中华流行病学杂志最新文献

{"title":"[Epidemiology of primary immune thrombocytopenia in children aged 0-5 years in Chongqing, 2019-2024].","authors":"X X Wang, X Gao, M D Zhang, X Nie, Z K Liu, S Y Zhan","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20251113-00822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20251113-00822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To describe the incidence of primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) among children ≤5 years in Chongqing from 2019 to 2024. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective dynamic cohort of resident children aged ≤5 years was established using data from the Chongqing Health and Medical Big Data Platform between 2019 and 2024. ITP cases were identified using the International Classification of Diseases Tenth Revision (ICD-10) code \"D69.3\" and regular expression-based keywords matching of Chinese free-text clinical records. New-onset cases were defined using a 90-day washout period. The incidence density of ITP and its 95%<i>CI</i> were calculated using the Poisson distribution. Poisson regression models were used to estimate the associations between incidence density and risk factors including sex, age, residence type, calendar year, and season. <b>Results:</b> A total of 2 608 631 ≤5 years children were enrolled in the cohort, of whom 51.95% were males and 62.50% resided in urban areas. We identified 1 294 new-onset ITP cases, accounting for 1 468 incident episodes. The overall incidence density of ITP was 16.18 per 100 000 person-years (95%<i>CI</i>: 15.37 per 100 000 person-years - 17.03 per 100 000 person-years). The female-to-male incidence density ratio was 0.73, indicating a statistically significant difference (<i>P</i><0.001). No statistically significant differences in incidence density were observed across calendar years, although a seasonal pattern was noted, with a higher incidence from April to June. The highest risk of ITP was observed among infants, with two peaks in incidence density occurring at 2-3 months and 9 months of age. Incidence density ratio for rural <i>vs.</i> urban children was 0.58 (95%<i>CI</i>: 0.51-0.65) (<i>P</i><0.001). <b>Conclusion:</b> From 2019 to 2024, the incidence of ITP among children ≤5 years in Chongqing was characterized by a stable temporal trend, a male predominance, a peak in infancy with distinct early-life peaks, and higher incidence in urban populations, along with a moderate seasonal variation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 8","pages":"1409-1415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Association between the initiation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist use and the risk of incident diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].","authors":"Y Q Zheng, X W Chen, M Zhang, Y X Sun, Y Q Yin, H B Lin, E R I C Y U K F A I Wan, W O U K C H O Sang, C H A N Y O U Seng, F Sun","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20260105-00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20260105-00013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To compare the risk of incident diabetic retinopathy (DR) after initiation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). <b>Methods:</b> An active-comparator new-user retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Yinzhou Regional Health Information Platform in Ningbo, China. Patients with T2DM who received a first prescription for a GLP-1RA or a DPP-4i between September 1, 2022 and August 31, 2025 were included. 1∶1 nearest-neighbor propensity score matching was applied to balance baseline covariates including demographic characteristics, diabetes duration, baseline comorbidities, prior medication history, and the most recent pre-index measurements of glycated hemoglobin and estimated glomerular filtration rate. In the matched cohort, multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (<i>HR</i>s) with 95%<i>CI</i>s to evaluate the association between the initiation of the two medications and the risk of incident DR. Sensitivity analyses were performed by varying the washout period, the latency period, and the matching ratio. <b>Results:</b> After matching, 1 839 patients were included in each group. The incidence rates of DR were 13.60 per 1 000 person-years among DPP-4i and 9.95 per 1 000 person-years among GLP-1RA. Initiation of GLP-1RA was not associated with a statistically significant difference in DR risk compared with initiation of DPP-4i (<i>P</i>=0.114). Findings were consistent across sensitivity analyses. <b>Conclusion:</b> In this real-world cohort, DPP-4i initiation of GLP-1RA was not associated with an increased risk of incident DR compared with initiation of in patients with T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 8","pages":"1485-1491"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Associations of serum lipid metabolism marker levels with osteoporotic fracture].","authors":"Z H Li, T Liu, Y Q Pang, Z L Chen, Y Ju, H X Xia, M Y Xia, Y D Zhong, M Y Fan, X Jiang, Y R Tian","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20251205-00876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20251205-00876","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; This study aims to explore the association of lipid indicators, including LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, lipoprotein a (Lpa), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and the composite lipid indicator triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), with the risk of osteoporotic fracture. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; A retrospective analysis was performed based on clinical data from 3 987 patients hospitalized in the Department of Osteoporosis at West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, between December 2017 and October 2024. Based on the presence or absence of osteoporotic fracture, the patients were divided into cases and controls. Logistic regression models, mediation effect models, and stratified analysis were applied to explore the association. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the model's prediction performance. Maximum likelihood estimation and targeted maximum likelihood estimation were used under the causal contrast weighting framework for causal inference analysis. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The level of HDL-C in the case group was higher than that in the control group, while the opposite was true for the levels of ApoA1 and ApoB (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between HDL-C and osteoporotic fracture risk (&lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt;=1.36, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 1.12-1.66, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.002), while ApoA1 (&lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt;=0.76, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.64-0.90, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.002) and ApoB (&lt;i&gt;OR&lt;/i&gt;=0.83, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.70-0.98, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.031) showed a negative correlation with osteoporotic fracture risk. Stratified analysis showed that the effects of HDL-C were mainly observed in elderly patients (≥65 years old), whereas those of ApoA1 and ApoB were mainly observed in elderly and obese patients (BMI≥24.00 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;). Mediation analysis showed that HDL-C indirectly affected fractures through femoral neck and lumbar spine bone density (mediation ratios of 21.10% and 22.50%), while LDL-C was mediated by lumbar spine bone density (mediation ratio of 33.40%). After combining HDL-C, LDL-C, ApoA1, and ApoB indicators, the model's AUC increased significantly (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.010), and its predictive performance improved. Causal inference analysis supported that ApoA1 (maximum likelihood estimation: &lt;i&gt;RR&lt;/i&gt;=0.83, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.73-0.92, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.002; targeted maximum likelihood estimation: &lt;i&gt;RR&lt;/i&gt;=0.81, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.72-0.94, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001) and ApoB (maximum likelihood estimation: &lt;i&gt;RR&lt;/i&gt;=0.84, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.74-0.94, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.004; targeted maximum likelihood estimation: &lt;i&gt;RR&lt;/i&gt;=0.85, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 0.74-0.96, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.009) were inversely associated with osteoporotic fracture risk, the association of HDL-C with osteoporotic fracture was only significant in the maximum likelihood estimation model (&lt;i&gt;RR&lt;/i&gt;=1.20, 95%&lt;i&gt;CI&lt;/i&gt;: 1.06-1.40, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.012). &lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Elevated HDL-C levels were associated with increased risk of osteoporotic fractures, while elevated ApoA1 and ApoB levels were associated with ","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 8","pages":"1492-1499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Association of remnant cholesterol with the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes].","authors":"Z X Zhang, M X Li, X K Fan, Y Qin, J Yang, Y Y Fang, E C Pan, Y Lu, C Shen, R Tao, J Y Zhou, J Su","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20251222-00914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20251222-00914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To investigate the association between remnant cholesterol (RC) and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its subtypes among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Jiangsu Province. <b>Methods:</b> This study was based on data from a community-based cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes in Jiangsu Province. Baseline data were collected between 2013 and 2014, with follow-up through December 31, 2021. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the associations between RC and the risk of CVD and its subtypes, estimating <i>HR</i>s and 95%<i>CI</i>s. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were applied to explore the dose-response relationship between RC and CVD risk. <b>Results:</b> Among 15 119 T2DM participants with a median follow-up of 8.04 years, 3 043 new CVD cases were identified, including 1 047 coronary heart disease (CHD) and 2 497 stroke cases. In multivariable- adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models, compared with participants in the lowest RC quartile, those in the highest quartile had higher risks of CVD (<i>HR</i>=1.19, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.08-1.33) and stroke (<i>HR</i>=1.22, 95%<i>CI</i>: 1.08-1.37), whereas the association between the highest RC quartile and CHD risk was not statistically significant (<i>HR</i>=1.15, 95%<i>CI</i>: 0.95-1.38). RCS analyses showed positive linear associations between RC levels and the risks of incident CVD and stroke in patients with T2DM (<i>P</i> for nonlinear=0.117 and 0.109, respectively). Subgroup analyses showed a multiplicative interaction between RC levels and age for stroke risk (<i>P</i> for interaction <0.05), with a stronger association observed among participants aged <65 years. <b>Conclusions:</b> Higher RC levels were associated with increased risks of CVD and stroke among patients with T2DM, with approximately linear positive associations observed for CVD and stroke. The association between RC and stroke risk was stronger among individuals aged <65 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 8","pages":"1432-1439"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of