中华流行病学杂志最新文献

{"title":"[Antimicrobial resistance analysis of <i>Salmonella</i> and diarrheagenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolated from food in China, 2023].","authors":"A Q Mou, Y Li, L Yan, S R Yang, D J Yang, Z X Peng","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250819-00591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250819-00591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To investigate the antimicrobial resistance status of <i>Salmonella</i> and diarrheagenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E.coli</i>) isolated from food samples across 31 provinces in China during 2023. <b>Methods:</b> From January to December 2023, 2 269 <i>Salmonella</i> and 1 146 diarrheagenic <i>E.coli</i> isolates were recovered from meat of livestock and poultry, aquatic products, and ready-to-eat foods collected from restaurants, cafeterias, farmers' markets, and supermarkets. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was determined using the microbroth dilution method, and resistance was interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M100 2024 breakpoints. <b>Results:</b> The overall resistance rates were 78.71% (1 786/2 269) for <i>Salmonella</i> and 80.37% (921/1 146) for diarrheagenic <i>E. coli</i>. <i>Salmonella</i> and diarrheagenic <i>E. coli</i> isolates from raw poultry meat exhibited elevated resistance rates of 95.59% (434/454) and 90.27% (204/226), respectively.Both pathogens exhibited high resistance to ampicillin (AMP), tetracycline (TET), and chloramphenicol (CHL), with resistance rates of 60.33%, 57.16%, and 48.23% for <i>Salmonella</i> and 62.04%, 68.77%, and 54.42% for diarrheagenic <i>E.coli</i>, respectively. All isolates of both pathogens were susceptible to ceftazidime/avibactam. The multidrug resistance (MDR) rates were 57.29% (1 300/2 269) in <i>Salmonella</i> and 60.82% (697/1 146) in diarrheagenic <i>E. coli</i>. The predominant resistance profiles were AMP-CHL-trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT)-TET-florfenicol in <i>Salmonella</i> and AMP-CHL-SXT-TET in diarrheagenic <i>E.coli</i>. The resistance rates of <i>Salmonella</i> isolates from Heilongjiang Province and Guizhou Province were 92.70% (127/137) and 92.45% (49/53), respectively, with a relatively high MDR rate in Guizhou Province (73.58%, 39/53). Among diarrheagenic <i>E. coli</i>, resistance rates of isolates from Shanghai and Gansu Province were 95.19% (99/104) and 90.00% (45/50), respectively, with a notable MDR rate in Shanghai (86.54%, 90/104). <b>Conclusions:</b> <i>Salmonella</i> and diarrheagenic <i>E. coli</i> isolated from various foods in China, particularly raw poultry meat, demonstrated high resistance rates to AMP, TET, and CHL, along with concerning levels of multidrug resistance. These findings highlight a significant public health concern and necessitate urgent attention and effective intervention strategies from relevant authorities.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 4","pages":"731-738"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Observational and genetic epidemiological study on the association of alcohol consumption and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults in 10 areas of China].","authors":"Z Q Zeng, Q R Wen, D J Y Sun, P Pei, Y Guo, H D Du, J S Chen, Z M Chen, J Lyu, L M Li, C Q Yu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20251029-00770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20251029-00770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To investigate the associations between alcohol intake and risks of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using self-reported alcohol intake and genetically predicted mean alcohol intake in adults in 10 areas of China. <b>Methods:</b> This study used baseline data collected in 2004-2008 from the China Kadoorie Biobank, and the COPD outcome was determined through long-term follow-up. After excluding participants with cancer, coronary heart disease, stroke or transient ischemic attack, asthma, tuberculosis, or COPD at baseline, 445 523 participants were included in the observational analysis. A total of 133 168 participants with complete genotyping data were included in the genetic analysis, after the same exclusion criteria were applied. Alcohol consumption patterns were obtained through a baseline questionnaire. The mean alcohol intake of male non-abstainers was calculated based on the combination of <i>ALDH2</i>-rs671 and <i>ADH1B</i>-rs1229984 genotypes and the study region, and all participants were divided into six groups (C1-C6) accordingly. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the associations between exposure factors and risk of incident COPD. <b>Results:</b> In the observational analysis, 11 825 incident cases of COPD were identified during an average follow-up period of (11.8±2.1) years. After adjusting for potential confounders, occasional and current drinking was associated with lower risk of incident COPD in males, with <i>HR</i>s (95%<i>CI</i>s) of 0.80 (0.74-0.86), 0.75 (0.68-0.83), 0.84 (0.76-0.93), 0.86 (0.76-0.97) and 0.84 (0.75-0.94) for occasional and current drinkers consuming pure alcohol <140.0, 140.0-, 280.0-, ≥420.0 g/week respectively, while there was no significant association between abstainers and risk of COPD. In females, compared with non-drinkers, the risk of COPD reduced in all groups except for current drinkers consuming pure alcohol 70.0-139.9 g/week, with <i>HR</i>s (95%<i>CI</i>s) of 0.81 (0.68-0.96), 0.87 (0.82-0.93), 0.78 (0.62-0.99) and 0.77 (0.62-0.96) for abstainers, occasional and current drinkers consuming pure alcohol <70.0, 70.0-, ≥140.0 g/week respectively. In the genetic analysis, the risk of COPD in the C2-C6 groups was similar to that of males in the C1 group. In females, only the C4 group had a lower COPD risk compared to the C1 group (<i>HR</i>=0.79, 95% <i>CI</i>: 0.63-0.99). <b>Conclusion:</b> The study does not support a causal association between alcohol consumption and the risk of COPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 4","pages":"595-602"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Transition patterns of frailty states among Chinese aged 50 years and above: a sequence analysis].","authors":"Y F Guo, Y Ruan, S Y Sun, A L Jiang, Y J Dong, J Q Wang, J M Cao, Y Shi, F Wu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250818-00584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250818-00584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> This study aims to use sequence analysis to identify frailty state transition patterns in longitudinal measurements of Chinese people aged ≥50 years, and then analyze the associations of demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors with these patterns. <b>Methods:</b> This study used four waves of data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, wave 1 to wave 4 longitudinal data, consisting of 32 variables to construct a frailty index, which were categorized into five states based on their magnitude, and then constructed a sequence of frailty states for each individual. Second, this study uses optimal matching for clustering sequences. Finally, we used multinomial logistic regression to estimate the associations of demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors with the different patterns of frailty sequence. <b>Results:</b> This study included 8 670 survey respondents aged ≥50 years with complete data across all four waves. More than half of the respondents (68.20%) who were in a robust state at baseline transitioned to a pre-frail state during the 8-year follow-up period (2011-2018). Men spent a longer mean time in a robust state than women (2.62 years <i>vs.</i> 1.59 years), a slightly shorter mean time in a pre-frail state (4.22 years <i>vs.</i> 4.52 years), and a significantly shorter mean time in a frail state (1.01 years <i>vs.</i> 1.74 years). Sequences of frailty state transitions for all respondents were clustered to obtain four patterns. The results of multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that the transition from a state of frailty to an unfavorable state pattern (patterns 2, 3, and 4) was generally associated with poorer sociodemographic characteristics. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our study revealed distinct patterns and durations of frailty transitions across different gender and age groups. A range of demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioural factors influenced the transition patterns of frailty states, underscoring the necessity of personalised interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 4","pages":"659-664"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Association between perfluoroalkyl substance exposure and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in adults].","authors":"R Wen, W C Zhang, Z A Zhang, S M Qiao, Y Q Liu, J Y Ren, Y X Ma","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250711-00483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250711-00483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To explore the correlation between exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and the risk of cardiovascular disease, and investigate the mediating role of uric acid and the protective effects of vitamin C and vitamin E intake on cardiovascular health (CVH), providing a basis for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. <b>Methods:</b> Based on survey data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database in the United States from 2005 to 2020, we used a weighted generalized linear model (GLM) to analyze the association between each PFAS compound and CVH impairment in adults. Using quantile <i>g</i> estimation, weighted quantile summation, and regression analysis. We examined the combined effects of exposure to four perfluoroalkyl substances on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health impairments in adults. <b>Results:</b> Recruited a total of 7 482 participants aged 20 and above who were included for analysis. According to the CVH score, patients were divided into high, medium, and low groups, with 775 (10.3%), 4 987 (66.7%), and 1 720 (23.0%), respectively. After adjusting for covariates, weighted GLM analysis revealed that compared with the high CVH group, exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) was significantly positively associated with CVH impairment in both the low and moderate CVH groups. [PFAS (low CVH group: <i>OR</i>=1.209, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.037-1.410; medium CVH group: <i>OR</i>=1.192, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.085-1.309, <i>P</i><0.001); PFOA (low CVH group: <i>OR</i>=1.226, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.031-1.457; medium CVH group: <i>OR</i>=1.178, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.068-1.299, <i>P</i>=0.003); PFOS (low CVH group: <i>OR</i>=1.155, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.010-1.321; medium CVH group: <i>OR</i>=1.151, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.061-1.249, <i>P</i>=0.002); PFNA (low CVH group: <i>OR</i>=1.239, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.076-1.427; medium CVH group: <i>OR</i>=1.133, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.024-1.252, <i>P</i><0.001)]. Uric acid served as a mediating variable in the association between PFAS exposure and CVH impairment. The mediation analysis revealed that the effects of PFAS, PFOS, and PFNA exposure on CVH were 0.331, 0.208, and 0.423. The association between PFAS exposure and CVH impairment was modified by vitamin C and E intake, with the association being attenuated in individuals with sufficient intake and strengthened in those with a deficiency. <b>Conclusions:</b> PFAS exposure is closely associated with impaired CVH, primarily through uric acid as an intermediary that further affects CVH. Additionally, adequate intake of vitamins C and E can effectively mitigate CVH impairment caused by PFAS exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 4","pages":"625-632"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Association of non-invasive atherosclerotic indicators with cardiovascular disease risk in adults in 10 areas of China].","authors":"S Gong, R Jiao, C Q Yu, P Pei, H D Du, J S Chen, Z M Chen, J Lyu, L M Li, D J Y Sun","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250916-00652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250916-00652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To investigate the associations between multiple non-invasive atherosclerotic indicators and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes in Chinese adults. <b>Methods:</b> Based on data from the second resurvey (2013-2014) of the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB), covering 25 239 adults across 10 regions, this study excluded 4 366 participants with missing key covariates and 3 386 with a prior history of coronary heart disease or stroke. A total of 17 487 adults were initially included to describe baseline characteristics. After further excluding participants with missing data on specific non-invasive atherosclerotic indicators, the final sample sizes for the association analyses were 17 456 for carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), 17 456 for carotid plaque, 17 272 for ankle-brachial index (ABI), and 13 916 for arterial stiffness indicators. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze the associations of the four non-invasive atherosclerotic indicators [cIMT, carotid plaque, ABI, and arterial stiffness indices(reflection index and stiffness index)] with the risks of ischemic heart disease (IHD), ischemic stroke (IS), hemorrhagic stroke (HS), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and total CVD. <b>Results:</b> During an average follow-up of 7.8 years, 3 975 incident CVD events were observed. cIMT thickening (<i>HR</i>=1.16-1.31) and the presence of carotid plaque (<i>HR</i>=1.21-1.43) were independent risk factors for IHD, IS, HS, MACE, and total CVD. Specifically, cIMT thickening increased the risk of total CVD by 21% (<i>HR</i>=1.21, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.12-1.31), and the presence of carotid plaque increased the risk of total CVD by 27% (<i>HR</i>=1.27, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.18-1.37). Both cIMT and plaque burden scores showed significant positive dose-response relationships with the risks of the aforementioned outcomes (<i>P</i> for trend <0.05): for every 1.0 mm increase in cIMT, the risk increased by 48%-74% (<i>HR</i>=1.48-1.74); for every 1.00-point increase in plaque burden score, the risk increased by 11%-17% (<i>HR</i>=1.11-1.17). ABI demonstrated a non-linear U-shaped association with CVD risk, with the lowest risk observed in the ABI range of 1.0-1.3. However, after adjustment for multiple testing, ABI showed no statistically significant associations with any cardiovascular endpoints. Similarly, arterial stiffness indices (reflection index and stiffness index) showed no statistically significant associations with cardiovascular endpoints. <b>Conclusions:</b> Both cIMT thickening and carotid plaque burden are significantly associated with an elevated risk of CVD, suggesting that incorporating non-invasive atherosclerotic indicators, particularly those derived from carotid ultrasound, into risk assessment may facilitate more comprehensive risk stratification and prevention for high-risk CVD populations in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 4","pages":"586-594"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Study on utilization patterns of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis services and influence path of medication compliance in male population].","authors":"X H Zhang, Y R Zhang, Q Wang, J Liang, Y Z Gu, Z G Han, J Li, Y K Xu, Z Jiang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250812-00574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250812-00574","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; To explore the utilization patterns of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) service and the influence path of medication compliance in male population, and to provide a reference for optimizing the PrEP medication service strategy in China. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; A cross-sectional study design was adopted. From June to October 2023, in the three provincial capital cities of Kunming, Zhengzhou and Guangzhou where PrEP was piloted, relying on the Center for Disease Control and Control, social organizations of men who had sex with men and designated hospitals of each city, a snowball sampling method was used to recruit male individuals aged 18 years and above with PrEP medication experience as the research subjects. The recruitment sample size was 306 people. The information such as their sociodemographic characteristics, PrEP service utilization patterns, medication compliance and influence paths were collected. The latent category analysis (LCA) was used to identify its PrEP service utilization patterns, and partial least squares path model was used to analyze the influence paths of PrEP medication compliance to calculate the path coefficient (&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;) and the moderating effect of PrEP medication compliance was analyzed using the multiple linear regression model [to calculate the slope (&lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt;)].The statistical analysis was performed using R 4.4.2 software. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; A total of 290 subjects were included, with an age of (29.7±7.2) years. The majority of them were unmarried (89.7%) and had engaged in homosexual behavior (88.6%). Regarding the utilization patterns of PrEP medication services for the subjects, according to LCA, they were classified into three categories: category 1 (online initiation-loss to follow-up type), category 2 (health institution-full process management type), and category 3 (digital closed-loop-strong follow-up type), accounting for 31.3% (91/290), 37.7% (109/290), and 31.0% (90/290) respectively. The PrEP medication compliance was classified as poor, good, and moderate.The analysis of the influencing paths of PrEP medication adherence revealed that the positive influencing paths included different cities → different purchasing channels (&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;=0.599, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.527-0.668), different purchasing channels → service satisfaction (&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;=0.482, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.381-0.573), the frequency of safe sex use in the past 6 months → the risk motivation for unprotected sexual behavior (&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;=0.373, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.263-0.482), liver and kidney function tests and follow-up service utilization → service satisfaction (&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;=0.337, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.256-0.416). The analysis of moderating effects showed that category 2 (health institution-full process management type) had a strong moderating effect on the influence path from service satisfaction of the research subjects to PrEP medication adherence (&lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt;=1.483, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001). &lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; The utilization pattern of PrEP medication services had","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 4","pages":"700-708"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Genetic characteristics analysis of the VP1 region of coxsackievirus A2 in Guangdong Province, 2008-2024].","authors":"M Y Zhou, Y Long, W Zhang, J Lu, C X Li, B X Ke, H R Zeng, B S Li","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250819-00590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250819-00590","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze the epidemic characteristics of coxsackievirus A2 (CV-A2) and the genetic variation pattern of its VP1 region in Guangdong Province from 2008 to 2024. <b>Methods:</b> Pathogenic specimens were collected through the hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) laboratory surveillance network from 2008 to 2024. CV-A2 was detected in other enterovirus-positive samples other than EV-A71/CV-A16/CV-A6. Viruses were isolated from human rhabdomyosarcoma cells, and the VP1 region was amplified and sequenced. Mega 12.0 software constructed the phylogenetic tree, and the amino acid mutation sites were analyzed by BioAider 1.727 software. <b>Results:</b> A total of 495 cases of CV-A2 were enrolled, including 1 death and 22 severe cases. The average annual number of cases was 55 during 2017-2024 and 6 during 2008-2016, with a significant difference (<i>χ</i>²=3.84, <i>P</i><0.001). The phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 region showed that, from 2008 to 2023, all strains except one and subtype C3 