Veterinary ophthalmology最新文献

Features of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in a Case of Chronic Uveodermatologic Syndrome. 1例慢性葡萄膜皮肤病综合征的光学相干断层扫描（OCT）特征。

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

Veterinary ophthalmology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/vop.70183

Alexa P Gray, Eric C Ledbetter, Jeanine Peters-Kennedy, Ryan Taylor, Erin M Scott

{"title":"Features of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in a Case of Chronic Uveodermatologic Syndrome.","authors":"Alexa P Gray, Eric C Ledbetter, Jeanine Peters-Kennedy, Ryan Taylor, Erin M Scott","doi":"10.1111/vop.70183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.70183","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To report retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings in a dog with chronic uveodermatologic syndrome (UDS) and to correlate these findings with clinical features to aid in diagnosis.Animal studied: A 7-year-old spayed female mixed-breed dog presented with red eyes and suspected vision loss. She had a history of panuveitis and bilateral bullous retinal detachments diagnosed 3 years earlier.Methods: Complete ophthalmic examination was performed to evaluate active anterior uveitis and inactive chorioretinitis. Physical exam revealed new vitiligo and skin biopsies of the nasal planum and eyelids confirmed a diagnosis of UDS by a dermatopathologist. Fundus photography documented the retinal lesions and OCT characterized the changes to retinal structure. GLS-1027, a novel anti-inflammatory medication, was started after the most recent flare up in an attempt to control future flare ups.Results: RetCam fundus photography revealed well-demarcated areas of tapetal hyperreflectivity, hyperpigmented scarring, and non-tapetal depigmentation. OCT b-scans revealed normal retinal layering in unaffected areas and marked pathologic changes in affected areas. These changes included diffuse structural alteration of the retina in areas of hyperpigmented scarring and hypopigmented regions with partial-to-complete loss of retinal thickness and structure. 12 months after the last recheck, the dog continued to receive oral GLS-1027 and had no recurrence of clinical signs on ocular exam.Conclusions: This study represented the first documentation of in vivo retinal changes in UDS using OCT imaging. This case highlighted the potential of OCT to visualize retinal changes in UDS and suggests its possible utility in disease monitoring.","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":"29 3","pages":"e70183"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Light Intensity on the Geometric Iridocorneal Angle and Ciliary Cleft Parameters Using Ultrasound Biomicroscopy in Normal Purpose-Bred Beagle Dogs. 超声生物显微镜下光强对普通比格犬虹膜角膜几何角和睫状体裂隙参数的影响

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

Veterinary ophthalmology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/vop.70184

Kelsey E Cornman, Diane Van Horn Hendrix, Xiaojuan Zhu, Braidee C Foote

{"title":"Effect of Light Intensity on the Geometric Iridocorneal Angle and Ciliary Cleft Parameters Using Ultrasound Biomicroscopy in Normal Purpose-Bred Beagle Dogs.","authors":"Kelsey E Cornman, Diane Van Horn Hendrix, Xiaojuan Zhu, Braidee C Foote","doi":"10.1111/vop.70184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.70184","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the effect of varying light intensity on geometric iridocorneal angle (ICA) and ciliary cleft (CC) parameters using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in normal canines.Animals studied: Twenty clinically normal adult purpose-bred Beagles (40 eyes).Procedures: All dogs underwent UBM of the CC at two locations (dorsal and temporal) in each eye under dark (< 1 lx), dim (~40 lx), and bright (> 1500 lx) light conditions. The following parameters were measured: geometric ICA, width of CC entrance, width of mid-CC, and length of CC. Digital color and infrared photographs were obtained to allow for pupil diameter measurement under each light condition.Results: Increasing light intensity resulted in significant decrease in the geometric ICA (dark: 47.27° ± 11.09°; dim: 40.48° ± 9.71°; bright: 26.72° ± 7.63°; p = 0.0001) with marginal effect on the width of CC entrance (dark: 0.25 ± 0.04 mm; dim: 0.27 ± 0.06 mm; bright: 0.28 ± 0.08 mm; p = 0.0548), and no effect on width of mid-CC, or length of CC. Regardless of light intensity or laterality of eye, geometric ICA and width of CC entrance were significantly greater dorsally (ICA: 39.82° ± 12.67° dorsal vs. 36.5° ± 12.8° temporal; CC entrance: 0.28 ± 0.07 mm dorsal vs. 0.26 ± 0.06 mm temporal; p = 0.0003 respectively) and CC length was significantly greater temporally (2.36 ± 0.28 mm temporal vs. 2.2 ± 0.27 mm dorsal; p = 0.0028).Conclusions: Aside from the geometric ICA, varying light intensity does not significantly impact CC measurements. ICA and CC measurements varied by quadrant. The authors recommend performing UBM of the CC in dim light conditions as this is most applicable to clinical settings and subjectively provided the greatest image quality.","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":"29 3","pages":"e70184"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intravitreal Cidofovir Injection for Refractory End-Stage Glaucoma and Vision Loss in Silicone Oil-Filled Eyes Following Retinal Reattachment Surgery in Dogs: Four Cases. 玻璃体内注射西多福韦治疗硅油填充眼视网膜再植术后难治性终末期青光眼和视力丧失4例