the trend changes in the disease burden of diabetes in China from 1990 to 2023].","authors":"Y X Hu, J L You, Y N Liu, J M Liu, J L Qi, P Yin, M G Zhou, L J Wang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20251117-00834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20251117-00834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze the current status and trends of diabetes disease burden in China from 1990 to 2023. <b>Methods:</b> Data on diabetes-related deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 (GBD2023) database. Age-standardized rates were calculated using the GBD2023 world standard population. The Joinpoint regression model was applied to analyze the annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) for mortality, DALY rates, and their age-standardized metrics. <b>Results:</b> In 2023, the diabetes mortality rate in China was 12.31 per 100 000, with an age-standardized mortality rate of 7.79 per 100 000. The DALY rate was 778.37 per 100 000, and the age-standardized DALY rate was 522.75 per 100 000. From 1990 to 2023, type 2 diabetes accounted for the majority of the total disease burden, both diabetes mortality and DALY rates showed an overall increasing trend (AAPC=2.29% and 1.91%, respectively, both <i>P</i><0.05), while the age-standardized mortality rate exhibited a declining trend (AAPC=-0.42%, <i>P</i><0.05). However, the age-standardized DALY rate did not show a declining trend (AAPC=0.07%, <i>P</i>>0.05). The diabetes mortality burden was higher in males (mortality rate: 12.21 per 100 000; DALY rate: 811.25 per 100 000) than in females (mortality rate: 12.42 per 100 000; DALY rate: 743.90 per 100 000). The diabetes mortality burden increased with age, with a particularly prominent burden among the elderly. Compared with G20 member countries, China's age-standardized diabetes mortality and DALY rates were lower than the G20 average, though a gap remains compared to some developed countries. <b>Conclusions:</b> The diabetes disease burden in China shows an overall increasing trend, while the age-standardized mortality rate has declined. However, the burden remains substantial among males and the elderly. Targeted prevention, early management, and control of complications for high-risk populations should be strengthened to reduce the disease burden and improve quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 8","pages":"1440-1450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Bayesian methodology for innovative clinical trial designs].","authors":"F R Yan, L L Huang, Y Zhao, F Chen","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20260123-00067","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20260123-00067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the rapid growth of precision medicine and the increasing demand for novel drug development, traditional development strategies and trial designs are no longer adequate for contemporary clinical research, prompting regulatory agencies, industry, and academia to explore more flexible and efficient approaches. Bayesian methods are emerging as a vital statistical tool for innovative clinical trial design due to their flexibility and strong interpretability. In critical fields of clinical trials such as dose finding and optimization, adaptive design, external information borrowing, and master protocol design, Bayesian methods have demonstrated unique value distinct from traditional frequentist approaches. This paper systematically reviews common Bayesian methods in innovative clinical trial design and discusses crucial considerations for their application, aiming to guide the standardized, rational use of Bayesian methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 8","pages":"1395-1400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Bayesian methods in real-world studies].","authors":"M Y Lu, F R Yan, L L Huang, F Chen, Y Zhao","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20260123-00068","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20260123-00068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Real-world studies have been widely used in clinical and public health research to evaluate effectiveness, assess risks, and inform health policy decision-making. However, real-world data typically lack randomization and controlled interventions, are often heterogeneous, and exhibit substantial population heterogeneity, posing major challenges for uncertainty assessment and multi-source evidence integration in statistical inference. Bayesian methods, by combining prior information with observed data, provide a flexible and coherent framework for statistical inference in complex data environments. The paper systematically reviews the major applications of Bayesian methods in real-world studies, with a particular focus on the theoretical foundations, modeling strategies, and applicability of state-of-the-art information borrowing approaches. In addition, we summarize recent advances in Bayesian causal inference, hierarchical modeling, and related methods in real-world research. Finally, this paper discusses the methodological issues that need to be addressed when applying Bayesian methods to real-world research, providing a reference for related research.