{"title":"Fast Electromigration Stress Analysis Considering Spatial Joule Heating Effects","authors":"M. Kavousi, Liang Chen, S. Tan","doi":"10.1109/asp-dac52403.2022.9712535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asp-dac52403.2022.9712535","url":null,"abstract":"Temperature gradient due to Joule heating has huge impacts on the electromigration (EM) induced failure effects. However, Joule heating and related thermomigration (TM) effects were less investigated in the past for physics-based EM analysis for VLSI chip design. In this work, we propose a new spatial temperature aware transient EM induced stress analysis method. The new method consists of two new contributions: First, we propose a new TM-aware void saturation volume estimation method for fast immortality check in the post-voiding phase for the first time. We derive the analytic formula to estimate the void saturation in the presence of spatial temperature gradients due to Joule heating. Second, we develop a fast numerical solution for EM-induced stress analysis for multi-segment interconnect trees considering TM effect. The new method first transforms the coupled EM-TM partial differential equations into linear time-invariant ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Then extended Krylov subspace-based reduction technique is employed to reduce the size of the original system matrices so that they can be efficiently simulated in the time domain. The proposed method can perform the simulation process for both void nucleation and void growth phases under time-varying input currents and position-dependent temperatures. The numerical results show that, compared to the recently proposed semi-analytic EM-TM method, the proposed method can lead to about 28x speedup on average for the interconnect with up to 1000 branches for both void nucleation and growth phases with negligible errors.","PeriodicalId":239260,"journal":{"name":"2022 27th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128009728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ling-Yen Song, Tung-Chieh Kuo, Ming-Hung Wang, C. Liu, Juinn-Dar Huang
{"title":"Fast Variation-aware Circuit Sizing Approach for Analog Design with ML-Assisted Evolutionary Algorithm","authors":"Ling-Yen Song, Tung-Chieh Kuo, Ming-Hung Wang, C. Liu, Juinn-Dar Huang","doi":"10.1109/asp-dac52403.2022.9712559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asp-dac52403.2022.9712559","url":null,"abstract":"Evolutionary algorithm (EA) based on circuit simulation is one of the popular approaches for analog circuit sizing because of its high accuracy and adaptability on different cases. However, if process variation is also considered, the huge number of simulations becomes almost infeasible for large circuits. Although there are some recent works that adopt machine learning (ML) techniques to speed up the optimization process, the variation effects are still hard to be considered in those approaches. In this paper, we propose a fast variation-aware evolutionary algorithm for analog circuit sizing with a ML-assisted prediction model. By predicting the likelihood for a design that has worse performance, our EA process is able to skip many unnecessary simulations to reduce the convergence time. Moreover, a novel force-directed model is proposed to guide the optimization toward better yield. Based on the performance of prior circuit samples in the EA optimization, the proposed force model is able to predict the likelihood of a design that has better yield without time-consuming Monte Carlo simulations. Compared with prior works, the proposed approach significantly reduces the number of simulations in the yield-aware EA optimization, which helps to generate more practical designs with high reliability and low cost.","PeriodicalId":239260,"journal":{"name":"2022 27th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","volume":"517 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134052222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jian-De Li, Sying-Jyan Wang, Katherine Shu-Min Li, Tsung-Yi Ho
{"title":"Design-for-Reliability and Probability-Based Fault Tolerance for Paper-Based Digital Microfluidic Biochips with Multiple Faults","authors":"Jian-De Li, Sying-Jyan Wang, Katherine Shu-Min Li, Tsung-Yi Ho","doi":"10.1109/ASP-DAC52403.2022.9712521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ASP-DAC52403.2022.9712521","url":null,"abstract":"Paper-based digital microfluidic biochips (PB-DMFBs) have emerged as the most promising solution to biochemical applications in resource-limited regions. However, like silicon chips, the reliability of PB-DMFBs is affected by physical defects. Even worse, since electrodes, conductive wires, and droplet routings are entangled on the same layer, multiple faults may occur simultaneously. Such faults not only cause waste of samples and human resource but also affect the correctness of the diagnostics. In this paper, we propose a reliability scheme with emphasis on design-for-reliability (DfR) and