World Journal of Cardiology最新文献

{"title":"Nexilin mutations, a cause of chronic heart failure: A state-of-the-art review starting from a clinical case.","authors":"Oana-Cornelia Năstasie, Dan-Andrei Radu, Sebastian Onciul, Marian-Bogdan Drăgoescu, Nicoleta-Monica Popa-Fotea","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i3.100290","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i3.100290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heart failure (HF) is a medical condition associated with high morbidity and mortality, despite ongoing advances in diagnosis and treatment. Among the various causes of HF, cardiomyopathies are particularly significant and must be thoroughly diagnosed and characterized from the outset. In this review, we aim to present a brief overview of cardiomyopathies as a driver of HF, with a specific focus on the genetic causes, particularly nexilin (NEXN) cardiomyopathy, illustrated by a clinical case. The case involves a 63-year-old male who presented with HF symptoms at moderate exertion. Six months prior, he had been asymptomatic, and a routine transthoracic echocardiography had shown a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). However, during the current evaluation, transthoracic echocardiography revealed a dilated left ventricle with a severely reduced LVEF of 30%. Subsequent coronary angiography ruled out ischemic heart disease, while cardiac magnetic resonance imaging indicated a non-inflammatory, non-infiltrative dilated cardiomyopathy with extensive LV fibrosis. Genetic testing identified a heterozygous in-frame deletion variant in the <i>NEXN</i> gene [c.1949_1951del, p.(Gly650del)], classified as likely pathogenic. State-of-the-art HF treatment was initiated, including cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator support. Following treatment, the patient's symptoms resolved, and LVEF improved to 42%. Interestingly, this patient experienced the onset of symptoms and left ventricular dysfunction within just six months, a much faster progression compared to previously documented cases where the G650del NEXN variant is typically linked to a more gradual development of dilated cardiomyopathy. Current literature offers limited data on patients with NEXN mutations, and the connection between this gene and both dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies remains an area of active research.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"17 3","pages":"100290"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11947951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of interleukins in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease: A literature review.","authors":"Saira Rafaqat, Azeem Azam, Ramsha Hafeez, Hamza Faseeh, Maria Tariq, Muhammad Asif, Amber Arshad, Iqra Noshair","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i3.103947","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i3.103947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interleukins (ILs), a subset of cytokines, play a critical role in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease (CHD) by mediating inflammation. This review article summarizes the role of ILs such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, and IL-10 in the pathogenesis of CHD. Individuals with mild coronary artery disease (CAD) and angina who have ischemic heart disease have higher serum concentrations of IL-1b. Larger studies are needed to verify the safety and assess the effectiveness of low-dose IL-2 as an anti-inflammatory treatment. IL-3 is found more often in patients receiving coronary angioplasty compared to patients with asymptomatic CAD or without CAD. Serum levels of IL-4 are reliable indicators of CAD. An independent correlation between IL-5 and the incidence of CAD was demonstrated. IL-6 helps serve as a reliable biomarker for the degree of CAD, as determined by the Gensini score, and is a key factor in the development of atherosclerosis. Also, variants of IL-7/7R have been linked to the Han Chinese population's genetic susceptibility to CHD. IL-8 plays a role in the progression of CAD occurrences. By interacting with conventional risk factors for CAD, IL-9 may contribute to the development of CAD and offer an innovative approach to its prevention and management. There was a 34% increased risk of a CHD incident for every standard deviation rise in baseline IL-10 levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"17 3","pages":"103947"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11947956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Connection between heart rate variability alterations and cancer in tumor patients.","authors":"Yu-Zhu Deng, Bing Song","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i3.102999","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i3.102999","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A significant proportion of cancer patients experience autonomic dysfunction, and cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy can exacerbate impairments in the cardiac autonomic nervous system. This study sought to investigate the characteristics of heart rate variability (HRV) in individuals with cancer.