World Journal of Cardiology最新文献

{"title":"Comparative effectiveness of transcatheter <i>vs</i> surgical aortic valve replacement: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Iman Moradi, Muhammad Saqlain Mustafa, Jannat Sardar Sheikh, Behrooz Shojai Rahnama, Matthew Fredericks, Anil Kumar Yennam, Mustafa Arain, Utsow Saha, Andrew Richard Ma, Adithya Nagendran, Moosa Bin Omer, Muhammad Armaghan, Diana Carolina Cortés Jaimes, Nagavenkata Lova Surya Vamsi Avinash Bojanki, Muhammad Ashir Shafique","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i4.104168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v17.i4.104168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The management of severe symptomatic aortic stenosis has been revolutionized by transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), offering a minimally invasive alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). However, the comparative safety and efficacy of these interventions remain subjects of ongoing investigation.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare the clinical outcomes and safety of TAVR <i>vs</i> SAVR in patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing TAVR and SAVR were identified from databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to May 31, 2024. Data were extracted on clinical outcomes, including mortality, procedural complications, and post-procedure adverse events. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95%CIs were calculated using a random-effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 10 RCTs were included. TAVR demonstrated a significantly lower risk of acute kidney injury (RR: 0.33; 95%CI: 0.25-0.44), major bleeding (RR: 0.37; 95%CI: 0.30-0.46), and new-onset atrial fibrillation (RR: 0.44; 95%CI: 0.34-0.57) compared to SAVR. However, TAVR was associated with higher risks of new permanent pacemaker implantation (RR: 3.49; 95%CI: 2.77-4.39), major vascular complications (RR: 2.47; 95%CI: 1.91-3.21), and paravalvular leaks (RR: 4.15; 95%CI: 3.14-5.48). Mortality at 30 days was comparable (RR: 0.95; 95%CI: 0.78-1.15), but long-term mortality was slightly higher with TAVR in some analyses (RR: 1.23; 95%CI: 1.01-1.49). Rates of stroke (RR: 0.97; 95%CI: 0.81-1.17) and myocardial infarction (RR: 0.91; 95%CI: 0.67-1.24) were similar between the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TAVR offers a less invasive option with significant benefits in reducing acute kidney injury, major bleeding, and new-onset atrial fibrillation, making it particularly advantageous for high-risk surgical candidates. However, higher risks of permanent pacemaker implantation, vascular complications, and paravalvular leaks highlight the need for individualized patient selection and shared decision-making to optimize outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"17 4","pages":"104168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging risk factors for heart failure in younger populations: A growing public health concern.","authors":"Razieh Parizad, Akash Batta, Juniali Hatwal, Mohammadreza Taban-Sadeghi, Bishav Mohan","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i4.104717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v17.i4.104717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heart failure (HF) is a growing public health concern, with an increasing incidence among younger populations. Traditionally, HF was considered a condition primarily affecting the elderly, but of late, emerging evidence hints at a rapidly rising HF incidence in youth in the past 2 decades. HF in youth has been linked to a complex interaction between emerging risk factors, such as metabolic syndrome, environmental exposures, genetic predispositions, and lifestyle behaviors. This review examines these evolving determinants, including substance abuse, autoimmune diseases, and the long-term cardiovascular effects of coronavirus disease 2019, which disproportionately affect younger individuals. Through a comprehensive analysis, the study highlights the importance of early detection, targeted prevention strategies, and multidisciplinary management approaches to address this alarming trend. Promoting awareness and integrating age-specific interventions could significantly reduce the burden of HF and improve long-term outcomes among younger populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"17 4","pages":"104717"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-output heart failure secondary to iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula: A case report.","authors":"Ting He, Xin He, Xu-Ming Yuan","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i4.104748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v17.i4.104748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Arteriovenous fistula is a rare cause of refractory heart failure, and corrective measures may lead to dramatic improvement; however, the long-term cardiac remodeling outcomes, particularly after delayed closure, remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>A 57-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with complaints of exertional dyspnea for more than 10 years. Physical examination revealed wet crackles in the lungs and a continuous machinery murmur in the left lower back and groin area. Asymmetric edema and varicose veins were observed in the lower limbs. Echocardiography revealed a dilated right ventricle with severe pulmonary hypertension. Computed