Veterinary ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Chromatic Pupillary Light Reflex in Two Dogs With Amaurosis Secondary to Optic Pathway Disorders.","authors":"Koen Santifort, Marta Plonek, Christiane Görig, Ingrid Huver","doi":"10.1111/vop.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Chromatic (colorimetric) pupillary light reflexes (cPLR) are reportedly useful in canine neuro-ophthalmology to differentiate sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) from optic pathway disease (neurological disorders) causing acute blindness. We report two canine cases with cPLR test results reported to be consistent with primary retinal disease that were subsequently diagnosed with optic pathway (CNS) disease.</p><p><strong>Animals studied: </strong>A 7-year-old Dachshund and a 7-year-old Weimaraner were presented for acute blindness.</p><p><strong>Procedures and results: </strong>Both dogs failed obstacle tests, showed absent menace responses, bilateral mydriasis, and absent PLRs with white light in both eyes. The cPLRs were tested using a BPI-50 Precision Illuminator (Retinographics Inc., USA). Both dogs exhibited no PLR with red light (660 nm), and brisk though incomplete pupillary constriction with blue light (465 nm) at 200 kcd/m². Electroretinograms (ERG) of both eyes were normal in both dogs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed a left-sided cystic extra-axial mass (suspected meningioma) in the rostral cranial fossa in the Dachshund and a lesion affecting the rostral bones of the skull base and optic nerves in the Weimaraner (confirmed lymphoma).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These are the first two reported canine cases with acute, bilateral amaurosis due to optic pathway disease with present blue light-cPLR.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Salivary pH, Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, and Total Protein in 16 Dogs Before and After Supplementing Oral Buttermilk for 8 Weeks.","authors":"Kelsey G Bailey, Annora M S Gaerig","doi":"10.1111/vop.13320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.13320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Determine if feeding two teaspoons per ten pounds of body weight per day of Saco powdered buttermilk (SPB) for 8 weeks affects salivary pH (SpH), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (Phos), calcium (Ca), or total protein (TP) in dogs.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Eighteen dogs were enrolled following owner consent. Dogs with severe dental disease or that had been administered antibiotics in the past 3 months were excluded.</p><p><strong>Procedures: </strong>Fasted saliva samples were collected using Salivette tubes within the same hour on Days 0, 1, 30, 31, 60, 61, 90, and 91. pH was measured immediately upon collection, samples were then mailed for laboratory analysis. SPB was administered at a dose of two teaspoons per ten pounds of body weight per day on Days 1-60. Baseline complete blood counts and serum chemistries were run before saliva collection on Day 1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen dogs completed the study. Side effects included flatulence (2) and loose stool (1). Salivette cotton swab ingestion occurred twice prior to change in method of securing swab during collection. Weight remained stable. There was no significant change in SpH, TP, Ca, or Phos during the study. There was a statistically significant, linear increase in Mg (p = 0.0065).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Feeding two teaspoons per ten pounds of body weight per day for 8 weeks did not significantly affect salivary pH, total protein, calcium, or phosphorus. There was a small linear increase in salivary magnesium concentration over the study period that did not return to baseline within 30 days of discontinuation of buttermilk supplementation, significance of which is unknown.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suspected Calvarial Hyperostosis Syndrome Causing Different Ophthalmological Signs in Two Young Labrador Retrievers-Case Report.","authors":"Andrea Steinmetz, Stefan Kohl","doi":"10.1111/vop.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe calvarial hyperostosis syndrome (CHS) as a potential and unusual cause of exophthalmos or epiphora in young dogs.</p><p><strong>Animals studied: </strong>A nine-month-old female intact (case 1) and a two-year-old male intact Labrador Retriever (case 2).