中华流行病学杂志最新文献

{"title":"[Study on the relationship between parenting styles of toddlers aged 30 months and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptom trajectories in preschool children].","authors":"H Li, J Tong, X Wang, S Q Yan, K Huang, X Y Wu, S M Tao, B B Zhu, H Gao, F B Tao","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240826-00522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240826-00522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To explore the relationship between parenting styles of toddlers aged 30 months and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom trajectories in preschool children. <b>Methods:</b> The subjects were 2 111 children and their parents in Ma'anshan Birth Cohort. Parenting styles were assessed at 30 months of age using the Brief Toddler Parenting Style Questionnaire, which defines parenting styles on four dimensions: warmth and interaction, attention and acceptance, outdoor and social activities, and neglect and restrictions. The Chinese version of the Conners Abbreviated Symptom Questionnaire was used to examine preschooler's ADHD symptoms aged 3, 5, and 6 years. ADHD symptom trajectories were fitted using group-based trajectory modeling. The multinomial logistic regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between parenting styles at 30 months of age and ADHD symptom trajectories in children. The additive and multiplicative models were applied to analyze the interaction effect of negative parenting styles in children's ADHD symptom trajectories. <b>Results:</b> ADHD symptom trajectories in children included the low-score (48.3%), moderate-score (47.7%), and high-score groups (4.0%). After adjusting for the confounding factors, the results of the multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that negative parenting styles of the father/mother were associated with ADHD symptom trajectories in children (<i>P</i><0.05). The father/mother's low warmth and interaction (father: <i>OR</i>=2.07,95%<i>CI</i>:1.68-2.54; mother: <i>OR</i>=2.02,95%<i>CI</i>:1.64-2.48), low attention and acceptance (father: <i>OR</i>=1.94,95%<i>CI</i>:1.57-2.39; mother:<i>OR</i>=1.47,95%<i>CI</i>:1.20-1.81), low outdoor and social (father: <i>OR</i>=1.74,95%<i>CI</i>:1.43-2.13; mother: <i>OR</i>=1.60,95%<i>CI</i>:1.32-1.94), and high neglect and restriction (father: <i>OR</i>=2.09,95%<i>CI</i>:1.67-2.62; mother:<i>OR</i>=2.06,95%<i>CI</i>:1.65-2.56) were associated with ADHD symptom moderate-score trajectories compared to the low-score trajectory group, mother's low warmth and interaction, low outdoor and social, and high neglect and restrictions. Statistically significant association was seen in negative parenting styles of fathers with the high-score group. There was a multiplicative interaction for hostile parenting (<i>P</i><0.05). The additive interaction results showed that there was a synergistic effect of hostile parenting, which increased the risk of the high-score trajectories of ADHD symptoms in children. <b>Conclusions:</b> Both parents' parenting styles influenced ADHD symptom change the trajectories in preschoolers. Negative parenting styles of the father/mother increase the risk of the moderate-score and high-score trajectories of ADHD symptoms in children. Hostile parenting by both parents has a synergistic impact on the risk of ADHD symptom trajectories in children, and the simultaneous presence of both increases the","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 4","pages":"709-716"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Study on the association between heatwaves and fall-related mortality risk in seven provinces of China].","authors":"Z Y Jiang, R L Meng, R Y Zhang, X L Gu, J X Hu, M Yu, Y Chen, C L Zhou, B Huang, Z Y Liang, S J Chen, J H Li, G H He, T Liu, H Guo, W J Ma","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240911-00569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240911-00569","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To evaluate the association between heatwaves and fall-related mortality. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 61 421 fall-related mortality from 2013 to 2022 in 7 provinces of China were included in a time-stratified case-crossover design, with daily meteorological data derived from the fifth generation European Reanalysis dataset produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Conditional logistic regression chimeric distributed lag nonlinear model was used to analyze the association between heatwaves and fall-related mortality and stratified analysis was conducted according to gender and age. <b>Results:</b> Heatwaves were associated with an increased risk of fall-related morality. The risk of fall-related mortality during heatwaves was higher than during non-heatwave periods (<i>OR</i>=1.11, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.05-1.18). The