中华流行病学杂志最新文献

{"title":"[Correlation between serum uric acid-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and risk of all-cause death or cardiovascular disease death in urban and rural elderly of Beijing].","authors":"X X Ye, S S Wang, S M Chen, J H Yang, Y T Shi, H H Li, Y H Bao, W C Wang, S Y Du, Y H Wan, J H Wang, S S Yang, M Liu, Y He","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241225-00823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241225-00823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze the correlation between serum uric acid-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (UHR) and risk of all-cause death or cardiovascular disease (CVD) death among urban and rural elderly in Beijing. <b>Methods:</b> Based on the Beijing Healthy Aging Cohort Study, 9 022 participants with complete baseline data were enrolled, and their survival and death outcomes were followed up. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression model were used to analyze the associations between the UHR level and the risks of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality. <b>Results:</b> As of March 31, 2021, the median follow-up time <i>M</i>(<i>Q</i>₁,<i>Q</i>₃) was 6.18 (5.36, 6.75) years. There were 1 166 all-deaths, with a death density of 19.26 per 1 000 person-years, and 562 CVD deaths, with a death density of 9.28 per 1 000 person-years. After adjusting sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle factors, multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression model showed that the risk of all-cause mortality increased by 3% (<i>HR</i>=1.03, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.02-1.04) and the risk of CVD mortality increased by 4% (<i>HR</i>=1.04, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.02-1.06) for every 1% increase in UHR. Compared with the <i>T</i>₁ group of UHR tertiles, the <i>T</i>₃ group had a 42% increase in the risk of all-cause death (<i>HR</i>=1.42, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.22-1.66) and a 53% increase in the risk of CVD death (<i>HR</i>=1.53, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.21-1.94). <b>Conclusions:</b> The UHR level is significantly associated with the risks of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality among urban and rural older adults in Beijing. The UHR level may be one of the potential predictors of death risk in community-dwelling older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 6","pages":"986-993"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of pathogen distribution and epidemiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children from 2019-2023].","authors":"G Q Zhang, Y Zhang, B Peng, C M Zhu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250111-00029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250111-00029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To understand the pathogen distribution characteristics of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTI) in hospitalized children in the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Center for Chlidren's Health, Capital Medical University from 2019 to 2023, and to analyze their epidemiological features. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective analysis was conducted, including 5 558 children aged 0-18 years who were hospitalized and diagnosed with ALRTI in the respiratory department of Capital Center for Chlidren's Health, Capital Medical University from December 8, 2019, to December 31, 2023. Nasopharyngeal swabs, sputum, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens were collected for pathogen detection. <b>Results:</b> Among the 5 558 ALRTI hospitalized children, the positive detection rate of pathogens was 81.81% (4 547/5 558). In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens, Mycoplasma pneumoniae had the highest detection rate (33.52%), while Streptococcus pneumoniae had the highest detection rate (24.38%) in upper respiratory tract specimens. Mycoplasma pneumoniae (54.21%, <i>χ</i>²=1 034.58, <i>P</i><0.001) and adenovirus (5.09%, <i>χ</i>²=10.84, <i>P</i>=0.013) were most common in school-age children, human rhinovirus was more common in toddlers (26.42%, <i>χ</i>²=122.36, <i>P</i><0.001), and respiratory syncytial virus had the highest infection rate in infants (28.61%, <i>χ</i>²=326.47, <i>P</i><0.001). A total of 52.06% of the children had mixed infections (2 367/4 547), with the highest proportion of mixed infections in infants (62.54%). During the post- non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) period, the proportions of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (69.88% <i>vs.</i> 58.16%), human rhinovirus (30.37% <i>vs.</i> 14.02%), adenovirus (51.16% <i>vs.</i> 6.45%), influenza A virus (36.46% <i>vs.</i> 16.67%), and mixed infections (33.33% <i>vs.</i> 19.04%) in school-age children were significantly higher than during the NPIs period. In contrast, the proportions of respiratory syncytial virus (33.19% <i>vs.</i> 19.42%), adenovirus (11.29% <i>vs.</i> 4.65%), and mixed infections (17.75% <i>vs.</i> 10.89%) in infants were significantly lower than during the NPIs period. <b>Conclusion:</b> NPIs have changed the detection rate and epidemiology of respiratory pathogens in hospitalized children. After the end of NPIs, outbreaks of some pathogens may occur, so it is necessary to strengthen rapid pathogen detection, population surveillance, and health education.