tomography revealed a left common iliac arteriovenous fistula linked to prior lumbar disc surgery. Surgical repair resolved the symptoms, with echocardiography at 4 months showing a reduced right atrium (RA) and ventricular (RV) diameter and tricuspid regurgitation. However, during the 2-year follow-up, gradual RA and RV re-expansion (from 35 mm to 51 mm and from 26 mm to 46 mm, respectively) was observed, despite sustained clinical stability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights that delayed arteriovenous fistula closure may result in incomplete right heart reverse remodeling, even after symptomatic relief. Potential mechanisms include persistent hemodynamic stress from subclinical residual shunting or functional impairment due to chronic volume overload. Early intervention before irreversible right heart damage is critical for optimal outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"17 4","pages":"104748"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and impact of metabolically healthy obesity on cardiovascular outcomes in postmenopausal women and disparities: An age-matched study.","authors":"Adhvithi Pingili, Rupak Desai, Roopeessh Vempati, Madhusha Vemula, Mohit Lakkimsetti, Hasmitha Madhavaram, Athmananda Nanjundappa, Sandeep Singh, Praveena Sunkara, Jyotsna Gummadi","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i4.105842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v17.i4.105842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is widespread debate about the impact of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) on cardiovascular outcomes. However, studies have not exclusively examined the impact of MHO on cardiovascular outcomes in the postmenopausal population.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To explore the prevalence of MHO and its relationship with hospitalization outcomes, including major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events (MACCE), in postmenopausal women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We extracted data from the National Inpatient Sample 2020 database using International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for all admissions of postmenopausal women. We excluded patients with diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia to obtain metabolically healthy patients and then identified patients with obesity to create obese and non-obese cohorts. We used a 1:1 propensity score matching method to match patients with and without MHO based on age, and then we did a multivariable regression analysis for in-hospital MACCE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2020, 1304185 metabolically healthy postmenopausal women were admitted; 148250 (11.4%) had MHO. After propensity score matching for age, a statistically significant difference was observed in overall MACCE [odds ratio (OR): 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.16, <i>P</i> = 0.028] among MHO and non-MHO cohorts, especially in patients of African-American ethnicity (OR: 1.23, 95%CI: 1.01-1.49, <i>P</i> = 0.035) and the lowermost income quartile (OR: 1.24, 95%CI: 1.06-1.44, <i>P</i> = 0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Postmenopausal patients with MHO are at risk of MACCE, especially black patients and those with lower incomes. Larger prospective studies can demystify MHO's impact on cardiovascular outcomes among postmenopausal women.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"17 4","pages":"105842"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sutureless aortic valve and post-operative atrial fibrillation: Five-year outcomes from a propensity matched cohort study.","authors":"Thomas French, Sanjeet Singh Avtaar Singh, Vincenzo Giordano, Charilaos-Panagiotis Koutsogiannidis, Kelvin Hao Han Lim, Renzo Pessotto, Vipin Zamvar","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i4.102669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v17.i4.102669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Perceval Sorin S (perceval valve) is a sutureless bioprosthetic designed for use in a high-risk cohort who may not be suitable for transcatheter aortic valve implantation or a conventional surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare five-year post-operative outcomes in a cohort undergoing isolated AVR with the perceval valve to a contemporary cohort undergoing surgical AVR with a sutured bioprosthesis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a retrospective, cohort study at a single tertiary unit. Between 2017 and 2023, 982 suitable patients were identified. 174 Perceval valve replacements were matched to 174 sutured valve replacements. Cohort characteristics, intra-operative details, and post-operative outcomes were compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Time under the aortic cross-clamp (<i>P</i> < 0.001), time on the cardiopulmonary bypass (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and total operative time (<i>P</i> < 0.001) were significantly reduced in the Perceval group. Patients in the Perceval valve group were at a lower risk of postoperative pneumonia [odds ratio (OR) = 0.53 (0.29-0.94)] and atrial fibrillation [OR = 0.58 (0.36-0.93)]. After propensity-matching, all-cause mortality did not significantly differ between the two groups in the five-year follow-up period. Larger valve sizes conferred an increased risk of mortality (<i>P</i> = 0.020).