probability-based fault tolerance to ensure the correct functionality of PB-DMFBs with multiple faults.","PeriodicalId":239260,"journal":{"name":"2022 27th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130314081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deformable Chiplet-Based Computer Using Inductively Coupled Wireless Communication","authors":"J. Kadomoto, H. Irie, S. Sakai","doi":"10.1109/asp-dac52403.2022.9712494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asp-dac52403.2022.9712494","url":null,"abstract":"Research on microrobot swarms and deformable user interfaces has been conducted extensively. Inductively coupled wireless bus technology has been proposed for such applications. This technology uses inductive coupling among on-chip coils to connect multiple chiplets wirelessly. By wirelessly connecting small chiplets, it is possible to construct deformable systems with various chip configurations. The prototype chip, which has a 32-bit RISC-V processor core and a wireless communication interface, is fabricated in 1.18-µm CMOS technology. The prototype validates that inductively coupled wireless data communication can be achieved between two processor chiplets.","PeriodicalId":239260,"journal":{"name":"2022 27th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123233334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jaeyoung Kang, Behnam Khaleghi, Yeseong Kim, T. Simunic
{"title":"XCelHD: An Efficient GPU-Powered Hyperdimensional Computing with Parallelized Training","authors":"Jaeyoung Kang, Behnam Khaleghi, Yeseong Kim, T. Simunic","doi":"10.1109/ASP-DAC52403.2022.9712549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ASP-DAC52403.2022.9712549","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperdimensional Computing (HDC) is an emerging lightweight machine learning method alternative to deep learning. One of its key strengths is the ability to accelerate it in hardware, as it offers massive parallelisms. Prior work primarily focused on FPGA and ASIC, which do not provide the seamless flexibility required for HDC applications. Few studies that attempted GPU designs are inefficient, partly due to the complexity of accelerating HDC on GPUs because of the bit-level operations of HDC. Besides, HDC training exhibited low hardware utilization due to sequential operations. In this paper, we present XCelHD, a high-performance GPU-powered framework for HDC. XCelHD uses a novel training method to maximize the training speed of the HDC model while fully utilizing hardware. We propose memory optimization strategies specialized for GPU-based HDC, minimizing the access time to different memory subsystems and redundant operations. We show that the proposed training method reduces the required number of training epochs by four-fold to achieve comparable accuracy. Our evaluation results on NVIDIA Jetson TX2 show that XCelHD is up to $35times$ faster than the state-of-the-art TensorFlow-based HDC implementation.","PeriodicalId":239260,"journal":{"name":"2022 27th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122257988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vector-based Dynamic IR-drop Prediction Using Machine Learning","authors":"Jia Chen, Shi-Tang Liu, Yuehua Wu, Mu-Ting Wu, Chieo-Mo Li, Norman Chang, Ying-Shiun Li, Wentze Chuang","doi":"10.1109/ASP-DAC52403.2022.9712489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ASP-DAC52403.2022.9712489","url":null,"abstract":"Vector-based dynamic IR-drop analysis of the entire vector set is infeasible due to long runtime. In this paper, we use machine learning to perform vector-based IR drop prediction for all logic cells in the circuit. We extract important features, such as toggle counts and arrival time, directly from the logic simulation waveform so that we can perform vector-based IR-drop prediction quickly. We also propose a feature engineering method, density map, to increase correlation by 0.1. Our method is scalable because the feature dimension is fixed (72), independent of design size and cell library. Our experiments show that the mean absolute error of the predictor is less than 3% of the nominal supply voltage. We achieve more than 495 speedups compared to a popular commercial tool. Our machine learning prediction can be used to identify IR-drop risky vectors from the entire test vector set, which is infeasible using traditional IR-drop analysis.","PeriodicalId":239260,"journal":{"name":"2022 27th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126741110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tashfia Alam, Zhenkun Yang, Bo Chen, Nicholas Armour, S. Ray