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 6","pages":"1036-1042"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Changes of hemagglutinin gene characteristics of influenza virus A(H3N2) during the 2022-2024 influenza season in Beijing].","authors":"D T Zhang, X M Peng, L Zhang, J C Zhao, J Xun, Y H Chu, L Zou, L L Ji, P Yang, Q Y Wang, G L Lu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240807-00481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240807-00481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze the changes in the phylogenetic and antigenic characteristics of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of influenza virus A(H3N2) [A(H3N2)] during the 2022-2024 influenza seasons in Beijing. <b>Methods:</b> The data of influenza-like cases and A(H3N2) strains from 17 network laboratories and their corresponding sentinel hospitals were collected during the 2022-2024 influenza seasons. The HA genes were amplified and sequenced after extracting nucleic acids of the chosen virus strains. BioEdit, the nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity were conducted, and the maximum likelihood method in MEGA 5.0 software was used to construct the phylogenetic tree of HA genes. Web Logo displayed the amino acid mutation, and the N-glycosylation sites of HA online were analyzed using the NetNGlyc1.0 Server online. The Datamonkey platform was utilized to analyze the positive selection pressure sites of the HA protein. <b>Results:</b> The 2022-2024 influenza season includes 2022-2023 and 2023-2024. During the influenza seasons of 2022-2024, the positive rates of A(H3N2) nucleic acid were 10.35% (2 127/20 543) and 10.47% (4 386/41 876), respectively. In the 2022-2023 influenza season, there were two peaks in the A(H3N2). The comparison of HA genes between all A(H3N2) strains studied with the 2022-2024 vaccine strain (A/Darwin/9/2021) revealed that all of the strains studied have the two amino acid mutations involving 186 and 225 receptor binding sites. There were 31 amino acid substitutions in the 2022-2023 influenza season, of which 18 variant sites involved antigenic determinants. There were 35 amino acid mutations during the 2023-2024 influenza season, of which 14 were related to antigenic determinants. There were changes in the genetic evolutionary subclades of A(H3N2) strains in two influenza seasons: from 2022 to 2023, three evolutionary subclades were co-prevalent together, with the 3C.2a1b.2a.2a.3a.1 accounting for 76.67% (23/30), the 3C.2a1b.2a.1a accounting for 20.00% (6/30), the 3C.2a1b.2a.2a.1 accounting for 3.33% (1/30); from 2023 to 2024, two subclades were prevalent, with 3C.2a1b.2a.2a.3a.1 accounting for 95.12% (39/41) and 3C.2a1b.2a.2a.1 accounting for 4.88% (2/41). The glycosylation site changes of the HA protein of A(H3N2) have been enhanced from 2023 to 2024. The 145 amino acid position of the HA protein of the A(H3N2) was the positive selection site for stress selection site analysis. <b>Conclusions:</b> The evolutionary subclades of the HA gene of A(H3N2) in Beijing showed changes from 2022 to 2024, and the glycosylation site polymorphism of the HA protein of A(H3N2) significantly increased from 2023 to 2024. Continuous monitoring of HA mutations in the A(H3N2) is crucial, providing a basis for developing influenza prevention and control strategies, as well as new strategic support for screening influenza vaccine components, vaccine design, and discovery of drug targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 6","pages":"1058-1066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of falls among elderly in Beijing communities].","authors":"C X Wang, S C Guan, H H Li, H J Liu, S M Hu, X G Wu, Y Zhao, C X Liu, X J Bai, X H Fang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241125-00750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241125-00750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To investigate the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of falls among the elderly community population in Beijing. <b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional survey was conducted using stratified multistage random sampling to select urban and rural residents aged 65 years and older in Beijing. Mortality data was collected after the baseline survey for 5 years. The incidence of falls was weighted based on the composition ratios of age and gender from the 2010 Nation-wide Population Census of Beijing. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the impacts of demographic sociology of common chronic diseases on fall occurrence. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the fall and 5-year survival association. <b>Results:</b> A total of 2 968 participants completed the questionnaire, at cross-sectional survey, with an average age of (73.2±6.0) years, and 1 581 (53.8%) participants were female. Three hundred and sixty-one individuals experienced a fall within the past year. Among those who fell, 64 (17.7%) fell twice, and 95 (26.6%) fell three or more times. Of them, 14.4% (52) had post-fall fractures, with the wrist, knee, and hip being the most common fracture sites, accounting for 25.0%, 17.3%, and 15.4%, respectively. The weighted fall incidence was 12.4% (95%<i>CI</i>: 11.2%-13.5%). Aging, being female, and living in rural areas were more likely to fall. Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age, gender, and urban-rural status, the risk of falls for those living alone (<i>OR</i>=1.48, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.08-2.04) or living with children/grandchildren (<i>OR</i>=1.51, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.15-1.97) were significantly higher than those living with their spouse. In addition, the risk of falls was elevated significantly among the elderly with hypertension, diabetes, stroke, dementia, depression status, urinary incontinence, arthritis, insomnia, vision, and hearing loss, dependence on activities of daily living (ADL), general and poor self-rated health (SRH). The Cox proportional hazard regression model revealed that the 5-year risk of death increased by 65% (<i>HR</i>=1.65, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.29-2.11) for those who experienced a fall, which increased with fall frequency. This elevated risk persisted after adjusting for chronic conditions, ADL, and SRH. <b>Conclusions:</b> Ageing, female, living in rural regions, having common chronic diseases, dependence on ADL, general and poor SRH, living alone or living with children/grandchildren were associated with the elevated fall risk. The occurrence of fall was seasonal. The most common short-term adverse consequence after a fall was fractures, while the long-term effect was an increased risk of death.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 6","pages":"994-1002"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Reassessing the scope of real-world data applications and the value of real-world evidence].","authors":"F Sun, M Zhang, H Y Zhao, Z R Yang, J L Zhu, J Li, L N Ji, J F Yang, S Y Zhan","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241104-00689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241104-00689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the past decade, real-world data (RWD) research has undergone significant transformations due to data aggregation and processing technologies. However, there is still a lack of consensus regarding the scope of RWD applications and the value of real-world evidence (RWE). This study briefly outlined the origins of the concept of RWD study and its early research scope to promote further development in this area. We also reviewed the understanding of RWD applications and research models from the five perspectives of healthcare professionals, medical institutions, decision-making departments, cross-regional cooperation model, and the practice of the One-Health model. Finally, we systematically summarized the renewed understanding of the value of RWE while looking ahead to the challenges and future developments in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 6","pages":"1079-1084"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and post-exposure exposure awareness and related factors among female sex workers in Zhejiang Province].","authors":"Y Xu, Q Q Ma, W Cheng, J Z Yang, J Jiang, T T Jiang, X H Pan","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241206-00773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241206-00773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> To understand the awareness of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP/PEP) and related factors among female sex workers (FSWs) in Zhejiang Province to provide a reference for promoting PrEP/PEP. <b>Methods:</b> From April to July 2023, a questionnaire survey was conducted at the surveillance posts of prostitutes in 17 counties (cities and districts) in Zhejiang Province. The sample size of each post was at least 400 FSWs, and the information on social demography, sexual behavior, AIDS knowledge, prevention services, and detection were collected. <b>Results:</b> A total of 6 899 FSWs were surveyed. Most of them were ≥30 years old (57.7%), had secondary school education or below (61.8%), and had worked locally for ≥12 months (52.6%). The prevalence of HIV PrEP and PEP awareness among FSWs was 52.0% (3 589/6 899) and 58.6% (4 045/6 899), respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the negative related factors of awareness of PrEP/PEP among FSWs included age ≥30 years, local working time <6 months, and condom use during commercial sex in the last 1 month. The positive related factors of awareness of PrEP/PEP among FSWs included marital status was married or cohabiting, aware of HIV/AIDS knowledge, working in medium or high-end venues, finding clients primarily online in the past 6 months, receiving HIV prevention services in the past year, and having self-tested for HIV in the past year. <b>Conclusions:</b> The overall awareness of PrEP/PEP was relatively low among FSWs in Zhejiang Province. Efforts should be made to strengthen the publicity and education of PrEP/PEP, especially for those who are older and more mobile and working in low-end venues, combined with HIV prevention services to increase the use of PrEP/PEP.