30-34 years were at high risk to be infected with <i>C. trachomatis</i> and women aged 40-44 years were at high risk to have high DALY. The period effect showed that the risk for <i>C. trachomatis</i> infection began to increase in 1990, peaked during 2000-2004, then gradually decreased. During 2015-2019, the infection risk increased again, while the risk for high DALY showed a decreasing trend. The cohort effect showed that the risks for <i>C. trachomatis</i> infection and DALY were lower in later birth cohorts. <b>Conclusions:</b> From 1990 to 2021, the incidence rate and DALY rate of <i>C. trachomatis</i> infection showed fluctuations in women aged 15-49 years in China. It is necessary to pay close attention to the prevention and control of <i>C. trachomatis</i> infection in women aged 30-34 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 7","pages":"1168-1174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis on detection rate of thyroid nodule and influencing factors in children and adolescents in Jiangsu Province].","authors":"Y T Xia, Y J Ye, M Liu, Y Wang, L Shang, P H Wang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241107-00703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241107-00703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To evalaute the prevalence and determinants of thyroid nodules in children and adolescents in Jiangsu Province. <b>Methods:</b> This study included in-school students aged 8-17 years and selected through stratified cluster random sampling in Jiangsu. Thyroid nodule was diagnosed when its diameter was ≥3 mm. Random urine samples were collected for the detection of urinary iodine concentration with arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed by using <i>χ</i>² test and logistic regression model. <b>Results:</b> In the 8 201 children and adolescents selected, the thyroid nodule detection rate was 16.10%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that, compared with those with urinary iodine levels of 100-299 μg/L, boys, those with normal body weight, those who were satisfied with their school performance, urinary iodine concentration ≥300 μg/L (<i>OR</i>=1.15, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.01-1.31), being girls (<i>OR</i>=1.42, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.26-1.60), being overweight (<i>OR</i>=1.27, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.07-1.50), being obese (<i>OR</i>=1.23, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.03-1.47), and dissatisfied with school performance (<i>OR</i>=1.22, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.04-1.43) were associated with higher likelihood of thyroid nodule detection. Children and adolescents who had solid snacks 2 times per week to 2 times per month (<i>OR</i>=0.86, 95%<i>CI</i>: 0.74-0.99) or less than 2 times per month (<i>OR</i>=0.80, 95%<i>CI</i>: 0.68-0.93) were more likely to have lower detection rate compared with those who had solid snacks more than 2 times per week. The detection rate of thyroid nodule increased with age (<i>OR</i>=1.09, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.06-1.11). <b>Conclusion:</b> The main factors influencing the detection rate of thyroid nodule in children and adolescents aged 8-17 years in Jiangsu included gender, age, urinary iodine concentration, BMI, self-assessed school performance and dietary habit.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 7","pages":"1217-1223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis on incidence trend of brucellosis based on age-period-cohort model in Shandong Province, 2004-2023].","authors":"X L Yu, M Fang, M W Lin, L X Cheng, Y Li, S J Ding","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250208-00072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250208-00072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To understand the incidence trend of brucellosis over time in Shandong Province from 2004 to 2023, and provide evidence for the prevention and control of brucellosis. <b>Methods:</b> The incidence data of brucellosis in Shandong from 2004 to 2023 were collected from China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The annual change percentage (APC) and annual average change percentage (AAPC) of the incidence rate were calculated by using Joinpoint regression model. A age-period-cohort model was used to analyze changes in brucellosis incidence with age, period, and birth cohort. <b>Results:</b> The average annual incidence of brucellosis was 1.76/100 000 in Shandong from 2004 to 2023. The Joinpoint regression analysis results showed that the reported incidence of brucellosis increased by an average of 92.0% and 18.9% each year from 2004 to 2010 and from 2010 to 2014, respectively, and decreased by an average of 0.2% each year from 2014 to 2023. The results of APC model showed that the incidence of brucellosis increased first and then decreased with age (<i>χ</i>²=176.92, <i>P</i><0.001), and incidence of brucellosis showed slow increase and rapid increase first, then decrease (<i>χ</i>²=2 921.03, <i>P</i><0.001) over time. The risk for brucellosis reached peak in 2016 (<i>RR</i>=5.29, 95%<i>CI</i>: 4.96-5.65) and became the lowest in 2006 (<i>RR</i>=0.24, 95%<i>CI</i>: 0.21-0.28). The incidence increased in later birth cohort (<i>χ</i>²=348.88, <i>P</i><0.001), the AAPCs of all the age groups were between 15.0% and 40.0%, and the older the age, the greater the risk (<i>χ</i>²=348.77, <i>P</i><0.001). <b>Conclusions:</b> From 2004 to 2023, the reported incidence of brucellosis in Shandong showed a significant age-period-cohort effect, which increased first and then decreased, first increased and then decreased with age, increased slowly and rapidly first, then decreased over time, and increased in later birth cohort. It is necessary to conduct targeted prevention and control, health education to reduce the risk for brucellosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 7","pages":"1175-1179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Global progress and trend in research of target trial emulation: a bibliometric and visualization analysis].","authors":"Z L Long, H Y Zhao, Z X Liu, F Sun","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241105-00694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241105-00694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To explore the progress and trend in research of target trial emulation (TTE) and provide reference for research in this field. <b>Methods:</b> A literature retrival of research papers in this field published as of November 30, 2024 was conducted based on three databases (i.e. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus). The papers which were highly cited were analyzed by Bibliometrix package in R 4.3.2. The co-occurrence network of keywords were analyzed by using software VOSviewer. The keyword burst test was carried out with software CiteSpace. <b>Results:</b> A total of 685 papers from 314 journals were included. The annual number of the papers published showed a significant growth in recent three years. <i>JAMA Network Open</i> had the highest publication mumber related to TTE (34 papers), <i>Annals of Internal Medicine</i> had the highest <i>H</i>-index and <i>American Journal of Epidemiology</i> had the highest total citations. In the 2 997 authors, Hernán MA made a greatest contribution. In the 2 046 institutions, Harvard Medical School was at leading position. The analysis on highly cited papers and keyword co-occurrence showed that TTE was mainly used in the studies of COVID-19 vaccine, cancer and the treatment efficacy and safety of chronic diseases. The analysis on the co-occurence of keyword burst test showed that keywords frequently used until 2024 were COVID-19 vaccine, cardiovascular disease and breast cancer. <b>Conclusions:</b> TTE is mainly used in the studies of public health emergency (such as COVID-19), patients with cancer and chronic diseases. TTE will play a crucial role when randomized controlled trial is difficult to conduct or current evidence requirement can not be met.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 7","pages":"1262-1268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Progress in research of textual quality evaluation of health-related media reports].","authors":"L Yang, M Zhao, S Y Zhao, W X Xiao, P X Cheng, G Q Hu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241012-00629","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241012-00629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To summarize the progress in the research of textual quality evaluation of health-related media reports. <b>Methods:</b> A systematic literature retrieval about textual quality evaluation of health-related media reports based on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure was conducted. Information regarding the textual quality definition, evaluation dimensions, indicators and methods of included papers was extracted. <b>Results:</b> A total of 29 study papers were included in this analysis, in which 26 were about retrospective textual quality evaluation of health-related media reports, and 3 were about the model or tool development for textual quality evaluation of health-related media reports. The topics of news reports included: 16 studies on injury, 3 on general health, 3 on infectious disease, 3 on cancer screening and treatment, 3 on chronic non-communicable disease, and 1 on medication risk. The definition of textual quality of health-related media reports and the dimensions of the quality evaluation varied across the studies. The quality evaluation indicators of media reports can be divided into three categories: availability of surveillance information, availability of professional information, and adherence to principles of media reporting. Most studies conducted the quality evaluation manually, with only 2 studies employing semi-automated or automated evaluation methods. <b>Conclusions:</b> No unified definition, set of dimensions, indicators, or automated algorithms exist for evaluating the textual quality of health-related media reports, which limits assessing massive news data effectively. It is necessary to conduct methodological studies on the textual quality evaluation of health-related media reports based on journalism and communication theory, infodemiology, deep learning, natural language processing, text mining, as well as specific disease and injury prevention theory.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 7","pages":"1269-1275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144660434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Expert consensus on immunoprophylaxis of cervical cancer and other human papillomavirus- related diseases (2025 edition)].","authors":"","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250530-00364","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250530-00364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There have been recent, significant changes in strategies and policies for elimination of cervical cancer and advances in research of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related diseases and their prevention and control. Based on the latest national and international research, and building on a consensus published in 2019, we developed an expert consensus on immunoprophylaxis of cervical cancer and other human papillomavirus-related diseases (2025 edition) in order to provide clinicians, disease prevention and control professionals, and vaccination staff a reference for the prevention and control of cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases and systematic, comprehensive evidence-based support for the scientific use of HPV vaccines to optimize their prevention effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 ","pages":"1107-1141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}