Veterinary ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Abstracts: Annual Meeting of the European College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists, Rhodes, Greece, May 18-21, 2023.","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/vop.13245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.13245","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141331922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular diagnostics, ophthalmic findings, and conjunctival microbiome in the Chilean flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis).","authors":"Anna Catherine Bowden, Rachel A Allbaugh, Andrew J Gall, Matheus de O Costa, Marina Leis, Lionel Sebbag","doi":"10.1111/vop.13242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.13242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To establish normative data for selected ocular diagnostic tests and commensal conjunctival microflora and describe the incidence of ocular pathology in Chilean flamingos.</p><p><strong>Animals studied: </strong>A total of 41 Chilean flamingos were examined at the Blank Park Zoo in Des Moines, Iowa.</p><p><strong>Procedures: </strong>In 20 flamingos, blink rate was assessed undisturbed in their exhibit, then gentle manual restraint was used to assess palpebral fissure length (PFL), aqueous tear production (phenol red thread test [PRTT] in one eye, endodontic absorbent paper point tear test [EAPPTT] in the other), intraocular pressure (IOP; rebound tonometry), and fluorescein staining. Twenty-one other flamingos were brought to a darkened area for neuro-ophthalmic examination, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Swabs from seven flamingos were used for ocular microbiome evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results are presented as mean ± standard deviation (range). Flamingos comprised 23 females/18 males, aged 11 ± 9.1 (0.7-40) years. Test results: blink rate, 3.7 ± 2 (1-9) blinks/min; PFL, 11.2 ± 1.2 (9-14) mm; IOP, 14 ± 3.2 (10-22) mmHg; EAPPT, 10.2 ± 2.8 (9-14) mm/min; PRTT, 6.8 ± 2.5 (3-13) mm/15 s. Dazzle reflex was positive in four birds examined. Pathologies included cataracts (n = 7 birds), corneal fibrosis (n = 3), endothelial pigment (n = 2), uveal cysts (n = 1), lens luxation (n = 1), and uveitis (n = 1). Ocular microbiome showed high diversity of taxa.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Baseline ocular parameters and incidence of ophthalmic pathology assist veterinarians with disease screening for Chilean flamingos, while the ocular microbiome showed high diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141331871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periocular fibrosarcoma with lipogranulomatous conjunctivitis in a cat.","authors":"T M Foster, G M Newbold, E J Miller, Y J Jeong, C Premanandan, B D Husbands","doi":"10.1111/vop.13249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.13249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 9-year-old, female spayed domestic short-haired cat was presented with a 4-year history of bilateral lipogranulomatous conjunctivitis (LGC), which was confirmed via histopathology. Thirteen months following the initial biopsy, the cat was presented with a rapidly progressive mass lesion of the palpebral conjunctiva of the right eye. A surgical debulking, followed 1 month later by exenteration after marked regrowth of the mass confirmed fibrosarcoma. This case report is the first to describe a cat with chronic bilateral LGC that later developed a unilateral fibrosarcoma within the eyelid tissue of the right eye. Fibrosarcoma should be considered a differential in any cat with chronic LGC that develops a rapidly progressive mass in the eyelid.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of ophthalmic lesions and normal ocular parameters in a flock of captive MacQueen's (houbara) bustards (Chlamydotis macqueenii).","authors":"Kiara M Simonis, Hamish R Baron, Ulrich Wernery, Marina Joseph, Stamatina Giannikaki, Panagiotis N Azmanis","doi":"10.1111/vop.13247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.13247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine normal ocular parameters of the MacQueen's bustard (Chlamydotis macqueenii) and describe ophthalmic lesions in a captive bred population.</p><p><strong>Animals studied: </strong>Captive breeding population of 257 Macqueen's bustards.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All birds were screened for ocular abnormalities using direct ophthalmoscopy. Abnormalities were photographed. Normative values for Schirmer tear test-1 (STT-1), applanation tonometry, aerobic and anaerobic bacterial culture, fungal culture, and transcorneal ocular ultrasonography were derived from multiple cohorts of clinically normal adult birds. Five birds with ocular pathology also underwent transcorneal ultrasonography. Statistical comparisons for normative values between OD and OS, and males and females were made using a paired t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test, with a significance level of p < .05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean tear production based on Schirmer tear test 1 (STT-1) was 10.16 ± 4.61 mm/min (3-21 mm/min). Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was 12.42 ± 4.94 mm Hg (5-26 mm Hg). Staphylococcus species were the most isolated bacteria from the conjunctival surfaces of normal birds (85%). Significant differences were found in transcorneal ultrasonographic measurements between males and females for axial globe length (p = .032), vitreous body depth (p = .049) and lens thickness (p = .0428). Corneal fibrosis was the most observed ocular abnormality amongst eyes with pathological changes (39%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Schirmer tear testing, tonometry and transcorneal ultrasound can easily be utilized in MacQueen's bustards and provide reproducible results. Normal parameters for these tests were determined, and common pathological ocular changes were described in this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141288699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of systemic acetazolamide administration on intraocular pressure in healthy horses-A preliminary study.","authors":"Anat Shnaiderman-Torban, Oren Pe'er, Kajsa Gustafsson, Amos Tatz, Malka Brizi, Stefan Soback, Wiessam Abu Ahmad, Ramon Magen, Ron Ofri, Gal Kelmer","doi":"10.1111/vop.13240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.13240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In equine glaucoma, topical treatment with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) is recommended. Oral acetazolamide, a systemic CAI, is used in horses with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. Information regarding its effect on equine intraocular pressure (IOP) is scarce. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of oral acetazolamide treatment on IOP in horses, in a case-control study.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Ten healthy horses.</p><p><strong>Procedures: </strong>Horses were treated with oral acetazolamide (4.4 mg/kg) BID for 1 week. Serum acetazolamide concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, and IOP were measured before treatment, daily during treatment, and at 48 and 72 h after treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Acetazolamide serum levels reached steady state at 72 h after the first oral dose. In a mixed effect model logistic regression, there was a significant decrease in IOP on the third treatment day, of 2.4 mmHg (p = .012) and 2.7 mmHg (p = .006) in the left (OS) and right eye (OD), respectively. On the seventh day, there was a decrease in 2.5 mmHg (p = .008) and 2.7 mmHg (p = .007) OS and OD, respectively. A significant increase occurred 48 h following treatment discontinuation (3.6 mmHg, p < .001 and 3.5 mmHg, p < .001 OS and OD, respectively). The area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC_(0-10h)) was 1.1 ± 0.5 μg/mL*h, mean residence time 6.7 ± 4.3 h, peak plasma concentration (C_max) 0.4 ± 0.4 μg/mL and time to reach C_max 1.8 h. There was a significant increase in serum concentrations 1, 2, 48, 72, and 156 h following the first drug administration (p < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Further studies are required to determine whether acetazolamide is a potential treatment for equine glaucoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141262995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lateral canthal reconstruction for the treatment of macroblepharon/diamond eye conformation in dogs.","authors":"Helga Kecova, William W Miller, Denise M Lindley","doi":"10.1111/vop.13239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.13239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To introduce a novel surgical technique for treatment of macroblepharon and diamond eye conformation in dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Lateral canthal reconstruction was used in dogs with prominent eyelid malformations resulting in ocular surface disease. Lateral canthus was resected and new lateral canthus was created using a two-layer closure. This technique was performed either alone or in combination with additional procedure(s). Additionally, this technique was used to resect lateral canthal dermoid.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and fifty-three eyes of 85 dogs were included in the study. Procedure was done for macroblepharon and/or lateral canthal entropion (149 eyes of 81 dogs) or for lateral canthal dermoid (four eyes of four dogs). Procedure was done either alone (n = 68 eyes) or in combination with additional procedure (n = 85 eyes). Favorable cosmetic outcome and client satisfaction was achieved in all dogs. Good to excellent functional outcome was recorded in all but 6 eyes of 4 dogs, which required additional surgery. Most common complications included slight undercorrection or overcorrection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lateral canthal reconstruction is a simple yet effective surgical procedure for macroblepharon and/or lateral canthal entropion. If done early, it prevents development of secondary eyelid malformation (\"pagoda defect\") in giant breed dogs. If done after severe eyelid malformation has developed, combining this technique with concurrent pagoda resection is recommended to achieve ideal eyelid conformation. None.