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 6","pages":"1003-1007"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Epidemiological characteristics and immune effects of pertussis in Jiangxi Province, 2020-2023].","authors":"H Wu, S C Guo, J Liu, Y Q Zhao, J Wu, K M Liu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250106-00012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250106-00012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and immune effects of pertussis in Jiangxi Province from 2020 to 2023 and provide a reference basis for preventing and controlling pertussis in Jiangxi Province. <b>Methods:</b> The annual pertussis incidence data and population data of Jiangxi Province in the same period were derived from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, the population data for 2020 were derived from the seventh population census data of Jiangxi Province, and pertussis cases with PV immunization history were derived from the immunization program information system of Jiangxi Province. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze pertussis epidemic characteristics and PV immunization history in Jiangxi Province from 2020 to 2023. An expert modeler was used to construct the best time series model and perform seasonal decomposition. The chi-square test and Cochran-Armitage trend test were used for statistical analysis. Excel 2013 and SPSS 27.0 software were used for statistical analysis. <b>Results:</b> A total of 886 cases of pertussis were reported in Jiangxi Province from 2020 to 2023, with an average annual reported incidence rate of 0.49/100 000, showing a linear upward trend (<i>Z</i>=121.80, <i>P</i><0.001). The Winters' additive model was optimal to fit the monthly data with stable seasonality (Ljung-Box statistic <i>Q</i>=10.56, <i>P</i>=0.78), the average number of reported cases in August was higher than the annual average of 5.12. The top three cities with reported incidence rates were Pingxiang (1.11/100 000), Yichun (1.10/100 000), and Nanchang (0.73/100 000). The highest age composition of cases was in the under 1-year-old group (373 cases,42.10%). Under 1-year-old group, 5-9-years-old group, and ≥10-years-old group all showed an increasing trend in reported incidence year by year (all <i>P</i><0.001), and the reported incidence rate of under 1-year-old group increased from 12.42/100 000 in 2020 to 48.85/100 000 in 2023. A total of 545 cases (61.51%) had a history of PV immunization. Four doses PV immunization was the main ones (44.92%, 398 cases) and the median (<i>Q</i>₁<i>, Q</i>₃) interval from the last vaccination to onset was 4 (1,5) years. <b>Conclusions:</b> The reported incidence of pertussis in Jiangxi Province increased from 2020 to 2023. The cases are mainly concentrated in the under 1-year-old group. The rates of PV vaccination in pertussis cases was low, with more number of vaccine breakthrough infection cases with 4-doses PV vaccination. It has been suggested to continue doing the following: strengthening pertussis surveillance, improving the timeliness of pertussis vaccination, implementing the fifth dose as soon as possible for children over 6-year-old, strengthening the studies of vaccine breakthrough infection case, and optimizing the population immunity strategy of pertussis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 6","pages":"973-978"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Dose-dependent associations between screen time, contents and adolescents' mental health].","authors":"L H Zhou, B Yu, C C Xiao, J Chen, Y Z Zhu, Q Y Yu, T H Zhang, L Xiong, N Li, Y J Gong, J L Zhang, H Yan","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241014-00632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20241014-00632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To investigate the relationship between screen time and content, and the mental health status of adolescents. The findings will inform the formulation of targeted intervention policies to enhance adolescent mental health. <b>Methods:</b> Between September and November 2023, 5 197 students from 64 junior high, senior high, and vocational schools across 13 districts in Wuhan were recruited, using the stratified whole-cluster random sampling to investigate their screen behavior and mental health status. Mental health status was measured using the Mental Health Inventory for Chinese Middle School Students (MMHI-60). A generalized additive model was used to explore the nonlinear association between screen time and mental health status. Additionally, a mixed-effects model was utilized to explore the dose-response associations between average daily total screen time, screen time for different content types, and adolescents' mental health status and the impact of the proportion of different screen contents on mental health outcomes. <b>Results:</b> The age of the participants was (14.40±1.48) years, with 56.07% being boys. The MMHI-60 score averaged 1.73±0.70. The <i>M</i>(<i>Q</i>₁<i>,Q</i>₃) for daily total screen time was 50.00 (0.00,128.57) minutes. The <i>M</i>(<i>Q</i>₁<i>,Q</i>₃) for screen time dedicated to gaming, studying, socializing, and watching videos were 0.00 (0.00, 20.00), 8.57 (1.64, 44.50), 4.28 (0.00, 30.00), and 0.00 (0.00, 25.71) minutes, respectively. A non-linear association was observed between average daily screen time and adolescent mental health problem score, 0-1 hour of daily screen time was beneficial for adolescent mental, compared to no screen time. However, screen time exceeding 1 hour was detrimental, with the negative impact increasing alongside screen time duration. When total daily screen time was held constant, the proportion of time spent on gaming (<i>β</i>=0.14, 95%<i>CI</i>: 0.05-0.23,<i>P</i>=0.003) and video (<i>β</i>=0.21, 95%<i>CI</i>: 0.09-0.28, <i>P</i><0.001) was positively