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 8","pages":"1401-1408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Strategies, practices and challenges of integrated prevention and control of HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases].","authors":"D Shan, Y Zhao, H Li, Y F Liu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20260104-00002","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20260104-00002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HIV/AIDS, viral hepatitis, and other infectious diseases are concurrently prevalent among some key populations and in certain service settings. Their routes of transmission and risk behaviors also overlap to some extent, exposing affected populations to multiple infection risks. Disease-specific prevention and control strategies have played an important role in controlling major infectious diseases. However, in the context of coexisting infections and highly overlapping target populations, limitations remain in service integration and coordinated implementation. After years of development, China has established a relatively comprehensive HIV/AIDS prevention and control system. Stable service networks for key populations have been formed in settings such as voluntary counseling and testing clinics, sexually transmitted infection clinics, methadone maintenance treatment clinics, HIV antiretroviral therapy clinics, and community-based organizations. These networks provide a foundation for the coordinated prevention and control of related infectious diseases. Against this background, it has become an important direction for optimizing the prevention and control system to explore integrated approaches to the prevention, testing, and management of HIV/AIDS, viral hepatitis, and other infectious diseases, based on shared transmission routes, key populations, and major service settings. This article reviews the theoretical basis and practical progress of integrated multi-disease prevention and control for HIV/AIDS, viral hepatitis, and other infectious diseases; summarizes relevant strategies and experiences in China and internationally; analyzes major challenges in institutional design, implementation pathways, and evidence generation; and discusses future directions for research and practice, with the aim of providing reference for improving China's integrated prevention and control system for related infectious diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 8","pages":"1539-1544"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Molecular epidemiological study of 72 human-derived aeromonas in Guangdong Province, 2019-2024].","authors":"T Li, Y N Huang, D M He, J J Liu, F Z Ouyang, B X Ke, Y H Shi, B S Li","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20251216-00903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20251216-00903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To investigate the drug resistance profiles and molecular epidemiological characteristics of <i>Aeromonas</i> species isolated from human clinical samples. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 72 <i>Aeromonas</i> isolates were collected and identified to the species level using biochemical tests, mass spectrometry, and average nucleotide identity based on whole-genome sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the broth microdilution method. The phylogenetic relationships among isolates were reconstructed based on core single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Whole-genome sequencing data were used to determine multilocus sequence types and identify the virulence genes. The correlation between identified resistance genes and the corresponding resistant phenotypes was assessed. <b>Results:</b> Conventional biochemical and mass spectrometry methods yielded inconsistent species identification results for some <i>Aeromonas</i> strains compared with whole-genome sequencing. The predominant strains of human <i>Aeromonas</i> infections were <i>Aeromonas veronii</i> (48/72, 66.66%). The prevalent sequence types were ST425 (5/72, 6.94%). Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that human-derived <i>Aeromonas</i> species were sensitive to most antimicrobial agents, with slightly higher resistance rates to tetracycline (18.06%) and compound sulfamethoxazole (13.89%). A high concordance rate was observed between the antimicrobial resistance genotypes and phenotypes of <i>Aeromonas</i>. The number of toxin gene-positive strains is large, and the number of toxin gene-positive strains of different species of <i>Aeromonas</i> is different. <b>Conclusions:</b> <i>Aeromonas veronii</i> was the predominant species among human-derived <i>Aeromonas</i> isolates, and the sequence types showed high diversity. The overall antimicrobial resistance rate was low, with most resistance phenotypes mediated by resistance genes, and the number of positive strains of <i>Aeromonas</i> toxin genes is different among different species.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 8","pages":"1506-1512"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Bayesian prior distribution and its determination].","authors":"L L Huang, W W Li, Y Zhao, F R Yan, F Chen","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20260123-00066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20260123-00066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prior distribution refers to a probabilistic description of the uncertainty of unknown parameters by researchers before observing sample data. It is a prerequisite and key step in Bayesian statistical methods, as well as a major challenge encountered in practical applications. Based on four dimensions-information content, probabilistic characteristics, relationship with the likelihood function, and structural hierarchy-this paper comprehensively sorts out the types of prior distributions, illustrates the impact of prior distributions on results through a combination of theory and case studies, and discusses in depth the key issues that need to be prioritized when selecting prior distributions. In addition, this paper elaborates on the importance and implementation methods of sensitivity analysis for prior distributions and introduces key points for reporting Bayesian statistical inference results. Only by rationally selecting prior distributions and standardizing Bayesian statistical inference can the scientific value of Bayesian statistics be fully realized.</p>","PeriodicalId":23968,"journal":{"name":"中华流行病学杂志","volume":"47 8","pages":"1389-1394"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}