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the relationship between HRV and cancer patients, providing insights and references for cancer treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 127 cancer patients with available 24-hour dynamic electrocardiogram data. HRV differences were analyzed using both time domain and frequency domain methods. These findings were then compared to HRV data from reference individuals, sourced from literature that utilized the same HRV computing algorithm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings revealed that cancer patients generally exhibited abnormal HRV compared to the reference group. HRV was found to be correlated with age and clinical type (<i>P</i> < 0.05), but no significant correlation was observed with tumor site or gender (<i>P</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study indicates that cancer patients have significantly abnormal HRV compared to reference individuals, suggesting the presence of a certain level of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in this patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"17 3","pages":"102999"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11947957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On MANTA vascular closure devices following veno arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: Effectiveness and complications.","authors":"Alexander E Berezin","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i3.101768","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i3.101768","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MANTA vascular closure device is an alternative vascular access closure device that is predominantly designed for large bore arteriotomy procedures. Its implementation to reduce morbidity and mortality following percutaneous procedures including peripheral veno-arterial (VA)-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in critically ill patients with various severe clinical conditions such as refractory cardiogenic shock remains to be under scientific discussion. The use of the MANTA vascular closure device leads to a sufficient reduction in a number of post-decannulation complications such as bleeding, vascular complications, inflammatory reactions and major amputation. Furthermore, the technical success of percutaneous decannulation of VA-ECMO with the MANTA vascular closure device appears to be safe and effective. It has been reported that MANTA vascular closure device exerted a strict similarity with other vascular surgical systems in safe profile regardless of the indication for its utilization. Overall, the immobilized patients achieved a favorable recovery outcome with MANTA including safe decannulation and low risk of vascular complications. The authors suggest the use of pulse wave distal Doppler technology for early detection of these clinically relevant complications. In conclusion, MANTA vascular closure device seems to be safe and effective technical approach to provide low-risk vascular assess for a long time for severe sick individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"17 3","pages":"101768"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11947953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic immune inflammation index as a predictor for atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation.","authors":"Panayotis K Vlachakis, Panagiotis Theofilis, Athanasios Kordalis, Dimitris Tousoulis","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i3.103993","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i3.103993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atrial fibrillation (Afib) is a common arrhythmia with significant public health implications, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Catheter ablation (CA) is an established treatment for drug-resistant Afib, yet recurrence remains a major concern, impacting quality of life in a significant portion of patients. Inflammation plays a critical role in the recurrence of Afib after ablation, with systemic inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein being linked to higher recurrence rates. In this editorial, we discuss the study by Wang <i>et al</i>, published in the latest issue, which investigates the predictive role of the systemic immune inflammation index (SII) in Afib recurrence following radiofrequency CA. Elevated pre-ablation SII levels are identified as an independent predictor of recurrence, significantly enhancing the predictive power of the APPLE score. Integration of SII improved the APPLE score's predictive performance, as shown by enhanced area under the curve, net reclassification improvement, and integrated discrimination improvement. This combined model highlights the importance of both structural and inflammatory factors in Afib recurrence, offering a more personalized approach to patient management. Additionally, the affordability and accessibility of SII enhance its practicality in clinical workflows. The study by Wang <i>et al</i> underscores the potential of integrating SII with existing scoring systems to refine risk stratification and optimize treatment strategies. Future research should validate these findings across diverse populations, explore limitations such as the potential influence of comorbidities on SII reliability, and investigate additional biomarkers to enhance predictive accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"17 3","pages":"103993"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11947955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balloon valvuloplasty and transcatheter aortic valve replacement <i>via</i> aortofemoral bypass grafts: A case report and review of literature.","authors":"Ahmad Mustafa, Chapman Wei, Michael Cinelli, Shahkar Khan, Danyal Khan, Frank Tamburrino, Gregory Maniatis, Jonathan Spagnola","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i3.101709","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i3.101709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) can be performed through multiple access sites with the preferred approach being transfemoral. In patients with severe peripheral arterial disease and previous grafts, the safety of transfemoral access <i>via</i> direct graft puncture, especially when performed twice within a short period, remains unclear compared to alternative access methods. We present a case demonstrating the safety and efficacy of direct graft puncture for transfemoral access during balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) and TAVR.