</p><p><strong>Procedures: </strong>Patient history, including previous treatments, was documented. Both cases underwent physical and ophthalmological examinations, computed Tomography (CT), and histopathological analysis. Additional dacryocystorhinography (DCR) was performed in case 2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lateral exophthalmos of the left eye was the primary clinical sign in case 1. In case 2, serous lacrimal discharge was observed without other signs of ocular irritation. A slightly thickened and firm area distal to the medial canthus of the right eye was also noted. In this case, Jones 1 test on the right side was negative, whereas Jones test 2 revealed increased resistance when flushing the nasolacrimal system. CT imaging in both cases identified solid, smoothly marginated new bone formation. In case 1, this involved the left frontal bone, occipital bone, parietal bone, and temporal bone. In case 2, the new bone formation affected the right lacrimal bone and frontal process of the maxillary bone, leading to encasement and narrowing of the nasolacrimal duct (NLD). Histopathological analysis revealed active bone remodeling with osteoblasts in case 1, while case 2 demonstrated regularly differentiated trabecular lamellar bone with intertrabecular spaces. No evidence of neoplasia or osteomyelitis was observed in either case. Taken together, these findings strongly support a diagnosis of CHS in both cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CHS involving flat bones can present as exophthalmos or epiphora and should be considered in the differential diagnoses of these conditions, particularly in young dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Annual Scientific Meeting of the European Society of Veterinary Ophthalmologists, Barcelona, Spain, October 3-6, 2024.","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/vop.13318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.13318","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143483921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Eyelid Margin Thickness and Meibography in Dogs With Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.","authors":"Giyeon Kim, Seonmi Kang, Junehee Seo, Kangmoon Seo","doi":"10.1111/vop.13326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.13326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To measure the eyelid margin thickness (LMT) in dogs with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and evaluate its correlation with meibomian gland (MG) morphology.</p><p><strong>Animals studied: </strong>Fifty-nine client-owned dogs.</p><p><strong>Procedure: </strong>The LMT was measured on slit lamp biomicroscopy images and divided into groups of 1 to 4, from the thinnest to thickest, based on quartiles. MG morphology, including distortion, thickening, shortening, and dropout, was evaluated using noninvasive infrared meibography. The LMT and meibography results were compared between the MGD and normal groups. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the correlation between LMT and MG morphology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean LMT was significantly greater in the MGD group (1.18 ± 0.19 mm) than the normal group (1.00 ± 0.13 mm) and was positively correlated with MG loss (p < 0.01). The LMT was thicker in dogs over 12 years (1.25 ± 0.20 mm). The LMT group 4 (≥ 1.26 mm) had the highest percentage of abnormal MG (95.7%) and MG loss area (37%). The total abnormal MG ratio and thickened MG ratio were significantly higher in the LMT group 4. LMT ≥ 1.20 mm was identified as a potential indicator for MG loss area of more than one-third.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Eyelids with thick LMT had more abnormal MG morphology, including thickening and dropout. An LMT ≥ 1.20 mm could be a criterion to suspect MGD. Thus, the LMT could be a simple screening tool to predict MG loss and might aid in the diagnosis and early management of MGD with a sensitivity of 0.645 and a specificity of 0.768.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-Related Variations of Corneal Sensitivity in Puppies Beagle Dogs.","authors":"Sabine Chahory, Célia Maringue, Pierre Huiban, Loïc Desquilbet","doi":"10.1111/vop.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the evolution of corneal sensitivity in healthy beagle puppies during the first weeks of life, compare these results with adult corneal sensitivity, and determine the age at which adult corneal sensitivity levels are reached.</p><p><strong>Animals studied: </strong>Twelve puppies and five adult females.</p><p><strong>Procedures: </strong>Corneal sensitivity was assessed in puppies weekly from 2 to 7 weeks of age and in their mothers by measuring the corneal touch threshold (CTT) in the central cornea using a Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer. Hygrometric and temperature measurements were recorded throughout the study period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In puppies, esthesiometry indicated a progressive decrease in corneal sensitivity with age. Sensitivity was higher between 2 and 4 weeks, which stabilized between 5 and 7 weeks, with a median CTT values of 0.5, 0.5, 0.8, 1.4, 1.2, and 1.4 g/mm² at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 weeks, respectively. The median CTT in puppies reached the adult median value (1.4 g/mm²) at 5 weeks. The median CTT at 2 weeks was significantly different from the median CTT at 7 weeks (0.5 vs. 1.4 g/mm²). Humidity and temperature were not significantly associated with corneal sensitivity in adults.