attributable fraction of fall-related motality due to heatwaves was 10.25% (95%<i>CI</i>: 4.49%-15.36%). For each 1 ℃ increase above the heatwave threshold, the risk of fall-related mortality increased by 34% (<i>OR</i>=1.34, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.02-1.76). The effect of heatwave duration on fall-related mortality was not statistically significant. Stratified analyses indicated that women experienced a higher risk of fall-related mortality during heatwaves (<i>OR</i>=1.13, 95%<i>CI:</i> 1.04-1.22) compared to man (<i>OR</i>=1.10, 95%<i>CI:</i> 1.04-1.17). <b>Conclusions:</b> Heatwave increases the risk of fall-related mortality, and the intensity of heatwaves modify this risk. Women are vulnerable populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 4","pages":"566-572"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Burden of influenza-associated consultations in China from 2011 to 2021 surveillance years].","authors":"Y X Shen, Z B Peng, Y Qin, X Y Yu, R N Su, Q Y Wang, J D Zheng, H T Zhao, X K Yang, Y P Zhang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241216-00804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241216-00804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To estimate the burden of influenza-associated outpatient consultations in China from 2011 to 2021 surveillance years to provide a reference for developing influenza prevention, control strategies, and vaccination policies. <b>Methods:</b> Data on influenza-like illness (ILI) and virological confirmation of sentinel specimens from 2011 to 2021 surveillance years were extracted from China's national sentinel surveillance system. Generalized additive models were fitted to estimate influenza-associated excess ILI outpatient burden, accounting for seasonal baselines and meteorological factors. <b>Results:</b> Influenza was associated with an average of 1.66 (95%<i>CI</i>: 1.51-1.80) excess ILI consultations per 1 000 person-years (py) in China each year from 2011 to 2021 surveillance years. The influenza-associated outpatient burden was similar across different virus types/subtypes. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 led to a higher rate of influenza- associated ILI consultations [0.65 (95%<i>CI</i>: 0.53-0.76) per 1 000 py] compared to other types/subtypes. The age groups with the highest burdens were children aged 0-4 years and 5-14 years, with excess outpatient consultation rates of 15.23 (95%<i>CI</i>: 13.73-16.73) per 1 000 py and 13.53 (95%<i>CI</i>: 12.49-14.52) per 1 000 py, respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> Influenza caused many outpatient consultations in China, particularly among children aged 0-14. Continuous influenza monitoring and disease burden assessment should be conducted, and close attention should be paid to the changing trends of various influenza virus types/subtypes. When formulating vaccination strategies, priority should be given to recommending vaccination for high-risk populations, such as children.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 4","pages":"612-618"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144054082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Application of the back-calculation method for estimating new HIV infections in Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, 2010-2023].","authors":"M Y Xiao, Y C Yang, M H Jia, H L Tang, Y H Shi, L R Fu, Z Y Zhang, R H Tang, X W Wang, F F Chen","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241104-00688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241104-00688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> New HIV infections serve as a crucial indicator for assessing the dynamic changes in the HIV epidemic. This study aims to estimate the number of new HIV infections in Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province (Dehong), using a back-calculation method that integrates diagnosis delay approaches and Bayesian theory. Additionally, it compares the differences between these two estimation methods. <b>Methods:</b> Data were obtained from the Chinese Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Based on CD4⁺ T lymphocytes (CD4) counts depletion model, the first CD4 count prior to antiretroviral therapy of HIV-infected individuals diagnosed in Dehong from 2010 to 2023 was utilized to retroactively determine the infection date of HIV-infected individuals and ascertain the annual number of new HIV infections who had been diagnosed. Subsequently, the diagnosis delay distribution method and Bayesian theory were leveraged to assess the diagnosis probability of newly infected individuals, thereby projecting the number of new HIV infections in the region over the specified period. <b>Results:</b> During 2010-2023, a total of 5 693 individuals aged 15 and above, excluding mother-to-child transmission, were diagnosed with HIV