correlated with mental health problems, whereas the proportion of time spent on studying was negatively correlated with mental health problems (<i>β</i>=-0.17, 95%<i>CI</i>: -0.24 - -0.11, <i>P</i><0.001). <b>Conclusions:</b> Moderate screen time is advantageous for adolescent mental health. However, it is crucial to minimize the proportion of screen time dedicated to video and gaming activities to mitigate potential adverse effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 6","pages":"1030-1035"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Advances in the application of machine learning-related combined models in infectious disease prediction].","authors":"W H Hu, H M Sun, Y K Chang, J W Chen, Z C Du, Y Y Wei, Y T Hao","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240917-00580","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20240917-00580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When the epidemiology of infectious diseases is more complex, it is often difficult for disease prediction studies based on a single model to capture the multidimensional nature of disease transmission. In recent years, combining different models to improve infectious disease prediction has gradually become a research trend and hotspot. Existing studies have shown that combined models usually have higher prediction performance and better generalization ability. The current combined models mainly combine machine learning and other models, including time-series models, dynamic models, etcetera. In addition, integrated learning that combines diverse machine learning techniques also holds significant importance across various research domains. This paper reviews the progress of applying combined models around machine learning in infectious disease prediction to promote the innovation and practice of combined models for infectious diseases and help to build smarter and more efficient infectious disease early warning and prediction methods and systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 6","pages":"1085-1094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Acute impact of persistent high ambient fine particulate matter exposures on hospital visits for respiratory diseases from 2013 to 2018 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and surrounding areas].","authors":"Y Q Qiu, C Chen, J N Li, Y Liang, C Z Xiang, H T Ling, J X Yang, Y Wang, J L Fang, J N Wang, C Mao, X M Shi","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250208-00073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20250208-00073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To investigate the acute effects of persistent high exposure to atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) on residents' outpatient visits for respiratory diseases. <b>Methods:</b> We collected daily outpatient records from 92 hospitals in 13 cities across the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, along with daily PM_2.5, nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and meteorological data from 2013 to 2018. Five persistent high PM_2.5 exposure scenarios were defined in terms of daily mean PM_2.5 concentrations (>75 μg/m³ and >150 μg/m³), duration (≥2 days and ≥3 days), and whether or not there was concurrent exposure to high levels of NO₂ (daily mean NO₂ concentration >50 μg/m³). A two-stage statistical analysis strategy based on a generalized linear model was applied to conduct a time-series analysis to assess the exposure-response relationship between persistent high PM_2.5 exposure scenarios and residents' outpatient visits for a variety of respiratory diseases, and to estimate excess outpatient visits. <b>Results:</b> During the period, <i>M</i> (<i>Q</i>₁, <i>Q</i>₃) PM_2.5 and NO₂ concentrations were 61.2 (42.3, 95.1) μg/m³ and 40.2 (31.4, 54.4) μg/m³, respectively, and the daily respiratory disease outpatient visits were 57 (52, 66) cases. When compared with non-permanent high PM_2.5 exposure periods, exposure scenarios with PM_2.5 >75 μg/m³ and lasting for ≥2 days caused an increased risk of outpatient visits for respiratory diseases by 2.10% (95%<i>CI</i>: 1.44%-2.77%), and resulted in 43 787 (95%<i>CI</i>: 30 025-57 757) excess visits; in this scenario, the concurrent exposure to high levels of NO₂ had a greater acute effect on respiratory disease visits than the absence of exposure to high levels of NO₂ (<i>P</i><0.001). The risk of respiratory disease visits increased substantially by 4.41% (95%<i>CI</i>: 3.15%-5.68%) when the daily mean PM_2.5 concentration exceeded 150 μg/m³ for ≥2 days. Subgroup disease analyses showed that scenarios with daily mean PM_2.5 concentrations exceeding 75 μg/m³ for ≥3 days caused a significant increase in the risk of lower respiratory tract infections, chronic lower respiratory disease, and asthma visits. <b>Conclusions:</b> Sustained persistent high PM_2.5 exposure increases the risk of outpatient visits for various respiratory diseases; concurrent exposure to high concentrations of NO₂ leads to a greater risk of visiting the clinic, suggesting that the prevention and control of PM_2.5 pollution should be synchronized with the control of mobile source emissions, to synergistically manage the compound pollution of PM_2.5 and NO₂ in the atmosphere.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"46 6","pages":"979-985"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}