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, corneal sensitivity in beagle puppies was higher during the first 3 weeks of life compared to 7 weeks. During this early period, puppies exhibited corneal sensitivity levels exceeding those of adults, which subsequently decreased to adult-equivalent values between 5 and 7 weeks of age.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Aqueous Humor From ADAMTS10-Mutant Beagles at an Early Stage of Open-Angle Glaucoma.","authors":"Elisabeth Collins, Christine D Harman, Amanda L Jacobson, Carolina Mehaffy, Kim R Love, András M Komáromy, Michala de Linde Henriksen","doi":"10.1111/vop.13321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.13321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in aqueous humor from ADAMTS10-mutant research Beagles at an early stage of open-angle glaucoma (OAG).</p><p><strong>Animals studied: </strong>Twenty-four research Beagles were enrolled into this case-controlled study. Three groups of ADAMTS10-mutant research Beagles were enrolled in this study: (1) Intraocular pressure (IOP) 15-25 mmHg (normotensive IOP), (2) IOP 25-30 mmHg, and (3) IOP 30-36 mmHg. An unaffected control group of Beagles that were either ADAMTS10-wildtype (WT) or heterozygote-carrier with normotensive IOPs were also enrolled.</p><p><strong>Procedures: </strong>Aqueous humor samples were collected and analyzed for 16 pro-inflammatory cytokines using the Canine Cytokine SpikeMix and target mass spectrometry via multiple reaction monitoring (MRM-MS). Statistical differences between the four groups' pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as correlations between pro-inflammatory cytokines and IOPs, were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis tests and Spearman's rho (ρ) correlations, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IOP 15-25 mmHg (n = 8); IOP 25-30 mmHg (n = 6); IOP 30-36 mmHg (n = 5); and Control (WT n = 3, carrier n = 2, total n = 5). There were no differences between pro-inflammatory cytokines across the four groups (all p-values > 0.05). IL-13 had a moderate positive correlation with IOP, but was non-significant (ρ = 0.373, p = 0.073); IL-1β had a moderate negative correlation with IOP but was also non-significant (ρ = -0.344, p = 0.100). All other pro-inflammatory cytokines had only mild correlation with IOPs (|ρ| < 0.229, p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There were no significant changes in the investigated pro-inflammatory cytokines with elevated IOP in canine ADAMTS10-OAG.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143415060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Effect of Intravenous Mannitol and Hypertonic Saline on Intraocular Pressure and Biometry Parameters in Anesthetized Horses With Experimentally Increased Intracranial Pressure.","authors":"Genia R Bercovitz, Stasia N Sullivan, Rachel A Reed, Clare A Ryan, Kathryn A Diehl","doi":"10.1111/vop.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effect of intravenous mannitol and hypertonic saline (HS) on intraocular pressure (IOP) and biometry parameters of horses with elevated intracranial pressure (ICP).</p><p><strong>Procedures: </strong>Seven horses with normal ophthalmic exams were anesthetized and placed in lateral recumbency. A subarachnoid transducer was placed, and the head was lowered until ICP measured 40 mmHg +/- 2 mmHg. Five intravenous boluses of mannitol 20% (0.4 g/kg) or HS 7.2% (1 mL/kg) were administered, each 15 min apart. A 2-day washout period ensued, and the procedure was repeated with the other hyperosmotic agent. IOP via a TonoVet, axial length and vitreous chamber depth via biometry, and ICP via the subarachnoid transducer were monitored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant correlation between ICP and IOP was identified. Estimated marginal mean (EMM) reduction in IOP (comparing values 5 min post bolus to values at bolus administration) following mannitol and HS was 2.4 mmHg and 0.4 mmHg, respectively. Mean axial length EMM decreased by and increased by 0.1 mm following mannitol and HS, respectively. Mean vitreous chamber depth EMM was unchanged and increased by 0.1 mm following mannitol and HS, respectively. The EMM of the second HS bolus demonstrated an increase of 0.8 mm (95% confidence interval 0.01-1.5 mm) in axial length (p < 0.048), though the remaining individual bolus assessments were not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Intravenous mannitol and HS did not cause a significant change in IOP, axial length, or vitreous chamber depth in healthy, anesthetized, laterally recumbent horses in this experimental model of increased ICP.