in Dehong. After excluding 364 cases due to missing CD4 count results or abnormal first CD4 counts (≥2 000 cells/μl), 5 329 HIV-infected individuals were included in the final analysis. Through CD4 counts back-calculation from 2010 to 2023, the annual number of new infections diagnosed was 479, 427, 337, 305, 256, 219, 194, 193, 131, 166, 120, 71, 42 and 47. When using the diagnosis delay distribution method and life table analysis, the cumulative diagnosis probability rose from 0.301 within one year to 0.913 within 14 years, leading to a reduction in the number of estimated new infections from 577 in 2010 to 168 in 2023, with a total estimate of 4 412 (95%<i>CI</i>:4 350-4 480). Alternatively, based on Bayesian theory, the diagnosis probability increased from 0.413 within one year to 0.946 within 14 years, leading to a reduction in the number of estimated new infections from 557 in 2010 to 122 in 2023, with a total of 3 814 (95%<i>CI</i>: 3 787-3 837). <b>Conclusions:</b> Both methods yielded consistent results in estimating new HIV infections in Dehong from 2010 to 2023. Given the region's ongoing expansion of HIV testing, the estimates derived from Bayesian theory may more accurately reflect the actual situation. These findings provide a reference basis for formulating and optimizing HIV/AIDS prevention and control strategies in Dehong, facilitating progress toward the goal of eliminating AIDS by 2030 in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 4","pages":"669-675"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Application of master protocol design in the clinical evaluation of infectious disease vaccines].","authors":"W Q Liu, Y Q Li, L R Jin, P F Jin, F C Zhu, J X Li","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240812-00492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240812-00492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The master protocol design encompasses a comprehensive clinical trial protocol containing multiple sub-protocols, which can be used to evaluate the clinical intervention effects of various drugs or vaccines on various diseases. Particularly, this design strategy represents an efficient and innovative approach to trial design in the context of precision medicine. The master protocol design can be used for emerging infectious diseases and urgent vaccine development in complex situations. This review aims to outline the types and concepts of master protocol design, analyze the key points and details, and discuss its application scenarios in vaccine clinical evaluations. Additionally, it will explore potential challenges that may arise during implementation to provide references for optimizing emergency clinical trial designs of infectious disease vaccines in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 4","pages":"724-729"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of pulmonary tuberculosis detection among patients aged 65 and older in China, 2015-2023].","authors":"Y S Liu, M K Fan, C Y Zhang, T Li, Y H Li, J Cheng, H Zhang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241029-00671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241029-00671","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To investigate the detection status of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among patients aged ≥65 years in China and provide evidence for improving PTB prevention and control in this population. <b>Methods:</b> The data were collected from the tuberculosis subsystem of Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information System, and the case information of elderly PTB patients aged ≥65 years old who were registered in designated tuberculosis medical institutions nationwide from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2023.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze trends in detection status, regional differences, and demographic characteristics. <b>Results:</b> From 2015 to 2023, 1 567 047 elderly PTB detection were identified, accounting for 25.1% of all PTB patients (1 567 047/6 243 215). The average registration rate for elderly PTB patients was 96.9 per 100 000, approximately twice that of the general population. The registration rate declined over the years (<i>Z</i>=-2.61, <i>P</i>=0.009) but increased in 2018 and 2023. The proportion of elderly PTB patients rose annually, from 21.3% in 2015 to 32.4% in 2023 (<i>Z</i>=2.30, <i>P</i>=0.022). Active case-finding accounted for only 3.0% (47 049/1 567 047) of patients on average during the study period, peaking at 7.3% (14 123/194 615) in 2018 before declining. The registration rates of elderly tuberculosis patients are relatively higher in central and western regions. In the central region, the average registration rate was 113.8 per 100 000, with a proportion of active case detection of 0.4% (2 532/570 059). In the western region, the average registration rate was 130.0 per 100 000, and the proportion of active case-finding was 7.6% (41 973/549 998). Subgroups with notably lower active detection proportions included males (2.5%, 27 443/1 101 091), those aged 80-84 years (2.2%, 2 978/133 855), and migrant populations (0.5%, 1 635/307 673). <b>Conclusions:</b> The burden of PTB among the elderly aged ≥65 years in China remains high, with a low proportion of active case-finding from 2015-2023. There is an urgent need to strengthen health education and active screening to improve the early diagnosis and prevention of tuberculosis in the elderly.