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>An 82-year-old man presented with dyspnea on exertion. Echocardiogram was significant for severe aortic stenosis. Following a heart team discussion, the patient was scheduled for a balloon valvuloplasty followed by staged TAVR. Based on pre-TAVR computed tomography angiogram, the aortobifemoral graft was deemed as an appropriate access site. Micropuncture needle was used to access the right femoral artery graft, and the sheath was upscaled to 10 Fr. He underwent successful intervention to ostial left anterior descending and left circumflex arteries, and BAV with 22 mm Vida BAV balloon. Hemostasis was achieved using Perclose. For TAVR, an 8 Fr sheath was inserted <i>via</i> the right femoral bypass graft. The arteriotomy was pre-closed with two Perclose ProGlides and access was upsized to 18F Gore DrySeal. A 5Fr sheath was used for left femoral bypass graft access. Patient underwent successful TAVR with 29 mm CoreValve. Hemostasis was successfully achieved using 2 Perclose for right access site and one Perclose for left side with no postoperative bleeding complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BAV and TAVR are feasible and safe through a direct puncture of the aortofemoral bypass graft with successful hemostasis using Perclose.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"17 3","pages":"101709"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11947954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of periprocedural continuation <i>vs</i> interruption of oral anticoagulation in transcatheter aortic valve replacement.","authors":"Aman Goyal, Aqsa Shoaib, Areeba Fareed, Sara Jawed, Muhammad Taha Khan, Najwa Salim, Ushna Zameer, Amna Siddiqui, Tanya Thakur, Samia Aziz Sulaiman","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i3.104000","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i3.104000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Up to one-third of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) have an indication for oral anticoagulation (OAC), primarily due to underlying atrial fibrillation. The optimal approach concerning periprocedural continuation <i>vs</i> interruption of OAC in patients undergoing TAVR remains uncertain, which our meta-analysis aims to address.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To explore safety and efficacy outcomes for patients undergoing TAVR, comparing periprocedural continuation <i>vs</i> interruption of OAC therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search was conducted across major databases to retrieve eligible studies that assessed the safety and effectiveness of TAVR with periprocedural continuous <i>vs</i> interrupted OAC. Data were pooled using a random-effects model with risk ratio (RR) and their 95% confidence interval (CI) as effect measures. All statistical analyses were conducted using Review Manager with statistical significance set at <i>P</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four studies were included, encompassing a total of 1813 patients with a mean age of 80.6 years and 49.8% males. A total of 733 patients underwent OAC interruption and 1080 continued. Stroke incidence was significantly lower in the OAC continuation group (RR = 0.62, 95%CI: 0.40-0.94; <i>P</i> = 0.03). No significant differences in major vascular complications were found between the two groups (RR = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.77-1.16; <i>P</i> = 0.60) and major bleeding (RR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.72-1.12; <i>P</i> = 0.33). All-cause mortality was non-significant between the two groups (RR = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.57-1.20; <i>P</i> = 0.32).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Continuation of OAC significantly reduced stroke risk, whereas it showed trends toward lower bleeding and mortality that were not statistically significant. Further large-scale studies are crucial to determine clinical significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"17 3","pages":"104000"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11947949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of the EuroSCORE in coronary artery bypass graft in Colombia, a middle-income country: A retrospective cohort.","authors":"David Rene Rodríguez Lima, Edith Elianna Rodríguez Aparicio, Laura Otálora González, Daniela Carolina Hernández, Alejandro González-Muñoz","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i3.100506","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i3.100506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The EuroSCORE II is a globally accepted tool for predicting mortality in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. However, the discriminative ability of this tool in non-European populations may be inadequate, limiting its use in other regions.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the performance of EuroSCORE II in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery at a hospital in Bogotá, Colombia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An observational, analytical study of a retrospective cohort was designed. All patients admitted to Hospital Universitario Mayor Méderi who underwent CABG between December 2015 and May 2020 were included. In-hospital mortality was the primary outcome evaluated. Furthermore, the performance of EuroSCORE II was assessed in this population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1009 patients were included [median age 66 years IQR = 59-72, 78.2% men]. The overall in-hospital mortality was 5.5% (<i>n</i> = 56). The median mortality predicted using EuroSCORE II was 1.29 (IQR = 0.92-2.11). Non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction was the most common preoperative diagnosis (54.1%), followed by ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (19.1%) and unstable angina (14.3%). Urgent surgery was performed in 87.3% of the patients (<i>n</i> = 881). Mortality rates in each group were as follows: Low risk 6.0% (<i>n</i> = 45, observed-to-expected (O/E) ratio, 5.6), moderate risk 3.0% (<i>n</i> = 5, O/E ratio 1.17), high risk 5.0% (<i>n</i> = 4, O/E ratio 0.94), and very high risk 7.6% (<i>n</i> = 2, O/E ratio 0.71). The overall O/E ratio was 4.2. The area under the curve of EuroSCORE II was 0.55 [95% confidence interval: 0.48-0.63].