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

Veterinary ophthalmology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/vop.70185

Sunhyo Kim, Jaeho Shim

{"title":"Intravitreal Cidofovir Injection for Refractory End-Stage Glaucoma and Vision Loss in Silicone Oil-Filled Eyes Following Retinal Reattachment Surgery in Dogs: Four Cases.","authors":"Sunhyo Kim, Jaeho Shim","doi":"10.1111/vop.70185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.70185","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To describe the clinical outcome of intravitreal cidofovir injection for palliative management of refractory end-stage glaucoma and vision loss in silicone oil-filled eyes following retinal reattachment surgery in dogs.Procedures: Medical records of dogs that underwent a single intravitreal cidofovir injection for pharmacologic ciliary body ablation were retrospectively reviewed. Data collected included clinical history, intraocular pressure (IOP), post-injection ocular comfort, complications, and follow-up duration.Results: Four dogs (four eyes) were included. All treated eyes demonstrated a marked reduction in IOP at the first post-injection recheck (14-28 days after injection; post-injection IOP range: 3-7 mmHg). Adequate pain control was achieved in all dogs throughout the follow-up period (median follow-up: 306.5 days; range: 40-369 days). Progressive phthisis bulbi developed in one case at long-term follow-up, while the remaining eyes maintained acceptable globe integrity and cosmetic appearance. Moderate to severe post-injection ocular discharge, conjunctival hyperemia, and aqueous flare were observed in all cases and were manageable with routine topical therapy. All owners reported satisfaction with post-injection comfort and appearance.Conclusions: A single intravitreal cidofovir injection may represent a feasible palliative option for controlling intraocular pressure and ocular pain in silicone oil-filled eyes with refractory glaucoma when enucleation is declined. Further studies are needed to better characterize long-term safety and outcomes in this clinical setting.","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":"29 3","pages":"e70185"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13121588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Novel Non-Invasive Treatment for Canine Corneal Ulcers: Application of New Extracellular Matrix-Based Sticky Sealants. 新型无创治疗犬角膜溃疡：新型细胞外基质黏性密封剂的应用。

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

Veterinary ophthalmology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/vop.70181

Su-Jung Yang, Je-Hwan Jang, Ju Young Park, Jinah Jang, Joon-Young Kim

{"title":"Novel Non-Invasive Treatment for Canine Corneal Ulcers: Application of New Extracellular Matrix-Based Sticky Sealants.","authors":"Su-Jung Yang, Je-Hwan Jang, Ju Young Park, Jinah Jang, Joon-Young Kim","doi":"10.1111/vop.70181","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vop.70181","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of a newly developed adhesive tissue sealant, gelatinized cornea-derived decellularized extracellular matrix (Cod-ECM) for the treatment of stromal ulcers in dogs.Animal studied: This study included 60 eyes of 56 dogs diagnosed with stromal ulcerative keratitis, limited to corneal ulcers involving less than 50% of corneal thickness.Procedures: Thirty eyes were treated with gelatinized Cod-ECM in combination with standard medical therapy, while the remaining eyes received conventional therapy alone. Assessments included the corneal opacity score (assessed using the semi-quantitative preclinical ocular toxicology scoring system), degree of corneal neovascularization, and time taken for complete epithelialization.Results: Complete re-epithelialization was achieved in both the gelatinized Cod-ECM group and the Control group. The gelatinized Cod-ECM group exhibited a significant improvement in corneal opacity compared with that in the Control group (p < 0.01). Complete epithelialization occurred significantly faster in the GelCODE group (3.9 ± 0.7 days) than in the Control group (5.3 ± 1.0 days) (p < 0.01). The use of gelatinized Cod-ECM was not associated with a significant improvement in corneal vascularization compared to the Control group (p = 0.3).Conclusions: Gelatinized Cod-ECM is a simple, non-invasive, and cost-effective treatment option for stromal corneal ulcers. Compared to conventional therapy, it provides superior corneal clarity and significantly accelerates epithelial healing. Although it showed no significant effect on corneal neovascularization, its ease of application and therapeutic benefits make it a promising and widely applicable approach for the management of stromal corneal ulcers in veterinary practice.","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":"29 3","pages":"e70181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13071791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147677206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Long-Term Effects of Various Therapies for Pigmentary Keratitis in Pugs. 色素性角膜炎各种治疗方法的远期疗效观察。