{"title":"FirVer: Concolic Testing for Systematic Validation of Firmware Binaries","authors":"Tashfia Alam, Zhenkun Yang, Bo Chen, Nicholas Armour, S. Ray","doi":"10.1109/ASP-DAC52403.2022.9712594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ASP-DAC52403.2022.9712594","url":null,"abstract":"We present an infrastructure, FirVer, for systematic validation of firmware binaries. FirVer makes unique use of virtual prototyping and unit testing interfaces for effective comprehension of hardware-firmware. We used FirVer on several library functions of TianoCore, a full-featured UEFI-compatible boot firmware developed by Intel Corporation. FirVer achieved more than 90% in line and function coverages, and between 60% and 80% branch coverage. FirVer also enabled exploration of corner cases that exposed segmentation faults in many constituent functions.","PeriodicalId":239260,"journal":{"name":"2022 27th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114443426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"WAL: A Novel Waveform Analysis Language for Advanced Design Understanding and Debugging","authors":"Lucas Klemmer, Daniel Große","doi":"10.1109/asp-dac52403.2022.9712600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asp-dac52403.2022.9712600","url":null,"abstract":"Starting points for design understanding and debugging are generated waveforms. However, waveform viewing is still a highly manual and tedious process, and unfortunately, there has been no progress for automating the analysis of waveforms. Therefore, we introduce the Waveform Analysis Language (WAL) in this paper. We have realized WAL as a Domain Specific Language (DSL). This design choice has many advantages ranging from a natural expressiveness of a waveform analysis problem to providing an Intermediate Representation (IR) well-suited as a compilation target from other languages. We evaluate WAL in two major case studies. This includes (i) a WAL-based communication analyzer reporting for example throughput or latency of AXI communication and (ii) the tracing of the instruction flow through the pipeline of a RISC-V processor as well as the extraction of software basic blocks via WAWK, which is based on the WAL-IR to make complex waveform analysis as easy as searching in text files.","PeriodicalId":239260,"journal":{"name":"2022 27th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114974253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neural Network Pruning and Fast Training for DRL-based UAV Trajectory Planning","authors":"Yilan Li, Haowen Fang, Mingyang Li, Yue Ma, Qinru Qiu","doi":"10.1109/asp-dac52403.2022.9712561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/asp-dac52403.2022.9712561","url":null,"abstract":"Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has been applied for optimal control of autonomous UAV trajectory generation. The energy and payload capacity of small UAVs impose constraints on the complexity and size of the neural network. While Model compression has the potential to optimize the trained neural network model for efficient deployment on em-bedded platforms, pruning a neural network for DRL is more difficult due to the slow convergence in the training before and after pruning. In this work, we focus on improving the speed of DRL training and pruning. New reward function and action exploration are first introduced, resulting in convergence speedup by 34.14%. The framework that integrates pruning and DRL training is then presented with an emphasize on how to reduce the training cost. The pruning does not only improve computational performance of inference, but also reduces the training effort with-out compromising the quality of the trajectory. Finally, experimental results are presented. We show that the integrated training and pruning framework reduces 67.16% of the weight and improves trajectory success rate by 1.7%. It achieves a 4.43x reduction of the floating-point operations for the inference, resulting a measured 41.85% run time reduction.","PeriodicalId":239260,"journal":{"name":"2022 27th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128289584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A 0.5 mm2 Ambient Light-Driven Solar Cell-Powered Biofuel Cell-Input Biosensing System with LED Driving for Stand-Alone RF-Less Continuous Glucose Monitoring Contact Lens","authors":"Guowei Chen, Xinyang Yu, Yue Wang, Tran Minh Quan, Naofumi Matsuyama, Takuya Tsujimura, K. Niitsu","doi":"10.1109/ASP-DAC52403.2022.9712523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ASP-DAC52403.2022.9712523","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents the first solar cell (SC)-powered biofuel cell (BFC)-input biosensing system using 65 nm CMOS with pulse interval modulation (PIM) and pulse density modulation (PDM) LED driving capability for stand-alone RF-less continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) contact lenses, which notices diabetes patients of CGM level without any external devices. LED implementation can eliminate the necessity of wireless communication. Power supply from on-lens SCs can eliminate the necessity of wireless power delivery, enabling a fully stand-alone operation under office-room ambient light.","PeriodicalId":239260,"journal":{"name":"2022 27th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126296078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}