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EuroSCORE II exhibited poor performance in this population owing to its low discriminative ability. This finding may be explained by the fact that the population comprised older individuals with higher ventricular function impairment. Moreover, unlike the population in which this tool was originally developed, most patients were not electively admitted for the surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"17 3","pages":"100506"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11947952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shedding light on the effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in the early stages of heart failure.","authors":"Luigi Falco, Emilio Di Lorenzo, Daniele Masarone","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i3.102893","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i3.102893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heart failure (HF), which falls outside of the historical macrovascular or microvascular categorizations of diabetes complications, has been overlooked for long time in diabetic patients, despite its increasing prevalence and mortality. As originally stated in the Framingham studies, diabetes is associated with an increased risk of HF. Subsequent studies not only corroborated these findings but also identified HF as the most frequent first onset of cardiovascular involvement. The paramount role of proper management of common modifiable risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia and smoking, became rapidly clear. Conversely, the impact of intensive glycemic control was more contentious. A large meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials reported a lack of effect of strict glycemic control as compared to standard care on HF-related outcomes. The considerable heterogeneity of the effect estimate and the higher risk conferred by thiazolidinediones suggested that mechanism of action of antidiabetic drugs played a key role. Furthermore, the safety concerns of pioglitazone led Food and Drug Administration to release a guidance for drug manufacturers stating that cardiovascular risk should be comprehensively evaluated during drug development. Surprisingly, in just a few years, large cardiovascular outcome trials established the beneficial cardiovascular effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. These effects were consistent regardless diabetes and ejection fraction. Therefore, scientific community started to question the glucose-lowering and diuretic properties of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors as the unique mechanisms for improved outcomes. A plenty of preclinical and clinical studies identified several mechanisms besides glucose-lowering effects. However, these mechanistic studies focused on animal models and patients with established HF. If the same mechanisms account for beneficial effects in patients at risk for or with pre-HF is unknown. Grubić Rotkvić <i>et al</i> published an interesting work adding data in early stages HF.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"17 3","pages":"102893"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11947958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in prenatal diagnosis and management of hypoplastic left heart syndrome: A multidisciplinary approach and future directions.","authors":"Syed Faqeer Hussain Bokhari, Syed M Faizan Sattar, Umair Mehboob, Muhammad Umais, Muhammad Ahmad, Ahmad Malik, Danyal Bakht, Asma Iqbal, Wahidullah Dost","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i3.103668","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i3.103668","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is a severe congenital defect involving underdeveloped left-sided cardiac structures, leading to significant mortality and morbidity. Prenatal diagnosis using fetal ultrasound and echocardiography enables early detection, family counseling, and improved clinical decision-making. Advanced prenatal interventions, such as fetal aortic valvuloplasty and atrial septostomy, show promise but require careful patient selection. A multidisciplinary approach involving obstetricians, neonatologists, and pediatric cardiologists is vital for effective management. Future directions include refining imaging techniques, such as three-dimensional ultrasound, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, and exploring bioengineering solutions, stem cell therapies, and genetic research. These advancements aim to improve therapeutic options and address current limitations, including transplant scarcity and postoperative complications. Although surgical innovations have improved survival rates, challenges remain, including neurological risks and long-term hemodynamic issues. Ongoing research and technological advancements are essential to enhance outcomes and quality of life for hypoplastic left heart syndrome patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"17 3","pages":"103668"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11947948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143754791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}