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

Veterinary ophthalmology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/vop.70163

Ingrid Allgoewer

{"title":"Long-Term Effects of Various Therapies for Pigmentary Keratitis in Pugs.","authors":"Ingrid Allgoewer","doi":"10.1111/vop.70163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/vop.70163","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the long-term efficacy of simplified medial canthoplasty (MCP) with and without adjunctive corneal cryotherapy (CC), followed by topical therapy (TT), versus TT alone in the management of pigmentary keratitis (PK) in Pugs.Methods: Medical records of Pugs diagnosed with PK were retrospectively reviewed and assigned to four treatment groups. Only dogs with a minimum follow-up period of 1.5 years were included. Group 1 received TT alone; Group 2 underwent MCP with TT. Group 3 was treated with MCP, bilateral CC, and TT, while Group 4 received MCP, TT, and randomized unilateral CC. Outcome measures included ocular discharge, Schirmer tear test-1 (STT-1), fluorescein staining (FS), and corneal pigmentation (density and distribution), assessed at baseline and at final follow-up.Results: Seventy-six Pugs met the inclusion criteria. Tear film parameters (STT-1, FS, and ocular discharge) improved in all dogs following therapy. In Groups 1 and 2, regression of the PK occurred in approximately 25% of dogs. In Group 2, complete resolution of the PK was observed in two dogs. In Group 3, corneal pigmentation decreased or remained stable in most cases, and in Group 4, PK consistently regressed in CC-treated eyes.Conclusions: Simplified MCP in combination with TT provides superior long-term control of PK compared with TT alone. In dogs presenting with advanced pigmentation, adjunctive CC offers additional therapeutic benefit, although partial recurrence of pigmentation may develop over time.","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":"29 3","pages":"e70163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Note From the Guest Editors of the Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Special Edition. 《多样性、公平和包容》特别版客座编辑的注释。

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

Veterinary ophthalmology Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/vop.70187

Mary R Telle, Terri E Gibson

引用次数: 0

Modified Simple Limbal Epithelial Transplant for the Treatment of Symblepharon in Cats: A Pilot Study. 改良简单角膜缘上皮移植治疗猫眼睑粘连的初步研究。

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

Veterinary ophthalmology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1111/vop.70051

William Irving, Emily Perry, Kelly Caruso, Benjamin Reynolds, Paul McCarthy, Cameron Whittaker, Matthew Annear

{"title":"Modified Simple Limbal Epithelial Transplant for the Treatment of Symblepharon in Cats: A Pilot Study.","authors":"William Irving, Emily Perry, Kelly Caruso, Benjamin Reynolds, Paul McCarthy, Cameron Whittaker, Matthew Annear","doi":"10.1111/vop.70051","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vop.70051","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To describe a surgical technique to treat keratoconjunctival symblepharon with a modified simple limbal epithelial transplant (SLET).Methods: Four cats underwent an autologous modified SLET from a normal contralateral eye to the recipient eye. Patients were scored preoperatively and postoperatively based on the degree of cornea affected and the corneal clarity.Results: Three of the four cases had significant improvements in both their corneal clarity scores and the amount of cornea occupied by conjunctiva. One case developed a corneal infection in the recipient eye 1 month postoperatively, with minimal improvements being made to the corneal clarity.Conclusions: This study suggests that autologous limbal transplants can be an effective surgical treatment for unilateral feline keratoconjunctival symblepharon. Compared to published results of surgical removal alone, limbal transplants can result in more corneal clarity and less cornea affected by symblepharon. Further investigation is warranted to refine the procedure as well as determine whether allogenic transplantation is effective in cases of bilateral symblepharon.","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"e70051"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144733555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Treating Evaporative Dry Eye Disease in Dogs Based Upon Tear Film Lipid-Layer Thickness: A Retrospective Cohort Study. 基于泪膜脂层厚度治疗犬蒸发性干眼病：一项回顾性队列研究。

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

Veterinary ophthalmology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1111/vop.70079

Benjamin D Reynolds, Cameron J Whittaker, Kelly A Caruso, William M Irving, Paul M McCarthy, Jeffrey S Smith

