World Journal of Cardiology最新文献

{"title":"Recent advances in the diagnostic methods and therapeutic strategies of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis","authors":"C. Kourek, A. Briasoulis, Dimitrios E. Magouliotis, Panagiotis Georgoulias, G. Giamouzis, F. Triposkiadis, J. Skoularigis, Andrew Xanthopoulos","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v16.i7.370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v16.i7.370","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiac amyloidosis is a progressive disease characterized by the buildup of amyloid fibrils in the extracellular space of the heart. It is divided in 2 main types, immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis and transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR), and ATTR amyloidosis is further divided in 2 subtypes, non-hereditary wild type ATTR and hereditary mutant variant amyloidosis. Incidence and prevalence of ATTR cardiac amyloidosis is increasing over the last years due to the improvements in diagnostic methods. Survival rates are improving due to the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Tafamidis is the only disease-modifying approved therapy in ATTR amyloidosis so far. However, the most recent advances in medical therapies have added more options with the potential to become part of the therapeutic armamentarium of the disease. Agents including acoramidis, eplontersen, vutrisiran, patisiran and anti-monoclonal antibody NI006 are being investigated on cardiac function in large, multicenter controlled trials which are expected to be completed within the next 2-3 years, providing promising results in patients with ATTR cardiac amyloidosis. However, further and ongoing research is required in order to improve diagnostic methods that could provide an early diagnosis, as well as survival and quality of life of these patients.","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"35 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excess cardiovascular mortality in men with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A cause for concern!","authors":"Akash Batta, Juniali Hatwal","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v16.i7.380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v16.i7.380","url":null,"abstract":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the commonest cause of chronic liver disease worldwide in recent years. With time, our understanding of NAFLD has evolved from an isolated liver condition to a systemic disease with significant manifestations beyond the liver. Amongst them, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most important and clinically relevant. Recent research supports a strong independent link between NALFD and CVD beyond the shared risk factors and pathophysiology. Female sex hormones are well known to not only protect against CVD in pre-menopausal females, but also contribute to improved adipose tissue function and preventing its systemic deposition. Recent research highlights the increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular-cerebral events (MACCE) amongst male with NAFLD compared to females. Further, racial variation was observed in MACCE outcomes in NAFLD, with excess mortality in the Native Americans and Asian Pacific Islanders compared to the other races.","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141801185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network pharmacology-based exploration of molecular mechanisms underlying therapeutic effects of Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe on chronic heart failure with spleen Qi deficiency syndrome","authors":"Si-Qi Li, D. Min, Jun-Wen Jiang, Xiao-Ying Li, Xu-Na Yang, Wen-Bo Gu, Jia-Hui Jiang, Li-Hao Chen, Han Nan, Ze-Yu Chen","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v16.i7.422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v16.i7.422","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000 Chronic heart failure is a complex clinical syndrome. The Chinese herbal compound preparation Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe has been used to treat chronic heart failure; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is still not clear.\u0000 AIM\u0000 To identify the effective active ingredients of Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe and explore its molecular mechanism in the treatment of chronic heart failure.\u0000 METHODS\u0000 The effective active ingredients of eight herbs composing Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe were identified using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform. The target genes of chronic heart failure were searched in the Genecards database. The target proteins of active ingredients were mapped to chronic heart failure target genes to obtain the common drug-disease targets, which were then used to construct a key chemical component-target network using Cytoscape 3.7.2 software. The protein-protein interaction network was constructed using the String database. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed through the Metascape database. Finally, our previously published relevant articles were searched to verify the results obtained via network pharmacology.