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of Recalibrated TONOVET Plus and TONOVET Pro in Canine Eyes Compared to Manometer and TONOVET.","authors":"Jiwon Lee, Wontae Kim, Jaeho Shim, Yujin Kim, Seonmi Kang, Young-Kyoung Yoo, Young-Ho Lee, Kangmoon Seo","doi":"10.1111/vop.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the accuracy of recalibrated TONOVET Plus (rTVP) and the newly released TONOVET Pro (TVPR) in measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) in ex vivo canine eyes compared to manometer and the established TONOVET (TV).</p><p><strong>Procedure: </strong>Sixteen enucleated canine eyes were cannulated to establish manometric IOPs ranging from 5 to 80 mmHg. IOP measurements were obtained using TV, rTVP, and TVPR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All tonometers showed a strong correlation with the manometer (R² > 0.98). Measurements from rTVP and TVPR exhibited almost perfect agreement with the manometer (CCC = 0.9974 for both), whereas TV demonstrated lower agreement (CCC = 0.9874) associated with greater systematic bias. Specifically, TV showed a lower proportional bias (95% confidence interval [CI] of the slope = 0.987-1.006) but a larger systematic bias (intercept = -3.33 mmHg) compared to rTVP and TVPR (95% CI of the slope = 1.045-1.066 and 1.045-1.063; intercept = -2.532 and -2.633 mmHg, respectively). In accuracy analyses by range, rTVP and TVPR showed no significant difference from the manometer in the 30-70 mmHg and 35-80 mmHg IOP ranges, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among the ICare rebound tonometers, rTVP and TVPR provided the most accurate IOP measurements in the ex vivo analysis and demonstrated particularly strong agreement in the high IOP range, suggesting their suitability for IOP measurement in glaucomatous patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraocular Pressure Reference Values Comparing Two Rebound Tonometers (TonoVet and TonoVet Plus) in Male Camels (Camelus dromedarius).","authors":"Maria Luisa Perez Orrico, Mikel Sabater Gonzalez, Jessica Villar Ibañez, Javier Planas Escudero, Kinley Smith, Rodrigo Pinheiro de Lacerda, Samuela Mazzucchelli","doi":"10.1111/vop.13327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.13327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the intraocular pressure (IOP) reference values in healthy male camels using two rebound tonometers: TonoVet (TV) and TonoVet Plus (TV+), and to compare measurements between both devices and in different body positions.</p><p><strong>Animals' studied: </strong>Thirty-four healthy, captive, adult (8-24 years and a median age of 14), male camels belonging to a zoological collection in Fuerteventura, Spain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All camels underwent general physical examination, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and tonometry, under minimal physical restraint (headstall and chute). Three consecutive readings were acquired with TV and/or TV+ in the right and/or left eyes in standing and/or sitting positions, whenever possible. Comparisons between groups were made when paired data for the test variable was available for the same eye (for tonometer and body position) or for the same animal (for left and right eyes) using paired t-tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean IOP (± standard error and range) in standing position was 18.51 mmHg (0.52, 10.33-24.33 mmHg) for TV and 19.53 mmHg (0.50, 12.33-26.33 mmHg) for TV+. In sitting position, the IOP was 14.70 mmHg (0.49, 11.33-18.33 mmHg) for TV and 16.28 mmHg (0.47, 13-19.66 mmHg) for TV+. Measurements for both TV and TV+ were significantly higher (p = 0.003 and p = 0.011, respectively) in standing position. Recordings with TV+ were significantly higher than with TV, in any body position (p < 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences between right and left eyes, except for TV+ in standing position, with the IOP in the left eye being significantly higher (20.58 mmHg versus 18.51 mmHg, p = 0.004).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report estimating the IOP reference values in male camels comparing two different rebound tonometers. Measurements for both TV and TV+ were significantly higher in the standing position. Recordings with TV+ were significantly higher than with TV (in any body position). Further studies with female individuals and different age groups are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}