{"title":"Treating Evaporative Dry Eye Disease in Dogs Based Upon Tear Film Lipid-Layer Thickness: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Benjamin D Reynolds, Cameron J Whittaker, Kelly A Caruso, William M Irving, Paul M McCarthy, Jeffrey S Smith","doi":"10.1111/vop.70079","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vop.70079","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To classify evaporative dry eye disease (EDED) in dogs and trial therapies based upon tear film lipid layer thickness.Animals: Twenty client-owned dogs diagnosed with EDED.Procedures: Patients were recruited for retrospective assessment if they were diagnosed with EDED in the absence of other diagnoses that may lead to tear film instability. Tear film interferometry was performed to diagnose a lipid-deficient EDED (LD-EDED; < 30 nm) or idiopathic EDED (I-EDED; > 30 nm). Dogs with LD-EDED were treated with combined topical paraffin and wool fat ointment and oral flaxseed oil. Dogs with I-EDED were treated with combined topical trehalose and hyaluronic acid drops and either topical compounded tacrolimus or cyclosporine. A TFBUT was performed a minimum of 4 weeks later, and these were compared pre- and posttreatment via paired student t-tests and linear regression analysis with Pearson's correlations.Results: Patients with LD-EDED had a significant and strong correlation between pretreatment lipid layer thickness and pretreatment TFBUT (p = 0.037). Total mean pre- and posttreatment TFBUT was 3.63 ± 2.48 and 10.79 ± 4.83 s (p < 0.001) seconds, respectively (p < 0.001). LD-EDED pre- and posttreatment TFBUT was 3.75 ± 3.05 s and 11.75 ± 3.98 s (p < 0.001), respectively (p < 0.001). Patients with I-EDED had a pre- and posttreatment TFBUT of 3.56 ± 2.63 s and 9.76 ± 4.32 s, respectively (p < 0.001).Conclusion: Dogs with EDED appear to have significantly longer TFBUT following directed therapy.","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"e70079"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145056013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prevalence and Characteristics of Feline Ulcerative Keratitis and Corneal Sequestra in a Referral Population and Comparison Between Brachycephalic and Nonbrachycephalic Cats. 猫溃疡性角膜炎和角膜隔离在转诊人群中的患病率和特征以及短头和非短头猫的比较。

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

Veterinary ophthalmology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1111/vop.70048

M Frejlich, G Payen

{"title":"Prevalence and Characteristics of Feline Ulcerative Keratitis and Corneal Sequestra in a Referral Population and Comparison Between Brachycephalic and Nonbrachycephalic Cats.","authors":"M Frejlich, G Payen","doi":"10.1111/vop.70048","DOIUrl":"10.1111/vop.70048","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of feline ulcerative keratitis (UK) and corneal sequestra (CS) in brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic breeds.Animals studied: Brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic cats.Procedures: Cats diagnosed with UK or CS (Total, 392; UK, 290; CS, 102), between 2013 and 2022, were included. Collected data included signalment, affected eye, lesion characteristics, predisposing factors, and treatment type. UK was classified as superficial (grade 1), stromal (grade 2), or descemetoceles and perforations (grade 3). Sequestra received grade CS or CSi when associated without or with infectious keratitis, respectively. Disease prevalence and collected data were compared between normocephalic and brachycephalic cats.Results: Prevalence of UK was 15% (218/1418) in nonbrachycephalics and 36% (72/202) in brachycephalics (p < .001). No significant differences were noted in the prevalence of grades 2 and 3 between brachycephalics and nonbrachycephalics. Brachycephalics were more affected by central/paracentral corneal ulcers (p = .001) or sequestra (p < .001). Corneal vascularization was more frequent in nonbrachycephalics in both UK (non-BC, 67%; BC: 57%) and CS (non-BC, 74%; BC; 52%) groups. Keratoplasty was more frequently conducted in brachycephalics (p < .001). Overall, 38/286 nonbrachycephalic eyes and 3/128 brachycephalic eyes with UK or CS underwent entropion surgery (p = .002).Conclusion: Brachycephalic cats were more affected by UK and CS. Stromal and perforated corneal ulcers were not more frequent in brachycephalics, but corneal lesions were centrally located and less frequently associated with corneal vascularization than in nonbrachycephalics. An inferotemporal entropion was more often associated with UK or CS in nonbrachycephalics.","PeriodicalId":23836,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"e70048"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12951262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144754582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Connection Between Access to Veterinary Care and Access to the Veterinary Profession. 获得兽医护理和获得兽医专业之间的联系。

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

Veterinary ophthalmology Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-28 DOI: 10.1111/vop.70095

Valerie C Marcano, Shadi Ireifej, Serena Nayee

引用次数: 0