\u0000 RESULTS\u0000 A total of 227 effective active ingredients for Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe were identified, of which quercetin, kaempferol, 7-methoxy-2-methyl isoflavone, formononetin, and isorhamnetin may be key active ingredients and involved in the therapeutic effects of TCM by acting on STAT3, MAPK3, AKT1, JUN, MAPK1, TP53, TNF, HSP90AA1, p65, MAPK8, MAPK14, IL6, EGFR, EDN1, FOS, and other proteins. The pathways identified by KEGG enrichment analysis include pathways in cancer, IL-17 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway, NF-kappaB signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, etc. Previous studies on Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe suggested that this Chinese compound preparation can regulate the TNF-α, IL-6, MAPK, cAMP, and AMPK pathways to affect the mitochondrial structure of myocardial cells, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism, thus achieving the therapeutic effects on chronic heart failure.\u0000 CONCLUSION\u0000 The Chinese medicine compound preparation Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe exerts therapeutic effects on chronic heart failure possibly by influencing the mitochondrial structure of cardiomyocytes, oxidative stress, energy metabolism, and other processes. Future studies are warranted to investigate the role of the IL-17 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and other pathways in mediating the therapeutic effects of Jianpi Huatan Quyu recipe on chronic heart failure.","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"29 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Misinterpretation of sleep-induced second-degree atrioventricular block","authors":"S. S. Barold","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v16.i7.385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v16.i7.385","url":null,"abstract":"A number of publications have claimed that Mobitz type II atrioventricular block (AVB) may occur during sleep. None of the reports defined type II AVB and representative electrocardiograms were either misinterpreted or missing. Relatively benign Wenckebach type I AVB is often misdiagnosed as Mobitz type II which is an indication for a pacemaker. Review of the published reports indicates that Mobitz type II AVB does not occur during sleep when it is absent in the awake state. Conclusion: There is no proof that sleep is associated with Mobitz type II AVB.","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"116 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141802250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing delivery route-dependent safety and efficacy of living biodrug mesenchymal stem cells in heart failure patients.","authors":"Muhammad Candragupta Jihwaprani, Idris Sula, Mohamed Ahmed Charbat, Khawaja Husnain Haider","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v16.i6.339","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v16.i6.339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as living biopharmaceuticals with unique properties, <i>i.e.</i>, stemness, viability, phenotypes, paracrine activity, <i>etc.</i>, need to be administered such that they reach the target site, maintaining these properties unchanged and are retained at the injury site to participate in the repair process. Route of delivery (RoD) remains one of the critical determinants of safety and efficacy. This study elucidates the safety and effectiveness of different RoDs of MSC treatment in heart failure (HF) based on phase II randomized clinical trials (RCTs). We hypothesize that the RoD modulates the safety and efficacy of MSC-based therapy and determines the outcome of the intervention.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the effect of RoD of MSCs on safety and efficacy in HF patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>RCTs were retrieved from six databases. Safety endpoints included mortality and serious adverse events (SAEs), while efficacy outcomes encompassed changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), and pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP). Subgroup analyses on RoD were performed for all study endpoints.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve RCTs were included. Overall, MSC therapy demonstrated a significant decrease in mortality [relative risk (RR): 0.55, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.33-0.92, <i>P</i> = 0.02] compared to control, while SAE outcomes showed no significant difference (RR: 0.84, 95%CI: 0.66-1.05, <i>P</i> = 0.11). RoD subgroup analysis revealed a significant difference in SAE among the transendocardial (TESI) injection subgroup (RR = 0.71, 95%CI: 0.54-0.95, <i>P</i> = 0.04). The pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) demonstrated an overall significant improvement of LVEF by 2.44% (WMD: 2.44%, 95%CI: 0.80-4.29, <i>P</i> value ≤ 0.001), with only intracoronary (IC) subgroup showing significant improvement (WMD: 7.26%, 95%CI: 5.61-8.92, <i>P</i> ≤ 0.001). Furthermore, the IC delivery route significantly improved 6MWD by 115 m (WMD = 114.99 m, 95%CI: 91.48-138.50), respectively. In biochemical efficacy outcomes, only the IC subgroup showed a significant reduction in pro-BNP by -860.64 pg/mL (WMD: -860.64 pg/Ml, 95%CI: -944.02 to -777.26, <i>P</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study concluded that all delivery methods of MSC-based therapy are safe. Despite the overall benefits in efficacy, the TESI and IC routes provided better outcomes than other methods. Larger-scale trials are warranted before implementing MSC-based therapy in routine clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"16 6","pages":"339-354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11235206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initial decrease in the lipoprotein(a) level is a novel prognostic biomarker in patients with acute coronary syndrome.","authors":"Yasuhiko Saeki, Jun Sawaguchi, Satori Akita, Taka-Aki Takamura, Kosuke Fujibayashi, Minoru Wakasa, Hironobu Akao, Michihiko Kitayama, Yasuyuki Kawai, Kouji Kajinami","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v16.i6.329","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v16.i6.329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases; however, its role in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the hypothesis that the Lp(a) levels are altered by various conditions during the acute phase of ACS, resulting in subsequent cardiovascular events.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From September 2009 to May 2016, 377 patients with ACS who underwent emergent coronary angiography, and 249 who completed ≥ 1000 d of follow-up were enrolled. Lp(a) levels were measured using an isoform-independent assay at each time point from before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to 48 h after PCI. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE; cardiac death, other vascular death, ACS, and non-cardiac vascular events).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean circulating Lp(a) level decreased significantly from pre-PCI (0 h) to 12 h after (19.0 mg/dL to 17.8 mg/dL, <i>P</i> < 0.001), and then increased significantly up to 48 h after (19.3 mg/dL, <i>P</i> < 0.001). The changes from 0 to 12 h [Lp(a)Δ0-12] significantly correlated with the basal levels of creatinine [Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (SRCC): -0.181, <i>P</i> < 0.01] and Lp(a) (SRCC: -0.306, <i>P</i> < 0.05). Among the tertiles classified according to Lp(a)Δ0-12, MACE was significantly more frequent in the lowest Lp(a)Δ0-12 group than in the remaining two tertile groups (66.2% <i>vs</i> 53.6%, <i>P</i> = 0.034). A multivariate analysis revealed that Lp(a)Δ0-12 [hazard ratio (HR): 0.96, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.92-0.99] and basal creatinine (HR: 1.13, 95%CI: 1.05-1.22) were independent determinants of subsequent MACE.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Circulating Lp(a) levels in patients with ACS decreased significantly after emergent PCI, and a greater decrease was independently associated with a worse prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"16 6","pages":"329-338"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11235205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Massive inferior wall aneurysm presenting with ventricular tachycardia and refractory cardiomyopathy requiring multiple interventions: A case report.","authors":"Anderson Anuforo, Jake Charlamb, Dan Draytsel, Mark Charlamb","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v16.i6.363","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v16.i6.363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inferior wall left ventricular aneurysms are rare, they develop after transmural myocardial infarction (MI) and may be associated with poorer prognosis. We present a unique case of a large aneurysm of the inferior wall complicated by ventricular tachycardia (VT) and requiring surgical resection and mitral valve replacement.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>A 59-year-old male was admitted for VT one month after he had a delayed presentation for an inferior ST-segment elevation MI and was discovered to have a large true inferior wall aneurysm on echocardiography and confirmed on coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography. Due to the sustained VT, concern for aneurysm expansion, and persistent heart failure symptoms, the patient was referred for surgical resection of the aneurysm with patch repair, mitral valve replacement, and automated implantable cardioverter defibrillator insertion with significant improvement in functional and clinical status.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Inferior wall aneurysms are rare and require close monitoring to identify electrical or contractile sequelae. Coronary CT angiography can outline anatomic details and guide surgical intervention to ameliorate life-threatening complications and improve performance status.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"16 6","pages":"363-369"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11235207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of D-dimer on in-hospital mortality following aortic dissection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Sashwath Srikanth, Shabnam Abrishami, Lakshmi Subramanian, Ashwini Mahadevaiah, Ankit Vyas, Akhil Jain, Sangeetha Nathaniel, Subramanian Gnanaguruparan, Rupak Desai","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v16.i6.355","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v16.i6.355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The utility of D-dimer (DD) as a biomarker for acute aortic dissection (AD) is recognized. Yet, its predictive value for in-hospital mortality remains uncertain and subject to conflicting evidence.