belonged to genotype D, while all 10 strains in 2024 belonged to subtype C3. A total of 135 amino acid mutation sites were found, among which N17D, E130A, F252Y, and P282Q were common to all strains. High-frequency mutations were concentrated in sites 101-130 (epitope region) and 195-213 (receptor binding region) of VP1. Q175R, H113Y, S170F, F193S, T148I high-frequency mutations (count ≥10 times) were detected in severe cases, and a Q142-specific deletion mutation was found in death cases. <b>Conclusions:</b> There is a transition from genotype D to C3 in 2024, and the high-frequency mutation in the VP1 region may affect viral antigenicity and pathogenicity. It is necessary to strengthen CV-A2 surveillance to assess better the epidemic risk and the mechanisms underlying severe disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 4","pages":"739-744"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Intimate partner violence-mediated association between childhood sexual abuse and HIV infection risk among men who have sex with men].","authors":"N Li, J L Zhang, M X Zhai, Q Y Yu, L Xiong, Y Z Zhu, B Yu, H Yan","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20251013-00717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20251013-00717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To explore the association between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and HIV infection risk among men who have sex with men (MSM), and to examine the mediating role of intimate partner violence (IPV) in the relationship, thereby providing a reference basis for targeted interventions. <b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional study design was adopted. From July 2023 to January 2024, with the assistance of social organizations for sexual minorities in Wuhan, a total of 1 321 MSM were recruited by convenient sampling and peer-driven sampling methods. The questionnaire designed by the mobile version of Wenjuanxing was used to collect information such as the sociodemographic characteristics, CSA, IPV and HIV high-risk behaviors of subjects. The HIV infection risk score was calculated using the comprehensive risk assessment tool. The effects of CSA and IPV on high-risk behaviors were analyzed by multiple linear regression, and the mediating effect of IPV was tested by the Bootstrap method. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to IPV types and different HIV high-risk behaviors. <b>Results:</b> Among the 1 054 subjects of MSM, the self-reporting rates of those who had experienced CSA and IPV were 22.8% (240/1 054) and 14.8% (158/1 054), respectively. Among high-risk behaviors of HIV, the self-reporting rates of having 2-5 homosexual sexual partners in the last 6 months, unprotected anal sex in the last 6 months, and having multiple sexual partners were 59.1% (623/1 054), 49.2% (519/1 054), and 26.3% (277/1 054), respectively.The multiple linear regression model analysis showed that MSM who had experienced CSA and IPV had a higher HIV infection risk score (<i>β</i>=0.437, 95%<i>CI</i>: 0.051-0.823; <i>β</i>=0.465, 95%<i>CI</i>: 0.008-0.920).Subgroup analysis of IPV types revealed that suffering IPV played a partial mediating role in the relationship between CSA and HIV infection risk score (<i>β</i>=0.045, 95%<i>CI</i>: 0.002-0.110), with the mediating effect accounting for 10.3% of the total effect. Subgroup analysis of high-risk behaviors for HIV revealed that in CSA and unprotected anal sex relationships, comprehensive, suffered and administered IPV (<i>β</i>=0.015, 95%<i>CI</i>: 0.002-0.030; <i>β</i>=0.014, 95%<i>CI</i>: 0.001-0.020; <i>β</i>=0.017, 95%<i>CI</i>: 0.002-0.030) all exerted a complete mediating effect. In the relationship between CSA and parallel multiple sexual partners, the comprehensive and implemented IPV (<i>β</i>=0.009, 95%<i>CI</i>: 0.000-0.020; <i>β</i>=0.011, 95%<i>CI</i>: 0.001-0.020) exert a complete mediating effect. <b>Conclusions:</b> MSM who have experienced CSA directly increase the risk of HIV infection, and can also indirectly increase the risk of HIV infection through IPV. Moreover, the mediating effect of IPV showed specificity in terms of type and behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 4","pages":"709-716"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of typhoid and paratyphoid fever and patient medical treatment seeking flow in Guizhou Province, 2015-2024].","authors":"X Y Xiang, J Y Yang, H Huang, C Yu, S J Li, G H Yao","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250901-00617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250901-00617","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of typhoid/paratyphoid fever and the patient medical treatment flow in Guizhou Province from 2015 to 2024, and provide reference for the prevention and control of typhoid/paratyphoid fever. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; The incidence data of typhoid/paratyphoid fever in Guizhou from 2015 to 2024 were collected from the Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System of the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The data of the epidemics were obtained from the Public Health Emergency Management Information System and the field investigation reports from local centers for disease control and prevention. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of typhoid/paratyphoid fever and the patient medical-seeking flow. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; From 2015 to 2024, a total of 4 476 cases, including 2 deaths, of typhoid/paratyphoid fever were reported in Guizhou, i.e. 3 294 cases of typhoid fever and 1 182 cases of paratyphoid fever. The annual average incidence rate was 1.22/100 000, and the case fatality rate was 0.044 7%. In the reported cases, 1 793 (40.06%) were confirmed, including 1 065 cases of typhoid fever and 728 cases of paratyphoid fever. The overall incidence rate showed a downward trend (average annual percentage change=-6.50%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.005). The period with high-incidence was from June to October (2 415 cases, 53.95%). The average incidence rate was high in Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (4.23/100 000), Liupanshui (1.63/100 000), and Tongren (1.38/100 000). The average incidence rate in rural area (1.69/100 000) was higher than that in urban area (0.76/100 000). The male to female ratio of the cases was 1.10∶1 (2 346∶2 130), and the majority of the cases were aged 5-69 years (3 917 cases, 83.09%). The majority of the cases were the jobless and unemployed (1 625 cases, 36.30%), home-cared children (695 cases, 15.53%), and students (654 cases, 14.61%). A total of 6 epidemics of typhoid/paratyphoid fever were reported with an attack rate of 0.43% (107/24 919). The epidemics occurred in 3 schools, 3 rural communities, and 3 urban-rural fringe communities. There were 5 waterborne transmission cases and 1 foodborne transmission case. In the 4 476 cases of typhoid/paratyphoid fever, 10.37% sought medical treatment in local areas, 85.30% sought medical treatment in the province, and 4.33% sought medical treatment in other provinces. In 33 counties (districts) in Guizhou, there were 1 572 typhoid/paratyphoid fever cases seeking medical treatment in the province, in whom 1 505 (95.74%) went to the provincial or prefectural capital cities for medical treatment. In the 194 cases seeking medical treatment in other province, 108 went to Yunnan (55.67%). In the 4 476 typhoid/paratyphoid fever cases reported in Guizhou, 2 081 were reported by county (district) level medical institutions (46.49%), and 29 were reported by ","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 4","pages":"649-658"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis on the attributable burden of smoking-related cancers in Guangdong Province in 2020].","authors":"X L Wen, Y Liao, X M Lin, J Y Li, Q Zhu, B F Han, L Li, R Chen, K X Sun, R S Zheng, Y Gao, X Y Zheng, J S Li, X L Song, N Xiao, W W Wei, Y Wang, S M Wang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250814-00582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250814-00582","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze the burden of cancer attributable to smoking in Guangdong Province, in order to provide scientific evidence for the precise implementation of tobacco control and cancer prevention strategies in the region. <b>Methods:</b> Using tobacco exposure data from the representative Guangdong Risk Factor surveillance in 2010 and relative risk (<i>RR</i>) values from Meta-analyses or national cohort studies, we applied Levin's formula to estimate the population attributable fraction (PAF) of cancer attributable to smoking. Cancer burden data from 40 cancer registries, stratified by sex, region, and age group, were combined with demographic data to estimate new cancer cases and deaths across Guangdong Province in 2020. These estimates were multiplied by the PAFs to obtain the number of attributable new cases and deaths for specific sexes, regions, and age groups. We then aggregated them to obtain the smoking-attributable burden of cancer new cases and deaths. <b>Results:</b> In 2020, 11.6% (33 535) of new cancer cases and 16.3% (21 331) of cancer deaths were attributable to smoking. PAFs for incidence (19.3%) and mortality (22.6%) among males were higher than those among females (3.1% and 4.6%). Rural residents exhibited higher PAFs for incidence (13.4%) and mortality (18.1%) than those among urban residents (10.5% and 14.9%), with a tendency to increase and then decrease with age. A total of 30 215 new cancer cases (PAF was 10.5%) and 19 814 cancer deaths (PAF was 15.2%) were attributable to active smoking. Tracheal cancer/bronchial cancer/lung cancer was the most significant smoking-related cancer, with active smoking accounting for nearly 50.0% of tracheal cancer/bronchial cancer/lung cancer cases in males (PAF for incidence was 49.4% and PAF for mortality was 47.9%) and second-hand smoking accounting for approximately 10.0% of tracheal cancer/bronchial cancer/lung cancer cases in females (PAF for incidence was 13.0% and PAF for mortality was 10.5%). <b>Conclusions:</b> Smoking is a major risk factor for cancer, with higher PAFs among males, rural residents, and middle-aged and elderly populations, while females were mainly affected by second-hand smoking. Effective tobacco control measures, exact interventions targeting high-risk groups, are critical to reduce cancer burden in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 4","pages":"633-641"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}