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 4","pages":"630-637"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144049893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Prevalence of psychoactive substance use and related factors in men who have unprotected sex with men in Zhejiang Province].","authors":"T T Jiang, C C Nie, L He, Q Q Ma, W J Chen, H Wang, W Y Chen, J L Zheng, C L Chai","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240725-00456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240725-00456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To understand the prevalence of psychoactive substance use and related factors in men who have unprotected sex with men in Zhejiang Province. <b>Methods:</b> Men who have unprotected sex with men were recruited by snowball sampling through men who have sex with men (MSM) social organization in Zhejiang to conduct a cross-sectional investigation from January 2022 to December 2023. The sample size was estimated to be 1 169 individuals. The information about their socio-demographic information, sexual behaviors, psychoactive substance use, and HIV testing were collected through on-site questionnaire survey. Logistic regression analysis model was used to analyze related factors about psychoactive substance use in this population. <b>Results:</b> A total of 1 914 men who have unprotected sex with men were included in the study, the average age of the study subjects was (31.43±10.46) years, and most of them were aged ≤35 years (70.8%, 1 356/1 914). Those with education level of high school or below accounted for 50.1% (960/1 914) and those who were not married accounted for 63.5% (1 216/1 914). Psychoactive substance use in the past 3 months was reported in 19.7% (377/1 914) of the subjects. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the factors associated with psychoactive substance use in the past 3 months included age 26-35 years (a<i>OR</i>=1.65, 95%<i>CI:</i> 1.24-2.19), ≥2 sexual partners in the past 3 months (a<i>OR</i>=2.33, 95%<i>CI:</i> 1.82-2.97), STD diagnosed in the past 3 months (a<i>OR</i>=2.62, 95%<i>CI:</i> 1.45-4.74), and awareness of the HIV infection status of sexual partners (a<i>OR</i>=2.83, 95%<i>CI:</i> 2.12-3.78). <b>Conclusions:</b> The prevalence of psychoactive substance use in men who have unprotected sex with men was high in Zhejiang. It is necessary to strengthen the intervention in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 4","pages":"695-699"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144049200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Prospective association between liver biomarkers and mortality risk in Chinese middle-aged and elderly populations].","authors":"S Y Song, T Wu, C Q Yu, D J Y Sun, P Pei, H D Du, J S Chen, Z M Chen, J Lyu, L M Li, Y J Pang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241209-00781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241209-00781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze the prospective associations between liver biomarkers and mortality among Chinese middle-aged and elderly populations and to evaluate the mortality risk predictive value. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 22 758 participants from the 3^rd resurvey of the China Kadoorie Biobank were included. Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze the prospective associations of 5 liver biomarkers with mortality. These liver biomarkers included two liver imaging biomarkers (liver fat attenuation parameter, liver stiffness measurement) and three serum liver enzyme biomarkers [gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), ALT, and AST]. Restricted cubic spline was used to assess the nonlinear associations between biomarkers and mortality. The area used the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) to evaluate the predictive ability of the models after incorporating liver biomarkers into traditional prediction models for mortality. <b>Results:</b> The mean age of the participants was (65.2±9.1) years, with a median follow-up of 1.5 years, during which 307 deaths occurred. Compared to individuals without hepatic steatosis, those with severe hepatic steatosis had a 79% higher risk of mortality, with a <i>HR</i> of 1.79 (95%<i>CI</i>: 1.06-3.03). Compared