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141186480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma affecting the third eyelid of two young adult FeLV-infected cats.","authors":"Paula Reis Ribeiro, Marcele Bettim Bandinelli, Matheus Viezzer Bianchi, Gustavo Brambatti, Vanessa de Campos Pereira, Emanoelly Machado Sousa da Silva, Rafael Souza Monteggia, David Driemeier, Saulo Petinatti Pavarini","doi":"10.1111/vop.13241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.13241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lymphoma is one of the most frequently diagnosed tumors in FeLV-infected cats. Extranodal lymphomas include lymphomas in ocular and periocular tissues, such as the third eyelid (TEL), which is an uncommonly diagnosed type of lymphoma in cats. This study aimed to describe the clinicopathological features of lymphoma in the TEL of two FeLV-infected cats. A retrospective study in two anatomic pathology laboratories was performed, and two cases met the inclusion criteria. A 4-year-old, female cat (case 1), positive for FIV gp40 antigen and FeLV gp70 antigen by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and a male cat of 22 months old (case 2), positive both serologically for FeLV p27 antigen and for FeLV gp70 antigen by IHC, were referred to veterinary clinics with unilateral swelling and mass in the TEL, which had rapid growth in case 2. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis established the final diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in both cases. The cat in case 2 died 4 months after the diagnosis, with clinical worsening prior to death. Necropsy was not performed in either case, which precluded the definition of a primary or secondary involvement. However, the ocular lesions were the reason for consultation in both cases and it may have been an initial manifestation of a multicentric disease. Thus, FeLV-infected cats with clinical finding of eyelid swelling or mass formation should have lymphoma as a differential diagnosis, and a complete physical examination should be performed to detect extraocular involvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141155416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endoscopy-assisted dacryocystorhinostomy in a dog.","authors":"Jalal Thompson, Peter J Delisser, Louise Sullivan, Vicki Liddle","doi":"10.1111/vop.13232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.13232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the use of an endoscope to assist in performing minimally invasive dacryocystorhinostomy in a dog to successfully manage a nasolacrimal duct cyst (dacryocyst).</p><p><strong>Animal studied: </strong>A 4-year-old female spayed American Staffordshire Terrier with chronic epiphora and swelling ventromedial to the nasal canthus of the right eye and reverse sneezing.</p><p><strong>Procedures: </strong>Computed tomography revealed a fluid-filled cystic lesion of the right nasolacrimal duct with extensive nasal extension and secondary obstructive frontal sinusitis. Aspiration of serosanguinous fluid with no growth of microbial organisms and histopathology confirmed the cystic nature of the structure. A 2.7 mm, 30 deg, 11 cm foreward-oblique endoscope with arthroscopic cannula was passed through a mucosal stab incision in the dorsal buccal recess into the cyst to allow for exploration. A separate instrument portal was placed in the center of the cyst through the skin which allowed for transcutaneous dacryocystorhinostomy with a meniscal probe to be performed. No clear communication was evident caudodorsally into the frontal sinus on endoscope examination. A small frontal sinus trephination was performed and lavage flowed easily into the cystic cavity and out of the nostril.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Follow-up at 10 days and 17 months postoperatively showed complete resolution of clinical signs with an excellent cosmetic outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Endoscopy-assisted dacryocystorhinostomy demonstrated an effective minimally invasive technique to treat a functionally obstructive dacryocyst of the right nasolacrimal duct in a dog.