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To conduct a meta-analysis of AD-related in-hospital mortality (ADIM) with elevated DD levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar for AD and ADIM literature through May 2022. Heterogeneity was assessed using <i>I</i> ² statistics and effect size (hazard or odds ratio) analysis with random-effects models. Sample size, study type, and patients' mean age were used for subgroup analysis. The significance threshold was <i>P</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen studies (3628 patients) were included in our study. The pooled prevalence of ADIM was 20% (95%CI: 15%-25%). Despite comparable demographic characteristics and comorbidities, elevated DD values were associated with higher ADIM risk (unadjusted effect size: 1.94, 95%CI: 1.34-2.8; adjusted effect size: 1.12, 95%CI: 1.05-1.19, <i>P</i> < 0.01). Studies involving patients with a mean age of < 60 years exhibited an increased mortality risk (effect size: 1.43, 95%CI: 1.23-1.67, <i>P</i> < 0.01), whereas no significant difference was observed in studies with a mean age > 60 years. Prospective and larger sample size studies (<i>n</i> > 250) demonstrated a heightened likelihood of ADIM associated with elevated DD levels (effect size: 2.57, 95%CI: 1.30-5.08, <i>P</i> < 0.01 <i>vs</i> effect size: 1.05, 95%CI: 1.00-1.11, <i>P</i> = 0.05, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our meta-analysis shows elevated DD increases in-hospital mortality risk in AD patients, highlighting the need for larger, prospective studies to improve risk prediction models.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"16 6","pages":"355-362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11235203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of a patient with an unusual trajectory of a temporary trans-venous pacing lead.","authors":"Metesh Acharya, Ethan Kavanagh, Sheena Garg, Davorin Sef, Fabio de Robertis","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v16.i6.314","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v16.i6.314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perforation of the right ventricle during placement of pacing wires is a well-documented complication and can be potentially fatal. Use of temporary pacemaker, helical screw leads and steroids use prior to implant are recognised as risk factors for development of post-permanent pacemaker effusion. We reported an unusual case of pacing wire perforating interventricular septum into the left ventricle that occurred during the implant procedure performed in another institution. After the preoperative work-up and transfer to our tertiary cardiothoracic centre, the patient underwent successful surgical management. In conclusion, early recognition and timely diagnosis using advanced multimodality imaging can guide surgical intervention and prevent unfavourable consequences of device-related complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"16 6","pages":"314-317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11235204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound unveiling: Decoding venous congestion in heart failure for precision management of fluid status.","authors":"Davide Ramoni, Federico Carbone, Fabrizio Montecucco","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v16.i6.306","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v16.i6.306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This editorial discusses the manuscript by Di Maria <i>et al</i>, published in the recent issue of the <i>World Journal of Cardiology</i>. We here focus on the still elusive pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cardio-renal syndrome (CRS), despite its high prevalence and the substantial worsening of both kidney function and heart failure. While the measure of right atrial pressure through right cardiac catheterization remains the most accurate albeit invasive and costly procedure, integrating bedside ultrasound into diagnostic protocols may substantially enhance the staging of venous congestion and guide therapeutic decisions. In particular, with the assessment of Doppler patterns across multiple venous districts, the Venous Excess Ultrasound (VExUS) score improves the management of fluid overload and provides insight into the underlying factors contributing to cardio-renal interactions. Integrating specific echocardiographic parameters, particularly those concerning the right heart, may thus improve the VExUS score sensitivity, offering perspective into the nuanced comprehension of cardio-renal dynamics. A multidisciplinary approach that consistently incorporates the use of ultrasound is emerging as a promising advance in the understanding and management of CRS.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"16 6","pages":"306-309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11235209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141591542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}