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sutureless surgical AVR (SAVR) is a safe and efficient alternative to SAVR with a sutured bioprosthesis, and may confer a reduced risk of post-operative atrial fibrillation. Clinician tendency towards 'oversizing' sutureless aortic valves translates into adverse clinical outcomes. Less time on the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit allows for the treatment of otherwise high-risk patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"17 4","pages":"102669"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a machine learning model for diagnosis of ischemic heart disease using single-lead electrocardiogram parameters.","authors":"Basheer Abdullah Marzoog, Peter Chomakhidze, Daria Gognieva, Artemiy Silantyev, Alexander Suvorov, Magomed Abdullaev, Natalia Mozzhukhina, Darya Alexandrovna Filippova, Sergey Vladimirovich Kostin, Maria Kolpashnikova, Natalya Ershova, Nikolay Ushakov, Dinara Mesitskaya, Philipp Kopylov","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i4.104396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v17.i4.104396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ischemic heart disease (IHD) impacts the quality of life and has the highest mortality rate of cardiovascular diseases globally.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare variations in the parameters of the single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) during resting conditions and physical exertion in individuals diagnosed with IHD and those without the condition using vasodilator-induced stress computed tomography (CT) myocardial perfusion imaging as the diagnostic reference standard.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single center observational study included 80 participants. The participants were aged ≥ 40 years and given an informed written consent to participate in the study. Both groups, G1 (<i>n</i> = 31) with and G2 (<i>n</i> = 49) without post stress induced myocardial perfusion defect, passed cardiologist consultation, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and pulse rate measurement, echocardiography, cardio-ankle vascular index, bicycle ergometry, recording 3-min single-lead ECG (Cardio-Qvark) before and just after bicycle ergometry followed by performing CT myocardial perfusion. The LASSO regression with nested cross-validation was used to find the association between Cardio-Qvark parameters and the existence of the perfusion defect. Statistical processing was performed with the R programming language v4.2, Python v.3.10 [^R], and Statistica 12 program.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bicycle ergometry yielded an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 50.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.388-0.625], specificity of 53.1% (95%CI: 0.392-0.673), and sensitivity of 48.4% (95%CI: 0.306-0.657). In contrast, the Cardio-Qvark test performed notably better with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 67% (95%CI: 0.530-0.801), specificity of 75.5% (95%CI: 0.628-0.88), and sensitivity of 51.6% (95%CI: 0.333-0.695).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The single-lead ECG has a relatively higher diagnostic accuracy compared with bicycle ergometry by using machine learning models, but the difference was not statistically significant. However, further investigations are required to uncover the hidden capabilities of single-lead ECG in IHD diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"17 4","pages":"104396"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of night sentry duties on cardiometabolic health in military personnel.","authors":"Haewon Byeon","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i4.102133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v17.i4.102133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article examines the study by Lin <i>et al</i>, which explores the effects of night sentry duties on cardiometabolic health in military personnel. The research identifies significant correlations between the frequency of night shifts and negative cardiometabolic outcomes, such as elevated resting pulse rates and lowered levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. These outcomes underscore the health risks linked to partial sleep deprivation, a common challenge in military environments. The editorial highlights the clinical significance of these findings, advocating for the implementation of targeted health interventions to mitigate these risks. Strategies such as structured sleep recovery programs and lifestyle modifications are recommended to improve the health management of military personnel engaged in nocturnal duties. By addressing these issues, military health management can better safeguard the well-being and operational readiness of its personnel.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"17 4","pages":"102133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adenosine triphosphate-induced cell death in heart failure: Is there a link?","authors":"Jing-Jing Zhang, Lu Cheng, Qian Qiao, Xue-Liang Xiao, Shao-Jun Lin, Yue-Fang He, Ren-Luo Sha, Jun Sha, Yin Ma, Hao-Ling Zhang, Xue-Rui Ye","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i4.105021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v17.i4.105021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heart failure (HF) has emerged as one of the foremost global health threats due to its intricate pathophysiological mechanisms and multifactorial etiology. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-induced cell death represents a novel form of regulated cell deaths, marked by cellular energy depletion and metabolic dysregulation stemming from excessive ATP accumulation, identifying its uniqueness compared to other cell death processes modalities such as programmed cell death and necrosis. Growing evidence suggests that ATP-induced cell death (AICD) is predominantly governed by various biological pathways, including energy metabolism, redox homeostasis and intracellular calcium equilibrium. Recent research has shown that AICD is crucial in HF induced by pathological conditions like myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and chemotherapy. Thus, it is essential to investigate the function of AICD in the pathogenesis of HF, as this may provide a foundation for the development of targeted therapies and novel treatment strategies. This review synthesizes current advancements in understanding the link between AICD and HF, while further elucidating its involvement in cardiac remodeling and HF progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"17 4","pages":"105021"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144044762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravascular ULTRA sound-guided percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with STEMI: Rationale and design of the ULTRA-STEMI trial.","authors":"Efstratios Karagiannidis, Andreas S Papazoglou, Athanasios Samaras, Athina Nasoufidou, Georgios Zormpas, Georgios Tagarakis, Konstantinos C Theodoropoulos, Marios Papadakis, Apostolos Tzikas, Nikolaos Fragakis, George Kassimis","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i4.106072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v17.i4.106072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Safety and efficacy of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been consistently shown in recent trials. However, prospective data on the clinical effects of IVUS usage in primary PCI are still warranted. The ULTRA-STEMI trial is a prospective investigator-initiated observational single-center cohort trial aiming to enroll 80 patients with STEMI.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the outcomes of patients with STEMI undergoing IVUS-guided PCI and correlate derived IVUS measurements with clinical, procedural, imaging and follow-up outcomes of interest.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Study participants will undergo primary PCI as per standardized procedures. IVUS pullbacks will be performed pre-intervention, post-lesion preparation, post-intervention and post-optimization using a 20 MHz digital IVUS (Eagle Eye Platinum, Philips). Manual thrombus aspiration will be performed in cases of high thrombus burden. The aspirated thrombi will be scanned with micro-computed tomography to extract volumetric measurements of the aspirated thrombotic burden. Moreover, angiographic, peri-procedural and 3-year follow-up data will be gathered. Co-primary endpoints will be cardiovascular mortality and target vessel failure, defined as the composite of: Cardiovascular mortality, target vessel myocardial infarction and/or clinically driven target vessel revascularization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the study are expected by the third quarter of 2029.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ULTRA-STEMI trial will add to the existing literature the clinical, angiographic, micro-computed tomography and follow-up outcomes of IVUS-guided PCI in 80 patients presenting with STEMI.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"17 4","pages":"106072"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volatilome and machine learning in ischemic heart disease: Current challenges and future perspectives.","authors":"Basheer Abdullah Marzoog, Philipp Kopylov","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i4.106593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v17.i4.106593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Integrating exhaled breath analysis into the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases holds significant promise as a valuable tool for future clinical use, particularly for ischemic heart disease (IHD). However, current research on the volatilome (exhaled breath composition) in heart disease remains underexplored and lacks sufficient evidence to confirm its clinical validity. Key challenges hindering the application of breath analysis in diagnosing IHD include the scarcity of studies (only three published papers to date), substantial methodological bias in two of these studies, and the absence of standardized protocols for clinical implementation. Additionally, inconsistencies in methodologies-such as sample collection, analytical techniques, machine learning (ML) approaches, and result interpretation-vary widely across studies, further complicating their reproducibility and comparability. To address these gaps, there is an urgent need to establish unified guidelines that define best practices for breath sample collection, data analysis, ML integration, and biomarker annotation. Until these challenges are systematically resolved, the widespread adoption of exhaled breath analysis as a reliable diagnostic tool for IHD remains a distant goal rather than an imminent reality.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"17 4","pages":"106593"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}