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141088767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and antibiotic resistance in bacterial isolates of dogs with ulcerative keratitis in São Paulo State, Brazil.","authors":"Pamella A F Casemiro, Alexandre L Andrade, Marita V Cardozo, Romário A Rodrigues, Jaqueline A Silva, Márcia Marinho, Alessandra F C Nassar, Vanessa Castro, Guilherme H R Braz, Cinthya A Gujanwski, Ivan R M Padua, Paola C Moraes","doi":"10.1111/vop.13224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.13224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Identify microorganisms present in canine eyes affected by ulcerative keratitis and assess its resistance profile to available antimicrobial drugs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Samples were collected from 88 canine eyes that exhibited ulcerative keratitis. They were identified using MALDI-TOF and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disk diffusion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the assessed subjects, brachycephalic dogs accounted for 74.48% (50/83) of the evaluated canines. Among the 88 evaluated eyes, 90.9% (80/88) showed positive cultures, with 11.33% (10/88) of the samples isolating more than one species of bacteria. Of all bacterial isolates identified (90), Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 63.33% (57/90), while Gram-negative bacteria constituted 36.66% (33/90), with predominance of Staphylococcus spp. at 35.55% (32/90) being, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius at 68.75% (22/32), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 15.55% (14/90), respectively. Staphylococcus spp. exhibited resistance to penicillin (89.29%), sulfadiazine and trimethoprim (60.71%), and tetracycline (67.86%), while doxycycline (88.89%), cefotaxime (85.71%), chloramphenicol (82.14%), gentamicin, and moxifloxacin (78.57%) showed the highest sensitivity rates. Pseudomonas aeruginosa displayed sensitivity (100%) to gentamicin and imipenem, and resistance (8.33%) to norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and cefepime. Similarly, the Enterobacteriaceae family showed higher sensitivity to amikacin and gentamicin (88.89%), imipenem (88.24%), and levofloxacin (87.5%), with pronounced resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate (50%) and cefazolin (47.06%). This highlights multiresistance in 23.33% (21/90) of the isolates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The most isolated species in canine ulcerative keratitis are S. pseudintermedius and P. aeruginosa. However, other species were also isolated, demonstrating diversity in ocular microbiota infection. There is a high-rate multidrug resistance associated with canine ulcerative keratitis. Nevertheless, these strains exhibited sensitivity to antimicrobials commonly used in veterinary ophthalmology.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141072118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mydriasis in eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) following topical administration of proparacaine, 10% phenylephrine, and rocuronium bromide.","authors":"Emily K Tucker-Retter, Olivia A Petritz, Hans D Westermeyer","doi":"10.1111/vop.13229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.13229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the mydriatic effect of topical 10% phenylephrine with 10 mg/mL rocuronium bromide and compare this protocol with and without pretreatment with proparacaine.</p><p><strong>Animals studied: </strong>Ten client-owned pet adult eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina).</p><p><strong>Procedures: </strong>All turtles were sedated with 8 mg/kg alfaxalone intramuscularly. One group of four turtles received four 20 μL drops of 10% phenylephrine and four 20 μL drops of rocuronium bromide in the right eye. Another group of four turtles received one standard drop of proparacaine followed by four 20 μL drops of 10% phenylephrine and four 20 μL drops of rocuronium bromide in the right eye. Two control group turtles received four 20 μL drops of saline in the right eye. The left eye was untreated in all turtles. Drops of the same type were separated by 2 min while drops of different types were separated by 5 min. Pupil size was recorded at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, and 360 min after administration of the final drop.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Treatment with 10% phenylephrine and rocuronium bromide resulted in pupil diameter changes from baseline that were statistically significant from zero at 60, 90, and 120 min in the non-proparacaine group and 90 min in the proparacaine group. The time to peak effect was 90 min in the proparacaine group and 75 min in the non-proparacaine group. Saline-treated pupils in the control group decreased in diameter over the study period. Overall, the treated eyes of the proparacaine group and non-proparacaine group were not different from each other, but both dilated more than the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Rocuronium bromide and 10% phenylephrine can produce effective and safe mydriasis in eastern box turtles, but there was wide interindividual variation in effectiveness. Proparacaine did not improve the mydriatic effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140959661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}