to individuals without hepatic fibrosis, those with advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis had higher mortality risks of 48% and 91%, respectively (both <i>P</i><0.05). For each standard deviation increase in GGT, the mortality risk increased by 10% (<i>HR</i>=1.10, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.05-1.15), with the positive association plateauing at higher GGT levels. AST exhibited a U-shaped association with mortality risk. The AUC of the prediction model adding liver biomarkers into traditional prediction factors was 0.718 (95%<i>CI</i>: 0.679-0.757), with an increase of 0.030 (<i>P</i><0.001) compared with the traditional model. <b>Conclusions:</b> Severe hepatic steatosis, higher levels of hepatic fibrosis, and elevated GGT levels are significantly associated with higher mortality risk. AST shows a U-shaped nonlinear association with mortality risk. Incorporating liver biomarkers into traditional risk prediction models enhance the ability to predict mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 4","pages":"549-556"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis prevention and control in Jiangsu Province from 2013 to 2023].","authors":"H Ding, Q J Yu, X Y Ding, Y Shao, P Lu, Z Q Li, L M Zhu, Q Liu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240802-00472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240802-00472","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To investigate the trends in detection, treatment, and outcomes of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in Jiangsu Province from 2013 to 2023, assess the effectiveness of control policies and measures for drug-resistant TB, and provide evidence for better control of drug-resistant TB. <b>Methods:</b> Data and indicators related to the screening, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of rifampicin-resistant TB in Jiangsu Province from 2013 to 2023 were obtained from the Tuberculosis Management Information System. The Joinpoint regression method was employed to analyze the trends over this period, and annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) were calculated. A comparative analysis was also conducted to evaluate the changes before and after implementing relevant policies and measures. <b>Results:</b> From 2013 to 2023, the number of registered rifampicin-resistant TB patients in Jiangsu Province showed a consistent upward trend (APC=AAPC=1.45%, <i>P</i>=0.035). The screening rates for drug resistance among new TB patients in high-risk groups and the proportion of molecular biological testing for drug resistance all exhibited increasing trends, with a notable turning point occurring in 2018. The trend of the treatment enrollment rate for rifampicin-resistant TB patients experienced a significant shift in 2020, showing a marked increase from 2013 to 2020 (APC=12.91%, <i>P</i>=0.008). The treatment success rate of rifampicin-resistant TB patients also showed a significant upward trend after a turning point in 2020 (APC=9.94%, <i>P</i>=0.004). <b>Conclusion:</b> From 2013 to 2023, significant progress was seen in preventing and treating rifampicin-resistant TB in Jiangsu Province, with relevant policies and measures proving to be highly effective.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 4","pages":"655-661"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144044584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The application of sequential analysis for continuous post-market vaccine safety surveillance].","authors":"Z X Lu, M S Li, J H Pan, Y W Wu, H L Li, E Yu, H M Wo, S W Tang, Y Zhao, J C Dai, H G Yi","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240807-00482","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240807-00482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To explore the application of sequential analysis in post-market safety dynamic surveillance of vaccines. Under the dynamic monitoring data of vaccines post-market approval, this research introduces the fundamental principles of maximizing sequential probability ratio test (MaxSPRT) and Bayesian sequential analysis, employing R software. Through an example of dynamic safety monitoring data of vaccines post-market approval, we analyze using the MaxSPRT and Bayesian sequential analysis. The MaxSPRT identified a safety signal in week 4 (<i>P</i><0.05), while Bayesian sequential analysis indicated that the 95% highest density interval for the <i>RR</i> value at week 4 is 1.13-3.27, suggesting the first appearance of a safety signal at week 4. The MaxSPRT and Bayesian sequential analysis effectively leverage continuously accumulating dynamic monitoring data, thereby serving as a valuable method for post-market safety surveillance of vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 3","pages":"514-518"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}